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2004

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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 13903

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

News From The South Carolina Library Association V.2 N.3 07/2004 Jul 2004

News From The South Carolina Library Association V.2 N.3 07/2004

South Carolina Libraries

News from the South Carolina Library Association v.2 n.3 07/2004

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Grand Valley Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 3 Summer 2004, Grand Valley State University Jul 2004

Grand Valley Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 3 Summer 2004, Grand Valley State University

Grand Valley Magazine

Grand Valley Magazine is a quarterly publication about Grand Valley State University produced by University Communications since 2001.

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Universal Coverage And The American Health Care System Crisis (Again), Rick Mayes Jul 2004

Universal Coverage And The American Health Care System Crisis (Again), Rick Mayes

Political Science Faculty Publications

Ten years after President Clinton’s ambitious attempt at comprehensive health care reform died, several old and new issues with the health care system have emerged. First, the number of uninsured Americans rose to 43.6 million in 2002—and the numbers have since increased. Also, the costs for those who do not have insurance are rapidly increasing. In addition health care related problems are one of the leading causes of personal bankruptcy in the United States. Finally, the government’s two primary health insurance programs—Medicare and Medicaid—are experiencing considerable financial strain. Dr. Mayes examines these problems in depth before and revisits President Clinton’s …

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Grading Exams: 100, 99, ..., 1 Or A, B, C? Incentives In Games Of Status, Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos Jul 2004

Grading Exams: 100, 99, ..., 1 Or A, B, C? Incentives In Games Of Status, Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We show that if students care primarily about their status (relative rank) in class, they are best motivated to work not by revealing their exact numerical exam scores (100,99,…,1), but instead by clumping them in broad categories (A,B,C). If their abilities are disparate, the optimal grading scheme awards fewer A’s than there are alpha-quality students, creating small elites. If their abilities are common knowledge, then it is better to grade them on an absolute scale (100 to 90 is an A, etc.) rather than on a curve (top 15% is an A, etc.). We develop criteria for optimal grading schemes …

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Hac Estimation By Automated Regression, Peter C.B. Phillips Jul 2004

Hac Estimation By Automated Regression, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A simple regression approach to HAC and LRV estimation is suggested. The method exploits the fact that the quantities of interest relate to only one point of the spectrum (the origin). The new estimator is simply the explained sum of squares in a linear regression whose regressors are a set of trend basis functions. Positive definiteness in the estimate is therefore automatically enforced and the technique can be implemented with standard regression packages. No kernel choice is needed in practical implementation but basis functions need to be chosen and a smoothing parameter corresponding to the number of basis functions needs …

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Challenges Of Trending Time Series Econometrics, Peter C.B. Phillips Jul 2004

Challenges Of Trending Time Series Econometrics, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We discuss some challenges presented by trending data in time series econometrics. To the empirical economist there is little guidance from theory about the source of trend behavior and even less guidance about practical formulations. Moreover, recent proximity theorems reveal that trends are more elusive to model empirically than stationary processes, with the upshot that optimal forecasts are also harder to estimate when the data involve trends. These limitations are implicitly acknowledged in much practical modeling and forecasting work, where adaptive methods are often used to help keep models on track as trends evolve. The paper discusses these broader issues …

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Expansions For Approximate Maximum Likelihood Estimators Of The Fractional Difference Parameter, Offer Lieberman, Peter C.B. Phillips Jul 2004

Expansions For Approximate Maximum Likelihood Estimators Of The Fractional Difference Parameter, Offer Lieberman, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper derives second-order expansions for the distributions of the Whittle and profile plug-in maximum likelihood estimators of the fractional difference parameter in the ARFIMA(0, d ,0) with unknown mean and variance. Both estimators are shown to be second-order pivotal. This extends earlier findings of Lieberman and Phillips (2001), who derived expansions for the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator under the assumption that the mean and variance are known. One implication of the results is that the parametric bootstrap upper one-sided confidence interval provides an o ( n -1 ln n ) improvement over the delta method. For statistics that are …

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Regression Asymptotics Using Martingale Convergence Methods, Rustam Ibragimov, Peter C.B. Phillips Jul 2004

Regression Asymptotics Using Martingale Convergence Methods, Rustam Ibragimov, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Weak convergence of partial sums and multilinear forms in independent random variables and linear processes to stochastic integrals now plays a major role in nonstationary time series and has been central to the development of unit root econometrics. The present paper develops a new and conceptually simple method for obtaining such forms of convergence. The method relies on the fact that the econometric quantities of interest involve discrete time martingales or semimartingales and shows how in the limit these quantities become continuous martingales and semimartingales. The limit theory itself uses very general convergence results for semimartingales that were obtained in …

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Indicators Of The Metroscape: Dropouts, Ellie Fiore Jul 2004

Indicators Of The Metroscape: Dropouts, Ellie Fiore

Metroscape

A brief overview of high school drop rates for Oregon with a focus on the Portland Metro Area.

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An Alternative Test Of Racial Prejudice In Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory And Evidence, Shamena Anwar, Hanming Fang Jul 2004

An Alternative Test Of Racial Prejudice In Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory And Evidence, Shamena Anwar, Hanming Fang

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We exploit a simple but realistic model of trooper behavior to design empirical tests that address the following two questions. Are police monolithic in their search behavior? Is racial profiling in motor vehicle searches motivated by troopers’ desire for effective policing (statistical discrimination) or by their racial prejudice (racism)? Our tests require data sets with race information about both the motorists and troopers. When applied to vehicle stop and search data from Florida, our tests can soundly reject the null hypothesis that troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, but fail to reject the null hypothesis that …

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Competition, Consumer Welfare And Monopoly Power, Donald J. Brown, G. A. Wood Jul 2004

Competition, Consumer Welfare And Monopoly Power, Donald J. Brown, G. A. Wood

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

An applied general equilibrium analysis of monopoly power is proposed as an alternative to the partial equilibrium analyses of monopoly pricing current in antitrust economics. This analysis introduces a new notion of market equilibrium where firms with monopoly power are cost-minimizing price-takers in competitive factor markets and make supracompetitive profits in equilibrium, i.e., the monopoly price exceeds the marginal cost of production. We assume that the primary goals of antitrust policy are the promotion of competition and the enhancement of consumer welfare. To that end, we use Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization to determine the counterfactual competitive price levels in …

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Collateral Restrictions And Liquidity Under-Supply: A Simple Model, Ana Fostel, John Geanakoplos Jul 2004

Collateral Restrictions And Liquidity Under-Supply: A Simple Model, Ana Fostel, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We show that very little is needed to create liquidity under-supply in equilibrium. Credit constraints on demand by themselves can cause an under-supply of liquidity, without the uncertainty, intermediation, asymmetric information or complicated international financial framework used in other models in the literature. We show that the under-supply is a non-monotone function of the demand distortion that causes it, a result that may have interesting implications for emerging markets economies. Finally, when we make the credit constraint endogenous, the inefficiency can be large due to the presence of a multiplier.

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Automated Discovery In Econometrics, Peter C.B. Phillips Jul 2004

Automated Discovery In Econometrics, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Our subject is the notion of automated discovery in econometrics. Advances in computer power, electronic communication, and data collection processes have all changed the way econometrics is conducted. These advances have helped to elevate the status of empirical research within the economics profession in recent years and they now open up new possibilities for empirical econometric practice. Of particular significance is the ability to build econometric models in an automated way according to an algorithm of decision rules that allow for (what we call here) heteroskedastic and autocorrelation robust (HAR) inference. Computerized search algorithms may be implemented to seek out …

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Non-Monotone Liquidity Under-Supply, Ana Fostel, John Geanakoplos Jul 2004

Non-Monotone Liquidity Under-Supply, Ana Fostel, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We define liquidity as the flexibility to move goods (money) from one project (investment) to another. We show that credit constraints on demand by themselves can cause an under-supply of liquidity, without the uncertainty, intermediation, asymmetric information or complicated international financial framework used in other models in the literature. In this respect liquidity is like a commodity: according to our offsetting distortions principle, a distortion in the demand for any good can often be understood as an inefficiency of supply. We show that the liquidity under-supply is a non-monotone function of the credit constraint. This result is also a particular …

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Limit Theory For Moderate Deviations From A Unit Root, Peter C.B. Phillips, Tassos Magdalinos Jul 2004

Limit Theory For Moderate Deviations From A Unit Root, Peter C.B. Phillips, Tassos Magdalinos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

An asymptotic theory is given for autoregressive time series with a root of the form ρ n = 1 + c/ n α , which represents moderate deviations from unity when α in (0,1). The limit theory is obtained using a combination of a functional law to a diffusion on D [0,∞) and a central limit law to a scalar normal variate. For c > 0, the results provide a n (1+α)/2 rate of convergence and asymptotic normality for the first order serial correlation, partially bridging the squareroot of n and n convergence rates for the stationary (α = 0) and …

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Uniform Limit Theory For Stationary Autoregression, Liudas Giraitis, Peter C.B. Phillips Jul 2004

Uniform Limit Theory For Stationary Autoregression, Liudas Giraitis, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

First order autoregression is shown to satisfy a limit theory which is uniform over stationary values of the autoregressive coefficient ρ = ρ n in [0,1) provided (1 - ρ n )n approaches infinity. This extends existing Gaussian limit theory by allowing for values of stationary rho that include neighbourhoods of unity provided they are wider than ( n 1 ), even by a slowly varying factor. Rates of convergence depend on rho and are at least squareroot of / n but less than n . Only second moments are assumed, as in the case of stationary autoregression with fixed …

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Research In Home-Care Telemedicine: Challenges In Patient Recruitment, Usha Subramanian, Faith Hopp, Julie Lowery, Peter Woodbridge, David Smith Jul 2004

Research In Home-Care Telemedicine: Challenges In Patient Recruitment, Usha Subramanian, Faith Hopp, Julie Lowery, Peter Woodbridge, David Smith

Social Work Faculty Publications

This study reports challenges in recruiting patients for a randomized controHed trial of home-care telemedicinae. Descriptive statistics on patient eligibility for home-care telemedidne services and patient refusals for participation are provided. Frequency counts of reasons for study exclusion and participant refusal and Chi-square tests to compare race and age-related differences are given. Of 302 home-care patients reviewed, 197 (65.2%) did not meet inclusion criteria. The most common reasons for study exclusion were patients either needing <2 visits per month (n = 59, 30%) or >3 skilled nurse visits per week (n = 46, 23.4%). Of the eligible patients (n = 105), 79 …

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Two Sides Of The Circle, Susan E. Murray Jul 2004

Two Sides Of The Circle, Susan E. Murray

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

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Intellectual Freedom And The Bible College Library, Gregory A. Smith Jul 2004

Intellectual Freedom And The Bible College Library, Gregory A. Smith

Faculty Publications and Presentations

A number of evangelical Christian authors have grappled with the subject of intellectual freedom--few, though, in the context of Bible college libraries. The secular concept of intellectual freedom is incompatible with Bible colleges in that it is absolutist and shuns any standard of morality. Theological, educational, and pragmatic factors indicate that Bible college libraries should provide access to a broad range of information resources, irrespective of the positions they espouse, except to the extent that such openness poses a serious threat to the fulfillment of their sponsoring institutions’ mission. To this end, Bible college libraries should take positive action to …

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The Efffect Of Post Identification Feedback And Delay On The Witnessing Experience, Matthew E. Cornwell Jul 2004

The Efffect Of Post Identification Feedback And Delay On The Witnessing Experience, Matthew E. Cornwell

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

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Nbc Peacock North Summer 2004, Peacock North Staff Jul 2004

Nbc Peacock North Summer 2004, Peacock North Staff

NBC Peacock North Newsletter

Highlights include: Spring Luncheon -- Silent Microphones -- NBC Sports -- We Get Letters and Pictures -- Stacy Brady Wins Edison Award

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Periodic Atlas: Mapping School & Society, Alton Straub Jul 2004

Periodic Atlas: Mapping School & Society, Alton Straub

Institute of Metropolitan Studies Publications

When communities change economically, culturally, and politically, few institutions are expected to adapt and respond as quickly as are public schools. In part, this expectation is justifiable. Free and compulsory education is a cornerstone of modern democracy. But do we expect too much? Should our public schools, whose funding we always seem to begrudge, be expected to overcome issues of poverty, race, and language that other societal institutions struggle with unsuccessfully? If we leave no child behind, if we save our struggling public schools, if our students achieve, are we addressing those issues in the most efficient and fundamental way? …

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My Own Creativity Girl Scout Badge, Annette J. German Jul 2004

My Own Creativity Girl Scout Badge, Annette J. German

Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects

Download file to see abstract

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Integration Of Non-Oai Resources For Federated Searching In Dlist, Anita Coleman, Paul Bracke, S. Karthik Jul 2004

Integration Of Non-Oai Resources For Federated Searching In Dlist, Anita Coleman, Paul Bracke, S. Karthik

Faculty Publications

Federated, distributed, and broadcast searches on the Internet depend on an underlying common metadata framework by which the information resources to be searched are organized. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is designed to facilitate searches across OAI-compliant databases. Software such as Arc allow service providers to offer federated searching of multiple, OAI-compliant resources. The majority of web-accessible information resources, however, are not OAI-compliant. This article describes a process whereby readily available open source tools and customized scripts were developed for integrating metadata from non-OAI compliant repositories for a federated search. The work described is being carried …

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Research To Practice: State Agency Systems Collaboration At The Local Level: Gluing The Puzzle Together, The Staff Perspective, Gabriella Santoro Rado, Doris Hamner, Susan Foley Jul 2004

Research To Practice: State Agency Systems Collaboration At The Local Level: Gluing The Puzzle Together, The Staff Perspective, Gabriella Santoro Rado, Doris Hamner, Susan Foley

Research to Practice Series, Institute for Community Inclusion

Some states acknowledge the benefits of interagency collaboration but have trouble putting it into action. ICI researchers worked with local offices to help them improve the One-Stop Career Center network for people with disabilities. This brief gives an "in the trenches" view of tools that worked.

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Hard Numbers, Hard Times: Homeless Individuals In Massachusetts Emergency Shelters, 1999-2003, Tatjana Meschede, Brian Sokol, Jennifer Raymond Jul 2004

Hard Numbers, Hard Times: Homeless Individuals In Massachusetts Emergency Shelters, 1999-2003, Tatjana Meschede, Brian Sokol, Jennifer Raymond

Center for Social Policy Publications

Hard Numbers, Hard Times is the fruit of five years of homeless management information systems data collected in homeless emergency shelters serving individuals across Massachusetts. For the first time, comprehensive, reliable statewide data are provided on how many people accessed the system, where people became homeless, what they attributed their homelessness to, how long they stayed in shelter, and where they went when they left. These data are combined with information on demographics, income, special needs and insurance status along with analysis and interviews to provide multiple perspectives on the Massachusetts shelter system.

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College Savings Plans: A Platform For Inclusive Saving Policy?, Margaret M. Clancy, Peter Orszag, Michael Sherraden Jul 2004

College Savings Plans: A Platform For Inclusive Saving Policy?, Margaret M. Clancy, Peter Orszag, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

College Savings Plans: A Platform for Inclusive Saving Policy?

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Cost-Effectiveness In Individual Development Accounts, Mark Schreiner, Guat Tin Ng, Michael Sherraden Jul 2004

Cost-Effectiveness In Individual Development Accounts, Mark Schreiner, Guat Tin Ng, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Because resources are limited, the benefits and costs of social-work interventions—like all interventions—must be compared with the benefits and costs of alternatives. Evidence-basedpractice should ask not only “What works?” but also “How well does it work?” and “What does it cost?” Unfortunately, evaluations of social-work practice—like evaluations in any field—rarely can measure all the relevant variables. In particular, benefits are extremely difficult to measure. Costs are simpler to measure, but even so, few evaluations measure costs. In the end, all evaluations are inevitably incomplete and so must make subjective judgments aboutunmeasured factors. The key to evaluation, then, is not certainty …

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Evaluation Of The American Dream Demonstration: Final Evaluation Report, Gregory Mills, Rhiannon Patterson, Larry Orr, Donna Demarco Jul 2004

Evaluation Of The American Dream Demonstration: Final Evaluation Report, Gregory Mills, Rhiannon Patterson, Larry Orr, Donna Demarco

Center for Social Development Research

Evaluation of the American Dream Demonstration: Final Evaluation Report

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Family Saving And Community Assets: Designing And Implementing Family-Centered, Place-Based Individual Development Account Programs, Stephanie C. Boddie, Michael Sherraden, Lorlene Hoyt, Prema Thirupathy, Trina Shanks, Solana Rice, Margaret Sherraden Jul 2004

Family Saving And Community Assets: Designing And Implementing Family-Centered, Place-Based Individual Development Account Programs, Stephanie C. Boddie, Michael Sherraden, Lorlene Hoyt, Prema Thirupathy, Trina Shanks, Solana Rice, Margaret Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Family Saving and Community Assets: Designing and Implementing Family-Centered, Place-Based Individual Development Account Programs

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