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Articles 5971 - 6000 of 8231

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Benefits And Applications Of Journaling: Exploring The Lower Boundary For Effective Dosage In Non-Clinical Populations, Ryan Hunsaker, Patrick Steffen Apr 2010

Benefits And Applications Of Journaling: Exploring The Lower Boundary For Effective Dosage In Non-Clinical Populations, Ryan Hunsaker, Patrick Steffen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Written expressions of emotion have been shown to produce favorable outcomes in both spheres of physicalhealth and mentalhealth (Murray, 2009; Pennebaker, 2000). Although scientists have identified to some degree what the effects of journaling are, much less is known regarding exactly whenthis impact is most likely to occur (Pennebaker, 2000). Several studies have shown clinically significant benefits for brief journaling interventions (e.g., Greenberg, Wortman, & Stone, 1996; Burton and King, 2008), but the long-term benefits and the lowest dosages necessary for these benefits are debatable. The current study provides an opportunity to assay the therapeutic effects of a brief journaling …

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Aspiring Higher: The Role Of Objective Manager-Employee Work Values Fit In Employee Brand Movement Intentions, Brian P. Reschke, Joseph Olsen, John B. Bingham Apr 2010

Aspiring Higher: The Role Of Objective Manager-Employee Work Values Fit In Employee Brand Movement Intentions, Brian P. Reschke, Joseph Olsen, John B. Bingham

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Multinational corporations attend to the unique challenge of managing employee mobility across various brands. While high tenure and high organizational commitment have been shown to increase retention attitudes, the organizational behavior literature has been notably silent regarding the factors contributing to employees’ aspirations to work in ‘bigger and better’ brands. Brand movement intentions of employees of a large, international professional services corporation were studied. Findings support the introduction of an objective measure of manager-employee work value fit and suggest employee brand movement is propelled in part by need for prestige.

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Born To Achieve: Educational Attainment Among Hispanics, Emily Yager, Logan Theodore, Maren Christiansen, Bree Hernandez Apr 2010

Born To Achieve: Educational Attainment Among Hispanics, Emily Yager, Logan Theodore, Maren Christiansen, Bree Hernandez

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

We predict that U.S.-born Hispanics will have higher educational achievement than foreign-born Hispanic immigrants in the United States.

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Classical Music And Its Effects On Verbal And Nonverbal Memory Performance, Clarence Holbrook, Emily Hadlock, Jentri Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Classical Music And Its Effects On Verbal And Nonverbal Memory Performance, Clarence Holbrook, Emily Hadlock, Jentri Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The purpose of this study was to test the effect that music has on memory. To date there have been several studies done that fail to agree on the question of whether music affects memory. The fairly well-known phenomenon called the Mozart effect found that spatial-temporal memory increased due to exposure to classical music. This research is intended to determine whether the Mozart effect in fact increases verbal and nonverbal memory, employing the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT).

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Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley Apr 2010

Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

While a wide number of studies have assessed temperament as a predictor of future personality or behavior, few studies have assessed its interindividual stability over the first few months of life in nonhuman primates. This laboratory study examined temperament in group-housed infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) assessing interindividual consistency from the second through fifth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Stability of temperament was measured by correlating (Pearson Product-Moment tests) individual differences in the frequency of 25 behaviors over months 2-5 of life in 88 mother-reared subjects. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week and the mean …

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Do The Insured Make Greater Use Of Medical Services?, Gregg Girvan, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

Do The Insured Make Greater Use Of Medical Services?, Gregg Girvan, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Conventional wisdom states if policy-makers set the goal of increasing the number of patients with health insurance, visits to the emergency room (ER) will decrease while visits to a usual source of care (USC), such as a general practitioner, will increase. In examining year 2007 of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, this study seeks to test this hypothesis by answering two questions: 1. Whether having insurance affects ER and USC utilization, and 2. Whether greater USC utilization affects ER utilization. The analysis accounts for endogeneity issues with insurance and USC utilization. In order to account for the discrete, non negative …

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Hanging Out Among Latter-Day Saint Young Adults: A Qualitative Study, Matthew Call, Michael Richards, Tom B. Holman Apr 2010

Hanging Out Among Latter-Day Saint Young Adults: A Qualitative Study, Matthew Call, Michael Richards, Tom B. Holman

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Latter-day Saint (LDS) Church leaders have recently counseled LDS young adults to avoid substituting the practice of hanging out for dating (Oaks 2006, Wickman, 2010). In the face of this counsel, hanging out continues to be a common occurrence. The present study was conducted to better understand why hanging out occurs, how young adults conceptualize it, and what function it serves as a potential pathway to marriage. We believe that hanging out serves two different functions, distinguishable by the intentions of participants and time commitments involved. We have termed “purposive” hanging out as being used to locate and filter potential …

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Ladders To The Sky: Implications Of 'Mental Retardation' In Vishakhapatnam, India, Amber K. Bell, Charles Nuckolls Apr 2010

Ladders To The Sky: Implications Of 'Mental Retardation' In Vishakhapatnam, India, Amber K. Bell, Charles Nuckolls

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have never been studied from an ethnographic basis in anthropology. The study originally focused on only families with autistic members. Due to Indian definitions of mental illness, the study was broadened from the cultural view of ASDs to studying the 'mentally retarded' and focused on autistics within that definition. I wanted to study: the cultural definitions of mental illness, what treatments were being used, and how these definitions affected families that included patients.

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Pornography Addiction: Shedding Light On Internet Help Resources, Joshua Ruchty, Sam Hardy Apr 2010

Pornography Addiction: Shedding Light On Internet Help Resources, Joshua Ruchty, Sam Hardy

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The purpose of this pilot study is to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Candeo Program by collecting self-reported improvement data from Candeo subscribers. Candeo is an online, subscription-based recovery program for pornography addiction. Candeo guides subscribers through 10 levels of instruction --including text, video, and interactive exercises –all aimed toward reshaping thought processes in order alter addictive behaviors.

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Lds Pathways To Marriage: How Does Communication Play A Role In Relationship Progression?, Kaitlin Lattin, Cherie Wilson, Todd Jensen, Adam Frary Apr 2010

Lds Pathways To Marriage: How Does Communication Play A Role In Relationship Progression?, Kaitlin Lattin, Cherie Wilson, Todd Jensen, Adam Frary

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of communication in the relationship progression or regression between males and females at BYU along the pathway to marriage. For most Americans, mate selection follows a predictable process of acquaintance, build-up, and [commitment] leading to legal marriage (Levinger, 1983). This process is characterized by personal choice based on mutual physical attraction, growing interpersonal involvement, and interdependence, followed by commitment to marriage and actual marriage during the period of greatest relationship satisfaction (Cate & Lloyd, 1992). It was hypothesized that communication plays an essential role in the progression or regression of …

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Parental Influence In Adult Children’S Marital Relationships, Hsin-Yao Chiu, Jenet Jacob Apr 2010

Parental Influence In Adult Children’S Marital Relationships, Hsin-Yao Chiu, Jenet Jacob

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parents’ couple relationship quality is highly associated with their adult children’s relationship quality with their own partners (Amato & Booth, 2001; Amato & Cheadle, 2005). According to social learning theory, children discover from observing their parents’ interactions that certain behaviors are linked to certain outcomes. They are more willing to follow those behaviors and attitudes which will help them attain their own desired goals (Akers, La Greca, Cochran, & Sellers, 1989; Bandura, 1977; Sellers, Cochran, & Branch, 2005). Drawing on Social Learning theory, the current study uses relationship self-regulation as the measure (Wilson, Charker, Lizzio, Halford and Kimlin, 2005) to …

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Rio Drug Factions And The Children Of The Favelas, Melanie Davies, Jini Roby Apr 2010

Rio Drug Factions And The Children Of The Favelas, Melanie Davies, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Rio de Janeiro, among other major cities in Brazil, has been surrounded with slums for over a hundred years. These slums, called favelasby the natives, began springing up in the 1850’s (Gay, 1994). Many people migrated to the city in search of a better life. Unable to afford a home, they built shelters on the illegally claimed hillsides of Rio de Janeiro, intending to improve their situation from there (Villareal & Silva, 2006). Instead, the number of favelas has drastically increased over the years. In Rio de Janeiro alone, there are currently over 1800 favelas housing about 2 million people, …

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The Current State Of The Alcaldia Indigena In Light Of Its Historical Precedents: The Case Of Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Jonathan Luke, John Hawkins Apr 2010

The Current State Of The Alcaldia Indigena In Light Of Its Historical Precedents: The Case Of Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Jonathan Luke, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The military governments of 1957-1986 abolished all forms of Maya self-government. With the signing of the Peace Accords in 1994, Mayan communities have resurrected the institution of the Alcaldia Indigena, drawing on cultural memory to reorganize it. The new manifestation builds on the Alcaldia’s former structure and seeks to connect internationally to the indigenous rights movement and gain official recognition as a local government body representing indigenous interests.

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Towards Measuring Relational Embeddedness: 2 Factor Analyses Of Trends Pilot Survey Data, Tim Walker, Joseph Olsen, Julie Hite Apr 2010

Towards Measuring Relational Embeddedness: 2 Factor Analyses Of Trends Pilot Survey Data, Tim Walker, Joseph Olsen, Julie Hite

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Relational Embeddedness. A theoretical construct that attempts to describe reasons why per-sons maintain certain interpersonal relation-ships. The specific theory of interest was formulated by Hite (2001). Simply stated relational embeddedness is a function of the level to which an individual’s relationship involves more or less of three components: Dyadic Interaction: The extent and quality of interpersonal interaction. Personal Relationship: Amounts of the emotional connections in the relationship. Social Capital: The level of mutual and communal reciprocity affecting the relationship.

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Violence In Children's Popular Television Programs, Victoria Bramwell, Ashley Herr, Christine Sickles, Jessica Kugath Apr 2010

Violence In Children's Popular Television Programs, Victoria Bramwell, Ashley Herr, Christine Sickles, Jessica Kugath

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Previous research done on violence in the media has primarily focused on the effects it has on children. Researchers have tried to prove that children’s viewing of television violence is linked to negative side effects such as encouraging children to imitate their violent acts in social settings (Simmons, Stalsworth and Wentzel, 1999), it’s effects can lead to psychological trauma (Singer, et al., 2004), and even that it can have an impact on a child’s moral reasoning (Krcmar, Viera, 2005). However, little research has been done on how much violence is portrayed in popular television shows and if it increases with …

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Child Agreeableness As A Buffer Against Depression, Megan Sheldon, Curtis Pollard, Jonathan Kersh, Natalie Gariby Apr 2010

Child Agreeableness As A Buffer Against Depression, Megan Sheldon, Curtis Pollard, Jonathan Kersh, Natalie Gariby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

There is a clear correlation between the quality of family life and adolescent depression; the more conflict within a home, the more likely adolescents are to become depressed (Sheeber, Hops, Alpert, Davis, & Andrews, 1997). Another factor that is positively correlated with increased levels of adolescent depression is parental depression. Specifically, continuous maternal depressive behavior wears on an adolescent’s psychological well-being and leads to reaction of depression or a behavior disorder (Tully, Iacono & McGue, 2008). Adams, Abela, Aerbach, and Skitch (2009) found that negative personality traits were correlated to a distinct vulnerability to depression for adolescents. Because of this …

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Does Democracy In The Home Create Democracy In The Nation?, Aimee Farnsworth, Valerie Hudson Apr 2010

Does Democracy In The Home Create Democracy In The Nation?, Aimee Farnsworth, Valerie Hudson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

While the rise of liberal democracy has usually been linked to the growth of capitalism and the rise of the bourgeoisie, a fairly new theory claims that democracy in the state began with democracy in the home (Hajnal1982; Hartman 2004). That is, as the relationship between husband and wife became more equal, a mini-democracy was created in the home which promoted liberal democracy on a larger scale, first in the community, and then the nation. Those promoting democracy might therefore find it beneficial to first, or at least concurrently, promote equality between husband and wife. Increased equality between spouses will …

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Does More Green Equal More Green?: A Comparison Of Vegetation In Rich And Poor Neighborhoods In Utah County, Alan Peters, Roxanne Yorgason, Cinta Nielsen, Alison Fletcher Apr 2010

Does More Green Equal More Green?: A Comparison Of Vegetation In Rich And Poor Neighborhoods In Utah County, Alan Peters, Roxanne Yorgason, Cinta Nielsen, Alison Fletcher

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Greenery is an important part of any urban environment. Besides being visually appealing, landscaping performs important ecological functions such as food and habitats for some creatures and cooling effects for the urban ecosystem. For these and other reasons, places with green lawns and mature trees are highly desirable. Landscaping, however, is not cheap. Planting and maintaining appropriate trees, shrubbery, or grasses can be costly to private homeowners, businesses, or municipalities. This can result in unequal amounts of trees and other greenery between rich and less affluent communities, and a disparity between rich and poor neighborhoods within the same city. Using …

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Evidence Of Opinion: A Critical Analysis Of The Use Of Empirical Literature In Controversial Topics, David Erekson, Sasha Mondragon, Kiley Delange, Amelia Leetham Apr 2010

Evidence Of Opinion: A Critical Analysis Of The Use Of Empirical Literature In Controversial Topics, David Erekson, Sasha Mondragon, Kiley Delange, Amelia Leetham

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) use the same empirical sources as supporting evidence for differing views on the psychological treatment of sexual minorities. Given this discrepancy, we undertook a critical analysis of all sources commonly cited by APA and NARTH. We conclude that the sources have not been used consistently, and that this may be a product of differing beliefs surrounding a controversial issue.

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Child Marriage: Can Access To Media Discourage The Practice In South Asia?, Angela O'Neill, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

Child Marriage: Can Access To Media Discourage The Practice In South Asia?, Angela O'Neill, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

In this paper, we explore a possible role for the media to facilitate social change through international and domestic politics even when political will may be lacking. Using data from national health surveys in two South Asian countries, we find that frequent reading of the newspaper is associated with higher ages at marriage among women in all of the countries surveyed. Further research is necessary to determine the types of programs and degree of openness for the other forms of media in each of the countries.

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Demand For Terrorism: What Factors Make A Country More Vulnerable To Attack?, Timothy P. Jensen, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

Demand For Terrorism: What Factors Make A Country More Vulnerable To Attack?, Timothy P. Jensen, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Factors used to explain terrorism range from economic inequality (Bailey, 2002) to religious fundamentalism and prejudice (Anderson & Taylor 2001). Taylor (1998) found that “Neither social background, educational opportunity or attainment seem to be particularly associated with terrorism.” In an econometric analysis of terrorism, Krueger and Maleckova (2003) found no causal relationship between poverty in individuals and their likelihood of becoming terrorists. They examined the supply of terrorism by looking at biographical information of individual terrorists, particularly in Palestine. They found that most terrorists had more education than other members of their home country and were in occupations of high …

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Development Of Byu's Teaching Museum: A History Of The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Carlee Reed, Paul Stavast Apr 2010

Development Of Byu's Teaching Museum: A History Of The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Carlee Reed, Paul Stavast

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The Museum of Peoples and Cultures (MPC) has been a part of BYU since 1966. The MPC’s mission is to “inspire students to life-long learning and service and [mentors] them in collections-focused activities.”As the MPC has developed, it has influenced many students as they gain experience for later careers, in addition to educating them on different cultures. As of 2008, there was not a thorough recording of the progression and development of the museum. Over the past five years, the archives have been organized and made easily accessible. In addition to the archives, I researched into the history of the …

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Facebook And Self-Worth, Dallin Bywater, Chelsey Tautkus, Paul Moss, Dana Kearnes Apr 2010

Facebook And Self-Worth, Dallin Bywater, Chelsey Tautkus, Paul Moss, Dana Kearnes

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

It is already known that self-worth can be easily manipulated and diminished by disparagement. In response to this disparagement, one will then seek social gratification from their peers, which will work to bolster their damaged self-worth. One of the easiest ways for these disparaged people to seek social gratification is through Facebook use. However, it is not yet known if a decrease of self-worth leads to an increase in Facebook usage; if this relationship indeed exists, then we may be able to understand more about the link between self-worth and social networking. For example, it is possible that poor mental …

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Drama, Drama, Drama, Trace W. Lund, Mckenzie Gibson, Megan Pixton, Brandon Chandler Apr 2010

Drama, Drama, Drama, Trace W. Lund, Mckenzie Gibson, Megan Pixton, Brandon Chandler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gender roles are set early in life (Condry & Ross, 1985). Boys are often encouraged in their rough-and-tumble play while girls are discouraged from it (Condry, 1985). Girls are treated as more fragile and are encouraged to act ladylike, including not inflicting physical harm upon others. Much of how we act in society, including aggression, is based on these social norms. The media is full of physically aggressive acts. School shootings, war, terrorism, assaults; the list goes on and on. Who do we imagine performing these tasks? Men or women? Research has shown it to be men (Zeichner, Parrott, & …

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From Pawn To President, Joshua C. Powell, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

From Pawn To President, Joshua C. Powell, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study attempts to clarify the causes of coups d’Etat, which still occur at alarming rates within less-developed nations. Previous research has focused on three potential motivations: greed, grievance, and feasibility. Greed: High levels of natural resources such as oil can easily be diverted into personal accounts, making a successful coup more profitable. Grievance: Repression or poor governance may lead to rebellion. Feasibility: A game-theoretic explanation in which coups are attempted simply because their success seems likely.

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Effects Of Relationship Status On Gpa, Emily Albright, Chanel Carlile, Janae Kirkendall, Allyson Webber Apr 2010

Effects Of Relationship Status On Gpa, Emily Albright, Chanel Carlile, Janae Kirkendall, Allyson Webber

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Research on the effect of Relationship Status on GPA is very limited. Some studies find that individuals who date more frequently tend to have lower grades than those who don’t. Other studies have found that relationships can have a positive or a negative effect on GPA depending on other factors. However, most studies find that Relationship status doesn’t have an effect on GPA. We hypothesize that Single and Married individuals will have higher GPA’s than their dating counterparts. We further hypothesize that Single and Married people will also be more consistent in their academic achievement and that those who are …

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Evaluating The Impact Of Hit Resources On Patient Welfare: Evidence For The Arra, Evan S. Thomas, Mark Showalter Apr 2010

Evaluating The Impact Of Hit Resources On Patient Welfare: Evidence For The Arra, Evan S. Thomas, Mark Showalter

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Using differencing, OLS, and probit modeling techniques, demographic and performance information for more than 1,600 U.S. hospitals was used to test whether Electronic Medical Record (EMR) usage had any effect on both outcomes and processes of patient care. The findings showed that EMR use did not have a significant impact on patient mortality rates, 30-day readmission rates, or clinical procedures in treating patients suffering from Acute Myocardial Infarctions (AMI). Additional research into the correlation between EMR usage and average Medicare reimbursement rates found that healthcare facilities using an EMR received lower reimbursements on average than those hospitals using a paper-based …

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Effects Of Breadwinner Status On Marital Satisfaction: How Income Disparity Between Spousal Partners Affects Happiness, Matthew Field, Allison Wolfe, Eric Davis, Nicole Park Apr 2010

Effects Of Breadwinner Status On Marital Satisfaction: How Income Disparity Between Spousal Partners Affects Happiness, Matthew Field, Allison Wolfe, Eric Davis, Nicole Park

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Previous research shows mixed results when it comes to the effect of the breadwinning status on marital satisfaction. Our purpose is to examine whether who has the higher income in a marriage, the man or the woman, has an effect on the reported marital satisfaction of the couple. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (2000) we examined this question. We found that who the breadwinner is has no effect on marital satisfaction. These results are encouraging for women who aspire to high-status, high-paying careers. Our findings indicate that women should not hold back from these aspirations on account of …

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Female Dating Initiation At Byu, Lara Jubber, Tamara Fackrell, Jessica Hansen, Thomas B. Holman Apr 2010

Female Dating Initiation At Byu, Lara Jubber, Tamara Fackrell, Jessica Hansen, Thomas B. Holman

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Through qualitative dating analysis, we interviewed 12 females from BYU and found several patterns regarding dating initiation. First, there was perceived male responsibility to initiate the date. Second, there was confusion that results in how a female should let a male know of their interest in him. Third, ambiguity resulted because the communication in dating initiation is not straight forward. Fourth, dating is viewed as a game with rules that vary depending on the participant.

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Greenway Systems In Salt Lake City And Tallahassee A Comparitive Analysis, Derek Bruton, Lydia Michela, Tyler Terry, Morgan Osborne Apr 2010

Greenway Systems In Salt Lake City And Tallahassee A Comparitive Analysis, Derek Bruton, Lydia Michela, Tyler Terry, Morgan Osborne

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Landscape ecology is the study of the relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes on a range of landscape scales. One aspect of land¬scape ecology that we chose to study was green¬ways. Greenways are long, narrow corridors that differ from the surrounding landscape types; they are used for recreation, and for pedestrian and bi¬cycle traffic. We compared the greenways in Salt Lake City and Tallahassee (Figures 3 and 4), using landscape metrics (methods of quantifying land¬scape pattern) as tools to define characteristics of the greenway systems. To determine which city had a stronger greenway system, we based our conclusions on …

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