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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Anchoring (2)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Confidence Intervals On Subsets May Be Misleading, Juliet Popper Shaffer
Confidence Intervals On Subsets May Be Misleading, Juliet Popper Shaffer
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
A combination of hypothesis testing and confidence interval construction is often used in social and behavioral science studies. Sometimes confidence intervals are computed or reported only if a null hypothesis is rejected, perhaps to see whether the range of values is of practical importance. Sometimes they are constructed or reported only if a null hypothesis is accepted, in order to assess the range of plausible nonnull values due to inadequate power to detect them. Even if always computed, they are interpreted differently, depending on whether the null value is or is not included. Furthermore, many studies in which the null …
Confidence Elicitation And Anchoring In The Respondent-Generated Intervals (Rgi) Protocol, Liping Chu, S. James Press, Judith M. Tanur
Confidence Elicitation And Anchoring In The Respondent-Generated Intervals (Rgi) Protocol, Liping Chu, S. James Press, Judith M. Tanur
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The Respondent-Generated Intervals protocol (RGI) has been used to have respondents recall the answer to a factual question by giving not only a point estimate but also bounds within which they feel it is almost certain that the true value of the quantity being reported upon falls. The RGI protocol is elaborated in this article with the goal of improving the accuracy of the estimators by introducing cueing mechanisms to direct confident (and thus presumably accurate) respondents to give shorter intervals and less confident (and thus presumably less accurate) respondents to give longer ones.
Assessing Treatment Effects In Randomized Longitudinal Two-Group Designs With Missing Observations, James Algina, H. J. Keselman
Assessing Treatment Effects In Randomized Longitudinal Two-Group Designs With Missing Observations, James Algina, H. J. Keselman
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
SAS’s PROC MIXED can be problematic when analyzing data from randomized longitudinal two-group designs when observations are missing over time. Overall (1996, 1999) and colleagues found a number of procedures that are effective in controlling the number of false positives (Type I errors) and are yet sensitive (powerful) to detect treatment effects. Two favorable methods incorporate time in study and baseline scores to model the missing data mechanism; one method was a single-stage PROC MIXED ANCOVA solution and the other was a two-stage endpoint analysis using the change scores as dependent scores. Because the twostage approach can lack sensitivity to …
An Overview Of The Respondent-Generated Intervals (Rgi) Approach To Sample Surveys, S. James Press, Judith M. Tanur
An Overview Of The Respondent-Generated Intervals (Rgi) Approach To Sample Surveys, S. James Press, Judith M. Tanur
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
This article brings together many years of research on the Respondent-Generated Intervals (RGI) approach to recall in factual sample surveys. Additionally presented is new research on the use of RGI in opinion surveys and the use of RGI with gamma-distributed data. The research combines Bayesian hierarchical modeling with various cognitive aspects of sample surveys.
Multivariate Contrasts For Repeated Measures Designs Under Assumption Violations, Lisa M. Lix, Aynslie M. Hinds
Multivariate Contrasts For Repeated Measures Designs Under Assumption Violations, Lisa M. Lix, Aynslie M. Hinds
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Conventional and approximate degrees of freedom procedures for testing multivariate interaction contrasts in groups by trials repeated measures designs were compared under assumption violation conditions. Procedures were based on either least-squares or robust estimators. Power generally favored test procedures based on robust estimators for non-normal distributions, but was influenced by the degree of departure from non-normality, definition of power, and magnitude of the multivariate effect size.
Modeling Incomplete Longitudinal Data, Hakan Demirtas
Modeling Incomplete Longitudinal Data, Hakan Demirtas
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
This article presents a review of popular parametric, semiparametric and ad-hoc approaches for analyzing incomplete longitudinal data.
Variance Stabilizing Power Transformation For Time Series, Victor M. Guerrero, Rafael Perera
Variance Stabilizing Power Transformation For Time Series, Victor M. Guerrero, Rafael Perera
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
A confidence interval was derived for the index of a power transformation that stabilizes the variance of a time-series. The process starts from a model-independent procedure that minimizes a coefficient of variation to yield a point estimate of the transformation index. The confidence coefficient of the interval is calibrated through a simulation.
Size And Power Of The Reset Test As Applied To Systems Of Equations: A Bootstrap Approach, Ghazi Shukur, Panagiotis Mantalos
Size And Power Of The Reset Test As Applied To Systems Of Equations: A Bootstrap Approach, Ghazi Shukur, Panagiotis Mantalos
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The size and power of various generalization of the RESET test for functional misspecification are investigated, using the “Bootsrap critical values”, in systems ranging from one to ten equations. The properties of 8 versions of the test are studied using Monte Carlo methods. The results are then compared with another study of Shukur and Edgerton (2002), in which they used the asymptotic critical values instead and found that in general only one version of the tests works well regarding size properties. In our study, when applying the bootstrap critical values, we find that all the tests exhibits correct size even …
Type I Error Rates For A One Factor Within-Subjects Design With Missing Values, Miguel A. Padilla, James Algina
Type I Error Rates For A One Factor Within-Subjects Design With Missing Values, Miguel A. Padilla, James Algina
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Missing data are a common problem in educational research. A promising technique, that can be implemented in SAS PROC MIXED and is therefore widely available, is to use maximum likelihood to estimate model parameters and base hypothesis tests on these estimates. However, it is not clear which test statistic in PROC MIXED performs better with missing data. The performance of the Hotelling- Lawley-McKeon and Kenward-Roger omnibus test statistics on the means for a single factor withinsubject ANOVA are compared. The results indicate that the Kenward-Roger statistic performed better in terms of keeping the Type I error close to the nominal …
Interval Estimation For The Scale Parameter Of Burr Type X Distribution Based On Grouped Data, Amjad D. Al-Nasser, Ayman Baklizi
Interval Estimation For The Scale Parameter Of Burr Type X Distribution Based On Grouped Data, Amjad D. Al-Nasser, Ayman Baklizi
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The application of some bootstrap type intervals for the scale parameter of the Burr type X distribution with grouped data is proposed. The general asymptotic confidence interval procedure (Chen & Mi, 2001) is studied. The performance of these intervals is investigated and compared. Some of the bootstrap intervals give better performance for situations of small sample size and heavy censoring.
Pseudo-Random Number Generation In R For Commonly Used Multivariate Distributions, Hakan Demirtas
Pseudo-Random Number Generation In R For Commonly Used Multivariate Distributions, Hakan Demirtas
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
An increasing number of practitioners and applied statisticians have started using the R programming system in recent years for their computing and data analysis needs. As far as pseudo-random number generation is concerned, the built-in generator in R does not contain multivariate distributions. In this article, R routines for widely used multivariate distributions are presented.
An Algorithm And Code For Computing Exact Critical Values For The Kruskal-Wallis Nonparametric One-Way Anova, Sikha Bagui, Subhash Bagui
An Algorithm And Code For Computing Exact Critical Values For The Kruskal-Wallis Nonparametric One-Way Anova, Sikha Bagui, Subhash Bagui
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
In this article, an algorithm and code to compute exact critical values (or percentiles) for Kruskal-Wallis test on k independent treatment populations with equal or unequal sample sizes using Visual Basic (VB.NET) is provided. This program has the ability to calculate critical values for any k , sample sizes (ni ) , and significance level (α ) . An exact critical value table for k = 4 is also developed. The table will be useful to practitioners since it is not available in standard nonparametric statistics texts. The program can also be used to compute any other …
Aligned Rank Tests As Robust Alternatives For Testing Interactions In Multiple Group Repeated Measures Designs With Heterogeneous Covariances, Xiaosheng Lei, Janet K. Holt, T. Mark Beasley
Aligned Rank Tests As Robust Alternatives For Testing Interactions In Multiple Group Repeated Measures Designs With Heterogeneous Covariances, Xiaosheng Lei, Janet K. Holt, T. Mark Beasley
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Data simulation was used to investigate whether tests performed on aligned ranks (Beasley, 2002) could be used as robust alternatives to parametric methods for testing a split-plot interaction with non-normal data and heterogeneous covariance matrices. Results indicated the aligned rank method do not have any distinct advantage over parametric methods in this situation.
Multivariate And Multistrata Nonparametric Tests: The Nonparametric Combination Method, Livio Corain, Luigi Salmaso
Multivariate And Multistrata Nonparametric Tests: The Nonparametric Combination Method, Livio Corain, Luigi Salmaso
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Researchers and practitioners in many scientific disciplines and industrial fields are often faced with complex problems when dealing with comparisons between two or more groups using classical parametric methods. The data arising from real problems rarely are in agreement with stringent parametric assumptions. The NonParametric Combination (NPC) methodology frees the researcher from stringent assumptions of parametric methods and allows a more flexible analysis, both in terms of specification of multivariate hypotheses and in terms of the nature of the variables involved in the analysis. An outline of NPC methodology is given, along with case studies.
Statistics And Technology: Reflections On 35 Years Of Change, James J. Higgins
Statistics And Technology: Reflections On 35 Years Of Change, James J. Higgins
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
From the days when statistical calculations were done on mechanical calculators to today, technology has transformed the discipline of statistics. More than just giving statisticians the power to crunch numbers, it has fundamentally changed the way we teach, do research, and consult. In this article, I give some examples of this from my 35 years as an academic statistician.
A Conversation With R. Clifford Blair On The Occasion Of His Retirement, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky
A Conversation With R. Clifford Blair On The Occasion Of His Retirement, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
An interview was conducted on 23 November 2003 with R. Clifford Blair on the occasion on his retirement from the University of South Florida. This article is based on that interview. Biographical sketches and images of members of his academic genealogy are provided.
On Comparison Of Hypothesis Tests In The Bayesian Framework Without Loss Function, Vladimir Gercsik, Mark Kelbert
On Comparison Of Hypothesis Tests In The Bayesian Framework Without Loss Function, Vladimir Gercsik, Mark Kelbert
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The problem is how to compare the quality of different hypothesis tests in a Bayesian framework without introducing a loss function. Three different linear orders on the set of all possible hypothesis tests are studied. The most natural order estimates the Fisher information between indicators of event and decision.
A New Goodness-Of-Fit Test For Item Response Theory, John H. Neel
A New Goodness-Of-Fit Test For Item Response Theory, John H. Neel
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Chi-square techniques for testing goodness-of-fit in item response theory are shown to give incorrect results. A new measure, CB, based on cumulants is proposed which avoids the arbitrary nature of interval creation found in chi-square techniques. The distribution of CB is estimated using Monte Carlo techniques and critical values for testing goodness-of-fit are given.
Monte Carlo Evaluation Of Ordinal D With Improved Confidence Interval, Du Feng, Norman Cliff
Monte Carlo Evaluation Of Ordinal D With Improved Confidence Interval, Du Feng, Norman Cliff
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
This article reports a Monte Carlo evaluation of ordinal statistic d with modified confidence intervals (CI) for location comparison of two independent groups under various conditions. Type I error rate, power, and coverage of CI of d were compared to those of the Welch's t-test.
On A Simple Method For Analyzing Multivariate Survival Data Using Sample Survey Methods, Pingfu Fu, J. Sunil Rao
On A Simple Method For Analyzing Multivariate Survival Data Using Sample Survey Methods, Pingfu Fu, J. Sunil Rao
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
A simple technique is illustrated for analyzing multivariate survival data. The data situation arises when an individual records multiple survival events, or when individuals recording single survival events are grouped into clusters. Past work has focused on developing new methods to handle such data. Here, we use a connection between Poisson regression and survival modeling and a cluster sampling approach to adjust the variance estimates. The approach requires parametric assumption for the marginal hazard function, but avoids specification of a joint multivariate survival distribution. A simulation study demonstrates the proposed approach is a competing method of recent developed marginal approaches …
A Note On Extending Scheffé’S Modified Multiple-Comparison Procedure To Other Analysis Situations, Xinyue Zhou, Joel R. Levin
A Note On Extending Scheffé’S Modified Multiple-Comparison Procedure To Other Analysis Situations, Xinyue Zhou, Joel R. Levin
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
This article extends Scheffé’s modified (sequential) multiple-comparison procedure in one-way analysisof- variance to other analysis situations, including interaction comparisons in factorial ANOVA designs, tests of partial regression coefficients in multiple-regression analysis, and comparisons of means in onefactor multivariate analyses of variance. Researchers who are concerned with maintaining familywise Type I error rates while increasing statistical power relative to the original (simultaneous) Scheffé-based procedures are encouraged to consider these improved multiple-comparison methods.
The President’S Problem, Jann-Huei Jinn
The President’S Problem, Jann-Huei Jinn
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
A solution is offered in response to a complex combination problem challenged by Blom, Englund, and Sandell (1998). The problem is to determine the probability that a random permutation of the word BILLCLINTON has no equal neighbors.
A Modification Of The Em Algorithm To Estimate An Andersen-Gill Gamma Frailty Model For Multivariate Failure Time Data, Maria Antònia Barceló, Marc Saez
A Modification Of The Em Algorithm To Estimate An Andersen-Gill Gamma Frailty Model For Multivariate Failure Time Data, Maria Antònia Barceló, Marc Saez
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
A modification of the Andersen-Gill gamma shared frailty model is presented. The variance of the frailty is directly modeled by means of a generalized linear model, the EM algorithm is modified in order to simultaneously estimate a semiparametric model for the failure times and a model for the variance of the frailty. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm (EMB algorithm) and compared with other methods, a marginal model, and a conditional model. Multivariate data from a nosocomial infection study is used to illustrate the methods. The EMB fit turned out to be better …
Mentoring Doctoral Students: A Personal Perspective, Bruce W. Hall
Mentoring Doctoral Students: A Personal Perspective, Bruce W. Hall
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
In this brief essay, I reflect on the mentoring process based on advising over thirty doctoral students in measurement, evaluation, and research. There is considerable cause for optimism, and it is among the professors’ highest honor to mentor the doctoral student.
“Teaching” In Honor Of Cliff Blair, Howard Stoker
“Teaching” In Honor Of Cliff Blair, Howard Stoker
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
In this article, I conceptualize teaching as the profession of facilitating and stimulating learning. As “teachers”, we help students acquire learning skills that they may expand on later in their life. I review fifteen principles that facilitate effective learning.
Depth Based Permutation Test For General Differences In Two Multivariate Populations, Yonghong Gao
Depth Based Permutation Test For General Differences In Two Multivariate Populations, Yonghong Gao
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
For two p-dimensional data sets, interest exists in testing if they come from the common population distribution. Proposed is a practical, effective and easy to implement procedure for the testing problem. The proposed procedure is a permutation test based on the concept of the depth of one observation relative to some population distribution. The proposed test is demonstrated to be consistent. A small Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to evaluate the power of the proposed test. The proposed test is applied to some numerical examples.
Meta-Analysis Of Results And Individual Patient Data In Epidemiologal Studies, Aurelio Tobías, Marc Saez, Manolis Kogevinas
Meta-Analysis Of Results And Individual Patient Data In Epidemiologal Studies, Aurelio Tobías, Marc Saez, Manolis Kogevinas
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Epidemiological information can be aggregated by combining results through a meta-analysis technique, or by pooling and analyzing primary data. Common approaches to analyzing pooled studies through an example on the effect of occupational exposure to wood dust on sinonasal cancer are described. Results were combined applying a meta-analysis technique. Alternatively, primary data from all studies were pooled and re-analyzed using mixed effect models. The combination of individual information rather than results is desirable to facilitate interpretations of epidemiological findings, leading also to more precise estimations and more powerful statistical tests for study heterogeneity.
Statistical Pronouncements Iii, Jmasm Editors
Statistical Pronouncements Iii, Jmasm Editors
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
No abstract provided.
Multivariate Location: Robust Estimators And Inference, Rand R. Wilcox, H. J. Keselman
Multivariate Location: Robust Estimators And Inference, Rand R. Wilcox, H. J. Keselman
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
The sample mean can have poor efficiency relative to various alternative estimators under arbitrarily small departures from normality. In the multivariate case, (affine equivariant) estimators have been proposed for dealing with this problem, but a comparison of various estimators by Massé and Plante (2003) indicated that the small-sample efficiency of some recently derived methods is rather poor. This article reports that a skipped mean, where outliers are removed via a projection-type outlier detection method, is found to be more satisfactory. The more obvious method for computing a confidence region based on the skipped estimator (using a slight modification of the …
A Comparison Of Methods For Longitudinal Analysis With Missing Data, James Algina, H. J. Keselman
A Comparison Of Methods For Longitudinal Analysis With Missing Data, James Algina, H. J. Keselman
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
In a longitudinal two-group randomized trials design, also referred to as randomized parallel-groups design or split-plot repeated measures design, the important hypothesis of interest is whether there are differential rates of change over time, that is, whether there is a group by time interaction. Several analytic methods have been presented in the literature for testing this important hypothesis when data are incomplete. We studied these methods for the case in which the missing data pattern is non-monotone. In agreement with earlier work on monotone missing data patterns, our results on bias, sampling variability, Type I error and power support the …