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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 8852
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
An Analysis Of New York State Education Funding As It Relates To Minority Student Achievement, Linda Elizabeth Macias
An Analysis Of New York State Education Funding As It Relates To Minority Student Achievement, Linda Elizabeth Macias
Theses and Dissertations
he purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative study was to explore the relationship between New York State education funding for public school districts, the academic achievement of Black and Latinx students, and educational opportunity gaps that may result from a lack of access to Advanced Placement courses. These relationships were assessed with multiple linear regressions using the variables of student enrollment rates by race, English and math proficiency scores, the number of Advanced Placement, and levels of state education funding per district. The data were obtained from New York State Education Department financial reporting. The problem addressed by this study was …
A Person-Centered Approach To The Mediating Effect Of Attention On Personality Similarity And Preference Using Eye-Tracking Technology, Gabriel Jose Sanchez
A Person-Centered Approach To The Mediating Effect Of Attention On Personality Similarity And Preference Using Eye-Tracking Technology, Gabriel Jose Sanchez
Theses and Dissertations
Similarity between personality traits has been observed to be predictive of preference and desirability in social relationships in various situations. Much of the research has approached detecting personality similarity on a trait-specific level using the Five Factor Model of personality or more recently by grouping individual personalities into clustered profiles using latent profile analysis. This study of 93 participants took a person-centered approach by detecting individual differences between participants’ personality profiles and target person profiles using Euclidean distance as a dissimilarity index. We then proposed attention as a mediating factor behind the observed association between personality similarity and preference. Using …
The Association Between Cognitive Flexibility, Childhood Adversity Exposure, And Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms, Emilie Paul
Theses and Dissertations
Adversity exposure in childhood is associated with greater risk for developing internalizing and externalizing problems throughout childhood and adolescence (Henry et al., 2021). Adversity exposure may confer risk by impacting executive function, including reduced cognitive flexibility, due to the neurobiological consequences of increased stress hormone exposure (Kavanaugh et al., 2017). Previous research has linked adversity exposure to reduced cognitive flexibility in youth (Kavanaugh et al., 2017). Lower cognitive flexibility is also associated with internalizing and externalizing problems including depression, anxiety, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in youth and adults (Patwardhan et al., 2021; Stange et al., 2017; Braenden et al., …
A Plan-Do-Study-Act To Decrease Time Spent On Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure, Alexandra Ramlall
A Plan-Do-Study-Act To Decrease Time Spent On Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure, Alexandra Ramlall
Theses and Dissertations
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) is a form of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) typically employed as a bridging treatment in hospital settings. Research shows that prolonged BIPAP use can be associated with reduced patient satisfaction and adverse consequences. The purpose of this study was to reduce days spent on BiPAP to improve the quality of patient care. To address the issue of the length of time (LOT) patients spend on BiPAP at New York Presbyterian-Queens (NYP-Q), a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) intervention was implemented. The intervention involved repeated PDSA cycles with modifications from 2015 to 2019. The results of the intervention indicated that …
Electrochemical Investigations Of Polyvalent Vs Monovalent Binding On Dna Sensors And Synthesis Of Dna Oligonucleotides Capable Of Oxidative Crosslinking, Jeremy David Mendez
Electrochemical Investigations Of Polyvalent Vs Monovalent Binding On Dna Sensors And Synthesis Of Dna Oligonucleotides Capable Of Oxidative Crosslinking, Jeremy David Mendez
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes two projects: i) experiments aimed at electrochemically differentiating polyvalent binding and monovalent binding of “DNA stars” on gold electrodes ii) experiments to synthesize DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of crosslinking under electrochemical control. We describe the design, synthesis and purification of “DNA stars”, and their binding to gold electrodes displaying complementary strands functionalized with a “redox reporter”, methylene blue. Square wave voltammetry was utilized to compare the effect of binding of complementary strand and various DNA stars. Though we were able to distinguish the binding of complementary strand and DNA stars, we could not conclusively state this …
What Psychotherapy Dose Is Good-Enough? Comparing Theoretical Models By Weeks And Sessions, Ashley Rottkamp
What Psychotherapy Dose Is Good-Enough? Comparing Theoretical Models By Weeks And Sessions, Ashley Rottkamp
Theses and Dissertations
To determine optimal psychotherapy doses, researchers commonly rely on one of two competing theories, the Dose-Effect (DE) or the Good-Enough Level (GEL) models, to guide their research. Which model one selects is clinically meaningful, as the models have conflicting evidentiary support. Thus, it is essential to ascertain which theoretical model best fits empirical data. The present study compares the applicability and fit of the DE and GEL theories using total sessions and weeks in treatment as predictors within a community-based, unlimited-duration psychotherapy clinic. Significant determinants of treatment success were investigated. Adult participants’ symptomatology was periodically assessed using the Outcome Questionnaire …
School-Based Professionals’ Perceptions Of Modifications To Social-Emotional Learning For Students With Adhd And Asd, Alissa Pellegrino
School-Based Professionals’ Perceptions Of Modifications To Social-Emotional Learning For Students With Adhd And Asd, Alissa Pellegrino
Theses and Dissertations
Social-emotional learning (SEL) curriculums help children learn and develop foundational skills related to self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision making (CASEL, 2022). There are long-term positive outcomes of SEL in terms of academic achievement, motivation, mental health, self-discipline, emotion regulation abilities, and communication skills (Jones et al., 2015; Steed et al., 2022). Unfortunately, most SEL programs are designed with the neurotypical child in mind (New York State Department of Education, 2022). Students with neurological differences such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have inherent deficits in various social and emotional skill areas, including …
Deliberate Practice To Improve Behavioral Parent Training Skills Among Clinical Trainees, Olivia Anne Walsh
Deliberate Practice To Improve Behavioral Parent Training Skills Among Clinical Trainees, Olivia Anne Walsh
Theses and Dissertations
Deliberate practice (DP) is a method in which structured activities are done to specifically improve performance in a given domain. Training programs, like DP, can incorporate different learning experiences to assist trainees in developing not only competency but improving client outcomes in specific therapies, like behavioral parent training (BPT). The current study examined the impact of an online-simulated DP training component on the competency among trainees, and parent-reported child outcomes after brief, virtual BPT. Eight trainees/parents were randomly assigned to the intervention group or comparison group. All trainees received didactics in BPT, with the intervention group receiving additional DP training …
Making Sense Of Chaos: Populism In The United States And The Crisis Of Modernity, Juan David Halberstadt-Velasco
Making Sense Of Chaos: Populism In The United States And The Crisis Of Modernity, Juan David Halberstadt-Velasco
Theses and Dissertations
In 2016, Donald Trump achieved a surprising victory in the general election, despite a series of scandals that would have ended any other politician’s career. In the aftermath of the election, Trump’s base has shown steady support and borderline devotion to the president despite scandals, criminal indictments, and a double impeachment. Why? This research seeks to elucidate the sources of Trump’s apparent political infallibility by using the theoretical framework generated by Eric Voegelin. Voegelin’s perspective allows the identification of two main sources of support for Trumpism: blue collar industrial workers who have seen a decline in their economic prospects due …
Reevaluating Positive Freedom Through The Philosophy Of Amartya Sen With A Focus On Education As A Catalyst For Freedom, Emilie Mathilde Vesten Haakansson
Reevaluating Positive Freedom Through The Philosophy Of Amartya Sen With A Focus On Education As A Catalyst For Freedom, Emilie Mathilde Vesten Haakansson
Theses and Dissertations
Education has since ancient times been used as a societal tool to develop and cultivate society’s individuals into participating members. Education which is considered a fundamental human right also holds potential transformative power to enable and empower individuals to exercise their freedom to create a life that aligns with their own values, ideas and goals. However, how effective an educational system can be, ultimately depends on the accessibility and quality of the education as well as the overall system the educational institutions operate in. This thesis explores how education can function as a catalyst for furthering individuals’ freedom through a …
Poverty And Inequality: A New Deal For America’S Most Disadvantaged Communities, Thomas St. Hilaire
Poverty And Inequality: A New Deal For America’S Most Disadvantaged Communities, Thomas St. Hilaire
Theses and Dissertations
The United States, often hailed as the most affluent nation globally, paradoxically grapples with rates of poverty, disadvantage, and inequality that surpass those of its advanced democratic counterparts. The persistence of poverty and inequality in the United States have often been justified by beliefs of welfare dependency, “free market” thinking and utilitarianism. This master's thesis explores the far-reaching moral, political, and economic consequences of America’s high rates of poverty and inequality. It contends that federal action is urgently needed on more robust social programs that target poverty, such as affordable housing, accessible healthcare, greater worker protections, and deepened social capital …
Developmental Differences In Disability Evaluations With English Learners: Are Psychologists Considering Them?, Erick Bienvenido Díaz
Developmental Differences In Disability Evaluations With English Learners: Are Psychologists Considering Them?, Erick Bienvenido Díaz
Theses and Dissertations
The main purpose of this pilot study was to explore the rate and extent to which school psychologists are considering different developmental, linguistic, and environmental factors of English Learners. The sample of this study included coding bilingual psychoeducational evaluations (N=120) for such factors using the D-STPGE scale as a guide to explore the consideration of each factor. The pool of reports included bilingual psychoeducational, educational, and neuropsychological evaluation for bilingual (Spanish) children between kindergarten and 6th grade. The procedures of this research include understanding the frequency of each reported construct paired with a chi-square legacy test to explore if the …
The Impact Of Perceived Job Satisfaction, Motivational Attitudes, And Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Analysis Between Special Education Teachers Employed In Public Versus Private Schools, David Haimovich
Theses and Dissertations
During and after the Covid-19 pandemic, a high turnover rate of PreK-12 special education teachers continues to persist. To ensure all students with disabilities receive equitable access to a special education teacher, turnover intentions among private school teachers require further insight due to a long-standing gap in research. Using the theoretical frameworks of Herzberg’s (1959) Two-Factor Theory and Meyer & Allen’s (1997) Three-Component Model of Commitment, this non-experimental correlational study examined the influence of six demographic factors related to teachers’ perceptions of job satisfaction, motivational attitudes, and organizational commitment among special education teachers employed in PreK-12 suburban schools in the …
A Comparison Of Low-Intensity Cbt Programs: Evaluating The Effects Of Design On Rebt Interventions, Alexey Dantes Breuss
A Comparison Of Low-Intensity Cbt Programs: Evaluating The Effects Of Design On Rebt Interventions, Alexey Dantes Breuss
Theses and Dissertations
Low-Intensity CBT interventions have become more popular over the years due to the expanding use of the internet and technology. A particular subset of Low-Intensity CBT, phone-based apps, have become more available on app-stores. The research literature on phone-based apps has not kept up in pace in comparison to the development of new applications. This leaves the quality and efficacy of such apps to be left untested. Furthermore, most applications are dominated by a Beck’s Cognitive Therapy (CT) approach, with more Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) apps on the horizon. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) has been largely neglected within the …
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Psychosocial Interventions For Early Childhood Problems, Ages 0-5, Hara Stephanou
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Psychosocial Interventions For Early Childhood Problems, Ages 0-5, Hara Stephanou
Theses and Dissertations
Early childhood consists of important developmental milestones, including the acquisition of daily living skills, including toileting, feeding, and sleep. While previous reviews have focused on interventions for some childhood problems, no single study has broadly assessed interventions across common presenting problems in children ages 0-5. This study systematically reviewed 41 studies on interventions for externalizing (23 studies), internalizing (3), sleep (11), feeding (3), and toileting (1) using meta-analytic methods where applicable. Overall, externalizing interventions were effective (TX1 Hedges' g = -.60; TX2 g = -.51) and largely homogeneous. Individual interventions reduced externalizing behaviors more than group or self-guided interventions (TX1 …
From The Deceptive Delinquent To The Illusive Illicit Alien: A Qualitative Study Of 21st Century United States Border Security Law Enforcement’S Capabilities, Competencies, And Capacities Designed To Counter Transient Criminality Recruitment, Christopher C. Palme
Theses and Dissertations
The transient criminal enterprise progressively evolved through expansion of illicit trafficking pathways throughout the 21st century. Scholars and practitioners share roles and responsibilities in missed opportunities to combat transient criminality. The Intelligence Community’s intelligence process is deficient in timely production and dissemination of their products. Starting with the transient criminality recruitment process, a correlated lack of psychosocial training programs dedicated to countering the transient crime threat exists. This study is rooted in sociological theory. It addresses Homeland Security dilemmas through the theoretical lens of sociology of security (Bajc, 2013) and is enhanced by concepts from Social Identity (Tajfel, 1979), Social …
Broadcasting Bombs: Classifying Antecedent Behaviors And Strategizing Preventative Tactics In Lone-Actor Terrorists And Mass-Murderers, Julia Varvaro
Broadcasting Bombs: Classifying Antecedent Behaviors And Strategizing Preventative Tactics In Lone-Actor Terrorists And Mass-Murderers, Julia Varvaro
Theses and Dissertations
The modern notion of a socially isolated lone-wolf terrorist and public mass- murderer is challenged by analyzing those individuals’ pre-attack behaviors. Many of these behaviors can be explained with theories such as Social Identity, Social Network, and Social Movement Theory, which examine the changes in human behavior to understand motivations. Properly classifying certain behaviors in a radicalized individual could help identify potential risk factors indicating an impending attack, prompting better responses, and solutions to strategize tactics and policies in preventing terrorism. Using existing literature and theory as the basis, this dissertation will examine common broadcasting behaviors of individuals who have …
A Longitudinal Examination Of The Relations Between Racial Discrimination And Executive Function, Aldona Chorzepa
A Longitudinal Examination Of The Relations Between Racial Discrimination And Executive Function, Aldona Chorzepa
Theses and Dissertations
Discrimination has been linked to changes in executive function. This relationship may explain links between discrimination and adverse health and mental health outcomes, including depression, substance use, and health behavior. To date, the research examining this question has been limited, as the majority of studies reviewed employed experimental manipulations for discrimination exposure and tested acute same-day effects in the lab. Clarifying the extent to which exposure to discrimination impacts executive function over time in young adults is crucial to identifying opportunities for intervention. The current study evaluates the relations of both recent and lifetime exposure to racial discrimination to three …
Impact Of Implicit Racial Bias On Students Of African Descent In Predominately White Institutions, Edwin Mathieu
Impact Of Implicit Racial Bias On Students Of African Descent In Predominately White Institutions, Edwin Mathieu
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated how implicit racial bias influences the perceptions of students of African descent in predominately White colleges (PWIs) in the United States (U.S.). The theoretical framework for the study is critical race theory (CRT). CRT challenges racial indifference by exposing how racial advances often come at the cost of promoting or feeding into White self-interests (Patton et al., 2007). This non-experimental quantitative study examined how GPA, the number of credits earned, gender, race, and campus culture impact students of African descent’s perceptions of culturally implicit racial bias. It used Asian, Hispanic, and White students as a comparison group. …
Practice Patterns And Medical Provider Perceptions Of Ketamine In The Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Survey, Amna M. Aslam
Practice Patterns And Medical Provider Perceptions Of Ketamine In The Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Survey, Amna M. Aslam
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impacts society, with a prevalence of 8.4% in the U.S., highlighting the need for effective treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, while not FDA-approved for TRD, shows promise in treating mental health disorders and is used in specialized clinics, though evidence of effectiveness is scarce. Objectives: This study investigates the use of off-label ketamine for TRD and other disorders, focusing on ketamine clinic operations where the drug is administered, treatment methods, patient characteristics, and ketamine's impact on psychiatric care, from providers' perspectives. Methods: The survey was distributed to over 1,000 ketamine providers across the …
Change In Rape Myth Acceptance As A Function Of Sexual Assault Experiences: A Prospective Analysis, Danielle Suzanne Citera
Change In Rape Myth Acceptance As A Function Of Sexual Assault Experiences: A Prospective Analysis, Danielle Suzanne Citera
Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, one in five women reports experiencing sexual assault while in college. Rape myths, or stereotypical beliefs that serve to blame survivors (i.e., “She Asked For It” and “She Lied”) and exonerate sexual assault perpetrators (“He Didn’t Mean To”), may influence how women conceptualize their own sexual assault experiences and relatedly, their post-assault functioning. Several demographic characteristics, including race and ethnicity, generational status, education level, sexual orientation, and religiosity, have been found to be associated with rape myth acceptance (RMA). Researchers have reported mixed findings, however, regarding the association between sexual assault history and RMA. This study …
Development Of A Repeatable Overnight Memory Task To Study The Effect Of Nocturnal Seizures On Memory, Nahal Destiny Heydari
Development Of A Repeatable Overnight Memory Task To Study The Effect Of Nocturnal Seizures On Memory, Nahal Destiny Heydari
Theses and Dissertations
Memory impairment is a common comorbidity of epilepsy, particularly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for whom the hippocampus and surrounding memory-dependent regions are directly involved in seizure activity. Sleep is known to facilitate memory consolidation processes; however, whether, or the extent to which, nocturnal seizures disrupt memory processes in TLE is unknown. Investigating the effect of nocturnal seizures on memory requires a task designed to assess memory in the morning for material learned the evening before a period of sleep, ideally over multiple days. Accordingly, we have created a psychometrically sound, word paired-associates (WPA) memory task with five …
Coping With The Covid-19 Pandemic: Examining Meaning-Making In A Socioecological Framework, Emilia Eva Mikrut
Coping With The Covid-19 Pandemic: Examining Meaning-Making In A Socioecological Framework, Emilia Eva Mikrut
Theses and Dissertations
During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a threatening, unpredictable, and uncontrollable stressor. Meaning-making, or one’s ability to make sense of a stressful life event, integrate the event into one’s narrative of the world and meaning in life, and accordingly revise life goals, is a salient intrapsychic process contributing to psychological adjustment in the face of very stressful or traumatic experiences such as chronic health issues, interpersonal grief, and natural and man-made disasters. Early findings provide evidence for the critical role of meaning-making in coping with stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though meaning-making is a universal process, one’s capacity …
Association Between Caregiver And Child Symptom Change In Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Tohar Scheininger
Association Between Caregiver And Child Symptom Change In Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Tohar Scheininger
Theses and Dissertations
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is one of the most empirically supported interventions for treating children’s posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other behavior problems. Caregivers are involved in treatment and improve in their own symptoms during TF-CBT. Research suggests that caregivers’ and children’s outcomes may be interrelated in trauma-focused interventions, and that children’s posttraumatic stress is mediated by decreases in caregivers internalizing symptomatology. There are numerous limitations to existing literature, including the limited direction of the mediations and the consideration of only internalizing symptoms in mediations. This study aimed to prospectively examine how changes in caregivers’ negative affectivity mediate changes in …
Paresthesia Due To Peripheral Neuropathy: Anxiety And Wellbeing, Nikolas Cirillo
Paresthesia Due To Peripheral Neuropathy: Anxiety And Wellbeing, Nikolas Cirillo
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Neuropathic pain has been linked with mental health concerns such as anxiety and wellbeing, but specific symptoms of neuropathic pain have had much less attention than the construct as a whole. Paresthesia, meaning “abnormal sensation” (tingling, numbness, pins and needles, impaired sensation, and itching) is a neuropathic pain symptom. Tissue compression is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy (PN) as well as paresthesia. This study aimed to test the following hypotheses: (1) if paresthesia due to PN is positively correlated with anxiety, negatively correlated with wellbeing, and if (2) anxiety and (3) wellbeing varied significantly by level of …
School Psychologists’ Training, Engagement, And Legislative Involvement In Return To Learn Procedures For Students With A Mtbi, Jessie Marie Beshara
School Psychologists’ Training, Engagement, And Legislative Involvement In Return To Learn Procedures For Students With A Mtbi, Jessie Marie Beshara
Theses and Dissertations
Concussions, or mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), are increasingly affecting school-age children in the United States. Despite this rising incidence, comprehensive return-to-learn plans for affected students are often inadequate and not utilized to the degree needed. This deficiency may stem from school psychologists' insufficient training, knowledge, and awareness regarding how to support these students effectively. This is further impacted by school psychologists’ exclusion in legislation or school district policies addressing concussion management, specifically in mandated professional development training. This is despite being recognized as essential members of the concussion management team (CMT). This study aimed to investigate school psychologists' familiarity …
Towards A Theory Of Sobriety Barriers: The Development Of A Novel Measure Of Alcohol Sobriety Barriers, Lindsay L. Arader
Towards A Theory Of Sobriety Barriers: The Development Of A Novel Measure Of Alcohol Sobriety Barriers, Lindsay L. Arader
Theses and Dissertations
At present, there is no formal theory of barriers to sobriety from alcohol, and subsequently no standardized way to assess such barriers in the population. The goal of the current study was to formalize both a sobriety barriers theory and sobriety barriers measure via psychometric analysis. Researchers designed a sobriety barriers theory based on available literature, generated a multidimensional item-set representing this theory, administered the item-set to a sample of 1,187 respondents (56.4% female), and evaluated the extent to which the structure and contents of the item-set corresponded to the proposed theory using psychometric analysis. Structural analyses revealed a bifactor …
Comparison Of Professional Impressions Of Hikikomori Across Cultures: A Secondary Data Analysis, Marko Lamela
Comparison Of Professional Impressions Of Hikikomori Across Cultures: A Secondary Data Analysis, Marko Lamela
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the impressions of two hikikomori vignettes by professionals across different countries to determine possible similarities or differences across countries. Originally viewed as a cultural disorder, hikikomori has been observed in different countries. This study used an existing data set of a 2010 study to review diagnostic impressions using the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR coding systems, as well as a free response. Additionally, this study reviewed professional impressions on the best treatment for hikikomori. This study reviewed these responses based on country of origin and cultural type. A correlation was found between ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, country, and cultural …
Change In Blame Attributions As A Mediator Of Symptom Reduction In Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Michelle Cusumano
Change In Blame Attributions As A Mediator Of Symptom Reduction In Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Michelle Cusumano
Theses and Dissertations
Youth exposed to interpersonal violence often develop maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions about the event(s), the world, and themselves. These maladaptive cognitions have robust associations with onset and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and internalizing symptoms (Mitchell et al., 2017). Growing literature suggests changes in cognitions, particularly appraisals about control, vulnerability, and personal change following trauma exposure, serve as a mechanism of change in trauma-specific psychotherapy interventions for youth (Meiser-Stedman et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2007). Little research has examined change in blame attributions as a mediator of treatment outcome, despite their importance in understanding how youth process their trauma …
Identity Denial And Food Choice: Do Chinese Americans Reassert Their American Identity Through Food?, Shelagh Mahbubani
Identity Denial And Food Choice: Do Chinese Americans Reassert Their American Identity Through Food?, Shelagh Mahbubani
Theses and Dissertations
Food choice is impacted by a variety of different factors, including cultural, social and socioeconomic (Chen & Antonelli, 2020; Contento, 2008; Rozin, 2015). Food choice has a major impact on an individual’s health, and research has shown an association between the prototypical “American diet” and an increased risk for health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and stroke (Liu et al., 2020). One important social factor that can influence food choice is the desire to appear as a prototypical member of a social group (Cruwys et al., 2012). For example, when an individual’s social identity is questioned (identity threat), they may …