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Articles 5941 - 5970 of 8231

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

African Americans In Politics: What Factors Lead To The Election Of African American Representatives, Keith D. Gonzales, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

African Americans In Politics: What Factors Lead To The Election Of African American Representatives, Keith D. Gonzales, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

African Americans have triumphed over a difficult history in the United States. They have had to overcome prejudices in education, the workforce, and politics. Today, we have an African American president and many African Americans hold office on every level of government. It seems to be a good time to evaluate the political environment for African Americans. Data from Congressional districts has been gathered and evaluated. The data has shown three significant factors affecting the chances of African Americans to be elected as a representative from any district. The results hint that there may still be work to be done …

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Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown Apr 2010

Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Stress is a part of everyday life. One important way that stress influences our health is by increasing blood pressure. Research has consistently reported that foreign‐born Mexicans have lower blood pressure than Caucasians 1. This surprises many, since foreign‐born Mexicans are typically more socioeconomically under advantaged 2. Numerous psychosocial factors such as social support and perceived control have been shown to moderate this socioeconomic status (SES)‐health gradient3, but surprisingly li1le work has been done examining how perceived stress and coping strategies influence this relationship. The current study seeks to examine how the psychological factors of perceived stress and coping influence …

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Gender Differences: The Impact Of Hours Worked On Marital Satisfaction, Patrick Frost, Arturo Morales, Jackie Freeman, Anna Nelson Apr 2010

Gender Differences: The Impact Of Hours Worked On Marital Satisfaction, Patrick Frost, Arturo Morales, Jackie Freeman, Anna Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

As work hours increase, marital satisfaction decreases. For married females, we hypothesize that when work hours increase over 40 hours per week, marital satisfaction decreases. We further hypothesize that as work hours increase over 60 hours per week for married males, marital satisfaction decreases.

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Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2010

Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study found that time management correlates with Marcia's Identity Status theory. Marcia's Identity Status reflects on the four different levels of identity: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion. Identity can consist of things such as reasons for going to school, what career they want and knowing what accomplishments they are working towards. Identity and time usage are related because as a person know what is important to them they know how they want to use their time. We are hoping to see the strength of identity in how time is allocated.

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Measuring Father Involvement With Adolescents In Botswana, Kerianne Dyer, Jini Roby Apr 2010

Measuring Father Involvement With Adolescents In Botswana, Kerianne Dyer, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Emerging research suggests that father involvement is a multifaceted concept, often driven by cultural mandates. In this study, survey data were collected from 704 adolescents aged 14-16 in Botswana. Fathers who provided both co-residence and financial support were perceived at the highest level of involvement. When considered separately, financial support rather than co-residence was associated with higher levels of perceived father involvement. Maternal gate keeping was also found to be a significant influence on perceived levels of father involvement. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed.

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Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast Apr 2010

Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

As BYU’s “teaching” museum, the MPC provides a setting where BYU students can gain real museum experience. Under the mentorship of professional staff, museum class students and student employees are responsible for researching, developing, and installing exhibitions; processing and cataloging incoming and current collections; and organizing and cataloging excavation notes and other collection records. Beyond classes and employment, the MPC also provides an oft-overlooked educational experience for student volunteers. Under the supervision of student employees, volunteers provide assistance in creating and distributing educational materials, cataloging collections, organizing records, and other tasks necessary for the daily maintenance of museum operations. I …

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Positive To Negative Affect, Forgiveness, And Relationship Quality In Married Couples, Rebekah M. Gardner, James Harper Apr 2010

Positive To Negative Affect, Forgiveness, And Relationship Quality In Married Couples, Rebekah M. Gardner, James Harper

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gottman (1999) proposes that a 5:1 ratio of positive to negative behaviors is related to relationship quality. Current study examines forgiveness as a mediating variable. Halchuck et al. (2010) found that couples who recovered from attachment insecurities reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness.

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Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Of Parents Of Children With Disabilities, Richard Alboroto, Susanne O. Roper Apr 2010

Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Of Parents Of Children With Disabilities, Richard Alboroto, Susanne O. Roper

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parents of children with disabilities experience elevated stress, which may contribute to their caregiver burden. Factors related to caregiver burden may be child or parent related. In this study, we investigated how income, economic hardship, age of the child with a disability, number of children in the family, and family cohesion were associated with mothers’ and fathers’ caregiver burden. Participants consisted of parents of 192 children; 155 of the children had some form of disability. The results show that family cohesion was negatively related to mothers’ and fathers’ burden. Economic hardship was also strongly associated with burden. Results suggest that …

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A Comparative Study Of The Murray/Taylorsville And Salt Lake City Greenway Systems, Nicholas G. Baker, Evan Pressley, David Munson, Mark Christensen Apr 2010

A Comparative Study Of The Murray/Taylorsville And Salt Lake City Greenway Systems, Nicholas G. Baker, Evan Pressley, David Munson, Mark Christensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Greenways are an important part of an urban system. They are linear strips of vegetated area that extend through or around cities. Greenways have various environ-mental, social, and economic benefits that contribute to healthy communities. Characteristics of greenway systems can be quantified and measured, allowing comparison between study areas. Our study uses landscape metrics to compare the total area, total edge, number of patches, and connectivity of the Salt Lake City and Murray, Utah greenway systems.

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Conflicting Influences: A Study Of Emerging Adults And Their Mothers’ Marriage Attitudes., Adam E. Rogers, Justin Hendricks, Larry Nelson Apr 2010

Conflicting Influences: A Study Of Emerging Adults And Their Mothers’ Marriage Attitudes., Adam E. Rogers, Justin Hendricks, Larry Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Emerging adulthood is a period of change and discovery in which young people are able to explore themselves and their world. In particular, Arnett (2000) has suggested that emerging adulthood is a period of identity exploration. Thus, young people, between the ages of 18-25 are at a critical stage of personal development. Recent research suggests that parents and religion are among the factors that contribute to their development (Willoughby et al., in press; Roestet al. 2009; Ebstyne, 2003).

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Daily Health Experiences Of Vietnam Veterans, Rachel Vanwickle, Jeremy Yorgason Apr 2010

Daily Health Experiences Of Vietnam Veterans, Rachel Vanwickle, Jeremy Yorgason

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Research about war veterans has shown that they suffer from more physical and mental health problems than the general United States population (Singh et al, 2005). Even more health problems have been reported by veterans living in rural areas, as opposed to urban populations (Weeks et al., 2004; Weeks, Wallace, Wang, Lee, & Kazis, 2006). As the Vietnam veteran population is aging, and soon entering later life, researchers are examining the daily health need of these veterans. The current study will be looking at health in Vietnam era veterans and their civilian counterparts. Variables that will be examined in relation …

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Effects Of Title I On Student Achievement, Erin Alldredge, Bert Burraston Apr 2010

Effects Of Title I On Student Achievement, Erin Alldredge, Bert Burraston

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study analyzes the effects of attending a Title I funded school on student achievement by examining fall and spring test scores of kindergarten students, and achievement gains between the two evaluations. The study presents two hypotheses: students attending Title I funded schools will have lower math test scores for both fall and spring tests than students attending schools that do not receive Title I funds, and students attending Title I funded schools will have higher achievement gains between fall and spring than children attending schools that do not receive Title I funds. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal …

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Grandparent/Grandchild Relationship: Linking Grandparent Involvement To Adolescent Pro-Social Behaviors, Corey Ellis, Marinda Quist, Ruth Robinson, Dara Peterson Apr 2010

Grandparent/Grandchild Relationship: Linking Grandparent Involvement To Adolescent Pro-Social Behaviors, Corey Ellis, Marinda Quist, Ruth Robinson, Dara Peterson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Due to the changing dynamics of family life, there is a current need to understand the grandparent-grandchild relationship. Grandparents today are more involved in the lives of their grandchildren because of increased life expectancy, divorce rates, and dual working homes (Attar-Schwartz, Tan, & Buchanan, 2009).We examined how grandparents’ financial involvement with the family and their emotional closeness to the adolescent (Kemp, 2005) impacts behavioral outcomes. One study shows that a negative grandparent-parent relationship will negatively affect the grandparent-grandchild relationship (Attar-Schwartz, S., Tan, J., & Buchanan, A, 2009). We hypothesize that the financial support of grandparents, grandparent emotional closeness with their …

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Public Transportation Decision Making, Benjamin Y. Warner, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

Public Transportation Decision Making, Benjamin Y. Warner, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

People make decisions regarding whether they will use public transportation based on many factors. I create a logistic binary response model where one’s decision about whether to use public transportation is a function of the size of a city that the person lives in, number of vehicles the person’s household has available, household income, working status, and day of the week. Workers may find public transportation more convenient if the transportation is close to their home. This is more likely to occur in an area with high population density.

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How Does Education Level Affect Marital Processes, Stephen V. Mortensen, Karen Peterson, Candace Shields, Julie Voisin Apr 2010

How Does Education Level Affect Marital Processes, Stephen V. Mortensen, Karen Peterson, Candace Shields, Julie Voisin

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Current research utilizes SES levels as a predictor of marital interactions. However, since higher education attainment levels usually lead to higher SES levels, it is presumed that education can also be used as a predictor of marital interactions.Research has found that women’s education levels are positively correlated with marital stability and that husbands’ education levels are not significantly correlated with marital stability.The current study will further determine whether education level can be used as a predictor of marital processes, as measured by wives’ perceptions of various marital interactions. We hypothesize that husbands’ and wives' education attainment levels will be predictors …

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Marital Satisfaction And The Transition To Fatherhood, Brandon Mcdaniel, Sheila Lopez, Erin K. Holmes Apr 2010

Marital Satisfaction And The Transition To Fatherhood, Brandon Mcdaniel, Sheila Lopez, Erin K. Holmes

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The perceptions of marital satisfaction across the transition to fatherhood of 54 Brigham Young University (BYU) students were surveyed using an online questionnaire. It was hypothesized that (1) father’s expectations would not match the way tasks actually were divided, (2) fathers who felt that they were making a contribution to their family and felt that their wives appreciated that contribution would have higher marital quality, (3) fathers who were better able to communicate with their wives would be more satisfied with their marriage, (4) fathers who felt the support of their wives and others would better be able to adjust …

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The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The majority of positive affect research has been studied in relation to mental flexibility and creative thinking, with a smaller emphasis in the area of memory recall. Studies have specifically looked at the influence of positive affect as it relates to the following: creative problem solving (e.g., Mikulincer, & Sheffi, 2000, Estrada, Young, & Isen, 1994; Greene & Noice, 1988; Isen, Johnson, Mertz, & Robinson, 1985), improves recall of neutral and positive information (Isen, Shalker, Clark, & Karp, 1978; Nasby & Yando, 1982; Teasdale & Fogarty, 1979), promotes mental flexibility (Carnevale & Isen, 1986; Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997; Isen …

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Predicting Dyadic Congruence In Retirement Plans Among Middle-Aged Couples, Benjamin R. Malczyk, Jeremy Yorgason Apr 2010

Predicting Dyadic Congruence In Retirement Plans Among Middle-Aged Couples, Benjamin R. Malczyk, Jeremy Yorgason

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Although there are many studies examining couple’s financial preparation for retirement, there are relatively few examining how couples expect to use their time in retirement. This does not undermine the importance of how coupes plan to use their time. Research has shown that leisure time usage was a bigger challenge than finances for retired couples (Henry, Milller, & Giarrusso, 2005).The current study extends previous research by having couples answer an open ended question about their retirement plans and seeing the congruency between planned leisure and time usage by husbands and wives. Specifically this study seeks to answer: 1. What do …

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Book Review, W. Reed Smith, Norman C. Rotham, Pedro P. Geiger, Laina Farhat-Holzman Apr 2010

Book Review, W. Reed Smith, Norman C. Rotham, Pedro P. Geiger, Laina Farhat-Holzman

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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Police Inspired Crime: The Effect Of Corruption On Crime, Taryn W. Davis, Jeffrey Pett, Stephen Bahr Apr 2010

Police Inspired Crime: The Effect Of Corruption On Crime, Taryn W. Davis, Jeffrey Pett, Stephen Bahr

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Criminal behavior can be caused by strain produced from confrontation with negative stimuli. Corruption of public officials can act as a negative stimuli which creates anger and strain on the general public and leads to an increase in criminal behavior.

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Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson Apr 2010

Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Learning and memory are phenomena made possible via physical changes at neuronal synapses in the brain, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity contribute to such diseases and disorders as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and retrograde amnesia (Brunetal., 2001). Recently, TRPV1 activation was shown to mediate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Gibsonetal., 2008). TRPV1 is a presynaptic ligand-gated calcium (Ca2+) channel located throughout the CNS, including in the hippocampus. TRPV1 channels are activated by the binding of capsaicin, which is responsible for producing the “heat” of red peppers. Several studies implicate a role for TRPV1 in contextual …

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The Power Of The “Magic Moment”: The Long-Term Effects Of Marital Expectations On Child Health And Relational Outcomes, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Brian J. Willoughby Apr 2010

The Power Of The “Magic Moment”: The Long-Term Effects Of Marital Expectations On Child Health And Relational Outcomes, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Jeffrey K. Larsen, Brian J. Willoughby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Nonmarital childbearing has become increasingly common among couples in the United States. Recent research has shown that these unwed parents and their children are more likely to experience negative personal and familial outcomes compared to those families in which the parents are married. These negative outcomes include lower levels of financial stability, inconsistent paternal involvement, more behavioral problems in children, relationship instability, lower amounts of positive parenting practices, and lower levels of relationship satisfaction (Bronte- Tinkew, & Horowitz, 2009; Castillo, 2009; Huang, & Lee, 2008; McLanahan & Garfinkel, 2000; Osborne, Manning, & Smock, 2007; Osborne & McLanahan, 2007). Scholars have …

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Windmills And Walls: A Social Club Harnesses The Winds Of Change In Brandenburg, Taylor C. Merkley, John Hawkins Apr 2010

Windmills And Walls: A Social Club Harnesses The Winds Of Change In Brandenburg, Taylor C. Merkley, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The town of Lüttein Brandenburg, Germany survived a fire in 1833, but faced a bigger threat to its survival when the Wall tumbled down. Residents began to move away for better jobs and the older population began to dwindle as the local economy looked bleak. Despite these challenges, the residents have found a way to revitalize their community using what is already available to them. In the former East Germany, where many rural towns face depopulation and isolation, the thriving, modern town of Lütte maintains its distinct agrarian character and outward connections. The local club Vere in “Altes Haus” successfully …

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Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Students want to learn what is on the test, but professors want students to learn all the curriculum, tested or not. One compromise is through non-target incidental memory, which acts like peripheral vision, so that even though some material is emphasized, surrounding material is also processed and learned. The current study found a significant amount of incidental memory that did not vary with year in school or sex. Therefore, “teaching to the test” does not necessarily block all learning of other material: some of it is automatically learned as well.

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Promontory Caves Revisited: Preliminary Analysis Of Faunal Material From 42bo1 And 42bo2, Lindsay Johansson, Joel Janetski Apr 2010

Promontory Caves Revisited: Preliminary Analysis Of Faunal Material From 42bo1 And 42bo2, Lindsay Johansson, Joel Janetski

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Promontory Caves (42BO1 and 42BO2) are located on Promontory point and were excavated in 1930 and 1931 by Julian Steward from the University of Utah. The caves are the type site for Promontory Phase occupation in the Great Basin and the work being done currently concerning the caves is one aspect of a larger project by Jack Ives of the University of Alberta and Joel Janetski of Brigham Young University concerning the Promontory culture and its relationship to the Athapaskan migration. Based upon the presence of moccasins and ceramics recovered at the site, Steward (1937:87) concluded that Promontory cultures were …

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The Relationship Between Women’S Clinics And Hospital-Based Women’S Health Services, 1980-2000, Hayley R. Darchuck, Jessica Callahan, Marie Cornwall Apr 2010

The Relationship Between Women’S Clinics And Hospital-Based Women’S Health Services, 1980-2000, Hayley R. Darchuck, Jessica Callahan, Marie Cornwall

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The United States women’s health movement began in the 1960s as women throughout the country decided to take control of their bodies and their health care in the form of women’s clinics. These clinics were based on “for women, by women” health care, emphasizing self help, education and birth control. Since the creation of clinics, their growth has appeared to fluctuate substantially by the effects of outside factors such as presidential impacts and antiabortionist vandalism. For example, during the Reagan administration, funding for women’s clinics decreased due to staunch “Reaganomics,” and block funding (Morgen2002) and later increased after Clinton’s entrance …

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Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote Apr 2010

Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Acupuncture of the Shenmen(HT-7) channel has a strong inhibitory effect on ethanol(ETOH)-induced dopamine (DA) release and prevents the reduction of dopamine (DA) by chronic ETOH (Zhaoetal.,2006). GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate DA neuron activity and release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). They also express mu-opioid receptors (Fig.1) and their firing rate is inhibited by ETOH andopioids (Fig.2).

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Who Do You Belong To?: Understanding A Monument Through Local Conceptions Of Belonging, Sadie J. Lee, John Hawkins Apr 2010

Who Do You Belong To?: Understanding A Monument Through Local Conceptions Of Belonging, Sadie J. Lee, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

When major logging operations closed in the Kaibab National Forest in northern Arizona after pressure from environmental groups, many area residents lost their jobs. Plans for a coal mine on the Kaiparowits Plateau in southern Utah revived hopes for reliable employment, but establishing the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in 1996 by former US President Bill Clinton effectively shut down possibility of exploitative operations on the majority of the plateau. This caused widespread disapproval among conservative local government and populations. This controversial issue has been described extensively in relation to legal disputes over its formation and use. However, no research …

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A Case For Christian Communalism: Overcoming Individualism And Racial Segregation In An Ubuntu-Infused South African Catholic Parish, Jordan R. Layton, Jeremy Grimshaw Apr 2010

A Case For Christian Communalism: Overcoming Individualism And Racial Segregation In An Ubuntu-Infused South African Catholic Parish, Jordan R. Layton, Jeremy Grimshaw

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Geographic, linguistic, and economic divisions between ethnic groups linger from Apartheid; but recent concerns also include divisions within ethnic groups due to Western-influenced individualism and a decline in communal values known as ubuntu. Ubuntu is a spiritual concept; thus, Christianity seems to be the ideal context for its reinforcement. But most theorists would argue that the physical and figurative walls being constructed between and within ethnic groups could not be overcome through Christianity, which is itself considered to be individualistic “self-serving redemptionism”—the theoretical opposite of ubuntu. However,one East London Catholic parish creates an anomalous interracial community by promoting communal ubuntu …

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An Ethnology Of Tillage: The Role And Bearing Of Land A Societal Force In Midwest Agricultural Communities., Olivia Wilkinson, Sheila Bibb Apr 2010

An Ethnology Of Tillage: The Role And Bearing Of Land A Societal Force In Midwest Agricultural Communities., Olivia Wilkinson, Sheila Bibb

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Literary novelists have long revered the steady and resilient people of the plains. Sociologists and economic researchers have analyzed the drastic changes of the farming business in the recent decades of upheaval. Biochemists take sample after sample of dark brown earth to advance the science of crop growing.

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