Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

An Investigation Of The Instructional Communicator Style Expectations Of Nontraditional And Traditional Male And Female Undergraduate Students, Chryl Irvine Snyder

Masters Theses

Increasing numbers of nontraditional students, many of them women, are enrolling in college and university classes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the instructional communicator style expectations of nontraditional and traditional male and female undergraduate students. Students were asked to rate their own preferences on a variety of items designed to reflect instructional communicator styles. The researcher looked for differences in student expectations of their "ideal teachers" based on age and sex.

Nontraditional students rated the precise style of instructional communication higher than the traditional students who gave higher ratings to the friendly, open, dominant, and contentious styles. …

Vantage Level Analysis: A Potential Tool For Reducing Conflict In A Labor Union, Pamela S.F. Shevchik

Masters Theses

Intra-group conflict among employees can cause a break in the organizational communication which could affect productivity. A major problem is locating the specific disagreements among the coworkers to find the source of conflict and increase the likelihood that a basis for reducing conflict can be found.

This study used the Gilbert (1978) vantage level analysis as a method of sorting agreements and disagreements in a conflicting labor union. The setting was a clerical union in a public school system which was subdivided into three conflicting subgroups. There were 70 female support personnel involved. Data collected demonstrated that it is possible …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Participation, Expected Payment, And No Expected Payment On Clerical Performance, James Theodore Austin

Masters Theses

Seventeen psychology students participated in a group comparison of the effects of participative decision making, defined as subject decision making in three areas of the experiment, expected payment, and no expected payment on performance of a repetitive scanning task. Measures of performance quantity and quality were assessed directly, while satisfaction and manipulation checks were evaluated via selfreport. Clerical pretest scores were used as covariates in an analysis of covariance, which revealed no significant differences on the quantity dimension but-highly significant differences (p = .03) for quality (error) performance. The findings, which may have been biased by an experimenter "instruction" effect, …

Performance Feedback And Its Relationship To Goal Setting, Douglas A. Nicola

Masters Theses

This study illustrated the effect of information feedback and goal setting on production efficiency. Two male machine operators (ages 29 and 54) working on a low efficiency press were selected for the study. Operators were initially given efficiency information following individual production runs. The next phase involved providing efficiency information and a request that they set efficiency goals for each run. These goals were noted by the researcher and compared with the actual results. In a final phase, high efficiency goals were prompted by the researcher, compared to actual results, and shown to the subjects following each run. Results showed …

The Design And Evaluation Of An Information System For Assessing Performance Appraisal Practices, James Michael Naughton

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Dissemination Of Research Reports And Other Publications To Social Workers, Susan Whitelaw Downs

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The author analyzes the response of social workers to a national materials dissemination effort. The publications advocated program innovations based on research and evaluation of a demonstration project. Questions addressed are: do social workers order material based on their occupational category, and are they more likely to order materials if they also receive personal contact in the form of workshops and consultation. Other findings related to this dissemination of materials effort are also described.

The Design, Field Test, And Description Of A Model For Collaborative Long-Range Community Planning, Ozzie D. Parks

Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to design and field test a model for collaborative long-range community planning. A model was designed on the basis of research found in the literature, tested in a community setting, and evaluated regarding its effectiveness.

The problem delineated for the study was the lack of collaborative long-range planning in our society, particularly at the community level. A review of the literature in this field indicated that although long-range planning is considered to be important, it is seldom practiced successfully. The study's response to the problem was to design and field test a model which …

"Medical Democracy In A Health Systems Agency: The Role Of Staff", James Latimore

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The performance of consumers or laypersons in government programs has been studied extensively, usually from the standpoint of the control exercised by providers or other professionals, or correlative, what consumers need in order to be on an equal footing with the experts. At stake is lay control -i.e., democracy. This case study of one Health Systems Agency (HSA) in contrast, focuses attention on the crucial role of the HSA staff in the democratization of health care. Outcomes, such as cost-containment and allocation of resources, can be examined in terms of the staff's interests and the constraints of its multi-leveled environment. …

Current Training Needs In Public Social Services: Impact On Schools Of Social Work, David C. Pritchard

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

An empirically based study was designed to identify evolving training needs in public social services agencies which are in transition. The characteristics and capacity of these service delivery systems have been significantly altered by funding reductions and subsequent administrative redesign. Schools of social work preparing MSW's for future professional employment and also responsible for operating Title XX training projects need to be sensitive to emerging trends. Specific areas of skills and knowledge requiring greater educational and training emphasis were reported. Curricula planning and development needs to be responsive as social work roles and responsibilities are changing in the marketplace. Concern …

Scientific Ideologies And Conceptions Of Drinking Behavior And Alcoholism, Keith M. Kilty

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Conventional explanations of drinking behavior and alcoholism suffer from serious inadequacies, due in large part to their unquestioning acceptance of certain assumptions about the effects of alcohol on human behavior that are rooted in moral prescriptions. That is, most contemporary models of drinking behavior assume that the consumption of alcohol leads to the loss of inhibitions or self-control, ultimately leading to behaviors that are not predictable by either the drinker or society. This perspective has become so deeply ingrained in the social scientific literature that it is no longer even perceived as hypothetical; instead, it has taken on the character …

Christianity And Delinquency: A Study Of Religiosity And Delinquency Involvement, Brenda T. King

Masters Theses

Much of the previous research on the relationship between religiosity and juvenile delinquency suggests that religiosity does not deter its adherents from moving toward anti-social behavior. Using a quite narrow definition of Christian, this conclusion was tested. Three questions were posed: (1) Does knowledge of religious status aid in predicting delinquency?: (2) Do Christians engage in less delinquency?; and (3) Do Christians with higher levels of religious commitment engage in less delinquency? The answer to each question is "No." There is very little difference between Christian and non-Christian delinquency patterns. The only significant difference uncovered was with life time delinquency …

The Effects Of Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales As Antecedent And Consequent Stimuli Upon Instructional Behaviors In A Special Education Setting, Dennis L. Van Hartesvelt

Masters Theses

The present study was an attempt to determine the effects of the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) upong three distinct instructional behaviors when presented before instructional sessions and when presented after instructional sessions. A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used with four subjects with a reversal element used with one of those subjects. A slight positive effect of BARS presentation upon instructional behaviors occurred. No significant differences were observed between preinstructional and postinstructional BARS presentation. The relevance of the present study is explored in relation to previous BARS studies, along with the implications of the present study.

The Expanding Array Of Human Service Personnel, Edward A. Brawley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper assesses the impact upon social work and the social welfare services of the various types of personnel being produced by the expanding human service education programs that have recently appeared in colleges and universities throughout the country. It also considers some possible responses by the social work profession, by social work education, and by the social welfare field to these developments.

Racial Inequities In The Delivery Of Social Services, James D. Chesney, Rafael Jacob Engel

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Data from a survey of registered social workers in Michigan indicate inequities in the delivery of social services. Providers serving non-whites tend to spend less time providing casework services and more time on providing welfare services than do providers serving whites. These interracial differences may be explained by income or employment auspice. The major racial inequity is apparent when providers serving primarily non-white clients are analyzed. White providers serving non-whites spend more time on welfare activities and less on casework services than do non-white providers serving non-whites. These differences cannot be explained by income or the providers' education and experience. …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 9, No. 4 (December 1982)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Social Action Organization Participation and Personal Change in the Poor - Part I - ROBERT D. HERMAN
• The Expanding Array of Human Service Personnel - EDWARD A. BRAWLEY
• Racial Inequities in the Delivery of Social Services - JAMES D. CHESNEY, RAFAEL JACOB ENGEL
• Women and Voluntary Blood Donations - ERNIE S. LIGHTMAN
• Medical Democracy In A Health Systems Agency: The Role of Staff - JAMES LATIMORE
• Deinstitutionalization: A Review of the Literature With Implication for Social Work Training and Practice in Rural Areas - VICKI LAWRENCE YOUNG, JOHN S. WODARSKI, JEFFREY GIORDANO
• The Practicum Instructor: A Study …

Women And Voluntary Blood Donation, Ernie S. Lightman

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This study explores the patterns of and motivations for voluntary blood donation by men and women in Toronto, Canada. Examining social systems with differently structured opportunities for altruism illustrates both the influence of the sex-role differential on altruism, and also the impact of these social structures upon sex-role behaviour.

Data are drawn from a postal questionnaire completed by a random sample of about 1,000 males and 850 females who had voluntarily donated blood in Toronto, at least once between June 1974 and February 1978.

The study finds men and women donate about equally in a voluntary system, in contrast to …

Deinstitutionalization: A Review Of The Literature With Implication For Social Work Training And Practice In Rural Areas, Vicki Lawrence Young, John S. Wodarski, Jeffrey Giordano

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The manuscript reviews the social, legal, and political background of the deinstitutionalization movement, reviews successful programs for deinstitutionalized chronic mental patients in the major problem areas of socialization skills training, supportive living, interventions with families, vocational rehabilitation, and medication monitoring. Problems which prevent the successful replication of these programs in rural areas, such as differing characteristics of rural and urban clients, distance and travel, and staff attitudes are discussed. Implications for social work training and practice in rural areas include the increased need for paraprofessional staff development and supervision skills, ability to utilize and mobilize existing community helping networks, and …

The Practicum Instructor: A Study Of Role Expectations, Beverly J. Hartung

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The study discussed in this paper focuses on the differences between four respondent groups in their perception as to the importance of various role behaviors of practicum instructors in social work. The population for the study was obtained from a random sample of the 84 accredited graduate schools of social work in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Significant differences in perception of role were found along with areas of agreement among the four groups.

Sexual Harassment Of Blue Collar Workers, Donald E. Maypole, Rosemarie Skaine

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The problem of sexual harassment in work settings has received little empirical examination to date. This study used mailed questionnaires to elicit respondents' opinions about sexual harassment and their perceptions of its incidence, scope and recourses taken by victims. Systematic samples were drawn from a blue collar union's rosters of male and female members. The findings indicated that twentythree percent of the respondents felt they had been sexually harassed (thirty-six percent of the women and eight percent of the men). Whereas the women viewed the problem in power-dominance terms, the men did not. Other findings in relation to scope and …

Distributed Data Processing: A Timely Approach For Social Welfare Agencies, Sumit Sircar, Dick Schoech, Lawrence L. Schkade

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Centralized management oriented information systems in state social welfare systems are evolving. Due to decreasing computer hardware costs, computing power can now be distributed throughout a social welfare system to locations where it meets worker and manager data processing needs most efficiently and effectively. To distribute computing power yet maintain one integrated organizational computing system requires an understanding of distributed data processing (DDP) and its implications for an organization. This article explains the DDP concept through its historical development, illustrates the types of DDP available to an agency, and discusses the major pitfalls in moving into a DDP environment. It …

Long-Term Trends In Public Concerns In Two Societies, Rachel Kats

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Trends in public concerns from the early 1960's to the mid-1970's are compared for Israel and the United States, relating changes in concerns to historical and social change which occurred during the decade in both societies. The analysis is based on open-ended questions regarding views of either personal or nation's future -- hopes and fears for that future -- and a Self-Anchoring Rating Scale, by which the respondent evaluated personal and nation's situation in various time perspectives. The Israeli's future perspective became centered around peace and war, removing other issues to a secondary plane of concern. In contrast, the American …

Data Needs Of Social Service Agencies: A Case Study Of Fort Worth, Texas, Rose M. Rubin

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

There is increasing need for social service agencies and organizations to allocate resources and to plan based on objective needs assessment. This requires greater access and use of data sources. The dual objectives of this paper are to describe and analyze the increased need for data use by social welfare agencies and to present the findings of a data needs assessment study of such organizations in Fort Worth, Texas. The results of this study were used in the planning and development of a series of free data use and data use-applications workshops for social service agency representatives and in the …

An Application Of Taoist Thought In Short Term Psychotherapy, David Leslie Knoblauch

Dissertations

Taoism originated in China during the -5th and -4th centuries with the Tao Te Ching, which is attributed to Lao Tzu. This ancient philosophy delineated a way of acting in harmony with the course and trend of the natural world. In the United States, Taoist thought has been increasing in popularity since the 1930's. C. G. Jung, Alan Watts, and Abraham Maslow were prominent in bringing Taoism to a functional understanding in America's psychological community. They promoted the view that man is not an isolated ego which must control experience, but rather that man is a part of the order …

A Petrographic Analysis Of Ceramics From Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests, Arizona: Onsite Or Specialized Manufacture, Elizabeth M. Garrett

Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the temper in prehistoric ceramics could be used to reconstruct the patterns of ceramic manufacture in portions of the Apache-Sitgreaves and Coconino National Forests, Arizona. Homogeneity of temper would suggest the use of a restricted number of temper sources indicating that ceramic manufacture occurred in a small number of villages.

A second goal was to analyze the data for diversity of temper both within and among the ceramic wares in the study. The third goal was to compare the mineralogical composition of rock units in the study area and the …

A Behavioral Approach To The Establishment Of Nutritional Eating Habits In Young Children, Paul Joseph Smith Knight Ii

Dissertations

The present study attempted to delineate the effects of several variables on the development of nutritionally desirable food choices in preschool children. These included: (1) increasing the children's food knowledge through the use of the Nutrition Education Instructional System (NEIS), (2) increasing the children's verbal behavior about food selection prior to making food choices at lunch by requesting the children in a pre-lunch interview to say the rules learned through the NEIS, (3) increasing the children's verbal behavior following lunch by having them identify the foods chosen, and then requesting them to identify whether they had applied the rule, and …

Women, Conservatism, And Social Welfare, Kristine Nelson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The timing of this special issue is particularly fortunate, coming as it does during a period of reassessment and retrenchment in the women's movement. The attacks of the New Right, the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment, and the growing maturity and sophistication of the women's movement, have spurred an intense reexamination and reanalysis of basic tenets and strategies. The articles in this special issue, although broadly diverse, reflect this effort to come to a deeper analysis of women's oppression and of effective ways to overcome it.

Some Thoughts On The Patriarchal State And The Defeat Of The Era, Zillah Eisenstein

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

What does it signify politically--that is what does it tell us about the relations of power of the 'state' in 1982--that the Equal Rights Amendment has not been ratified? It tells us that the patriarchal foundations of the state, even when narrowly defined in terms of the law, remain necessary to those in power. Or (at least) that those in power, particularly in this case state legislators as well as President Reagan, think that the political system of capitalist patriarchy cannot abide women's (legal) equality.

Social-Emotional Keys To The Division Of Power, Philip Lichtenberg, Carol Roman Reimert, Susan S. Levine

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Social organizers concerned with facilitating the reallocation of power must not overlook psychological issues. Within groups, power hierarchies are a function of individual methods of coping with social-emotional interactions. Clinical insights suggest that both empowered and disempowered people participate in the process of establishing and maintaining this hierarchial structure.

In Defense Of Institutionalization: A Rape Crisis Center As A Case Study, Barbara Levy Simon

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The prevailing wisdom of both the social science literature and of social movement activists postulates that the institutionalization of social movements is a conservatizing tendency. "The iron law of oligarchy," Robert Michels' concept, is invoked as the rule of thumb for social movement transformation.

From my participant observation study of STOP, an urban rape crisis center, I have drawn different conclusions. In that case study, it appears that institutionalization undermines oligarchy and conservatism, rather than contributing to them.

Employing Oberschall's resource mobilization theory of social movement development, I suggest that institutionalization fosters social change efforts at STOP by ensuring organizational …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 9, No. 3 (September 1982)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Women, Conservatism and Social Welfare Introduction - KRISTINE NELSON
• Some Thoughts on the Patriarchal State and the Defeat of the Era - ZILLAH EISENSTEIN
• Defeating the ERA: A Right-Wing Mobilization of Women - BARBARA EHRENREICH
• The Conservative Program Is A Women's Issue - MIMI ABRAMOVITZ
• Defeminizing Social Policy - DAVID STOESZ
• Conservative Policies and Women's Power - KRISTINE NELSON, ARNOLD S. KAHN
• Working Women's Marginalization in Denmark: Traditional Assumptions and Economic Consequences of Social and Labor Market Policies - JENNIFER G. SCHIPER
• Our Own Worst Enemies: Women Opposed to Woman Suffrage - JEANNE HOWARD
• The Hyde Amendment: …