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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Mineland, The Endless War: A Photo Essay, Rocco Rorandelli
Mineland, The Endless War: A Photo Essay, Rocco Rorandelli
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Many modern conflicts leave behind unexploded ordnance (UXO) in their aftermath, inflicting severe human, social, and economic costs. Europe is not immune from this issue. Today, landmine-affected countries in Europe include Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Serbia. With an average removal cost of 1,000 euros per mine, reduced funding is the main reason why demining is still unfinished in this region after more than 20 years of work. Every year, deminers and civilians die or are injured because of ordnance explosions.
A common sentiment of all organizations involved in demining operations is that greater funds are required to increase …
Itf Enhancing Human Security In Serbia, Gregor Sancanin
Itf Enhancing Human Security In Serbia, Gregor Sancanin
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
ITF Enhancing Human Security has worked in Southeast Europe’s post-conflict countries since 1998. In states affected by the break-up of Yugoslavia such as Serbia, ITF works to support the country’s fulfillment of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (APMBC), and this involvement has proved critical to Serbia fulfilling its goals.
Minefield Clearance And Casualties - Holland 1945 - Military Operations Research Unit Report No.7, Roly Evans
Minefield Clearance And Casualties - Holland 1945 - Military Operations Research Unit Report No.7, Roly Evans
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In June and July 1945, two Royal Canadian Engineer officers, on their own initiative, carried out a review of the ongoing minefield clearance in Holland. The local military authorities deemed the review to be of significant value and therefore directed the Military Operational Research Unit to take up the study and “carry out a complete survey and analysis of all aspects of minefield clearance and casualties.” The study, entitled Military Operational Research Unit Report No.7 – Minefield Clearance and Casualties, Holland 1945 was initially intended to gather lessons about minefield clearance casualties in relation to combat. It became a significant …
Accidents And Field Medical Provision, Andy Smith
Accidents And Field Medical Provision, Andy Smith
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
No one knows for sure how frequently accidents occur in humanitarian demining. This is partly because the details of accidents involving state employees are rarely shared, and national laws often restrict access to police or military reports. It is also because there is a frequent failure to comply with the reporting requirement described in the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS). IMAS 10.60 requires that “an accident in which a mine, ERW or explosives harms a demining employee, visitor, or member of the local population” shall be investigated and the report made available. However, although it is a requirement to share …
Booby-Traps And Anti-Handling Devices: Common Tactics, Michael Cardash
Booby-Traps And Anti-Handling Devices: Common Tactics, Michael Cardash
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Booby-traps are designed to entice victims to perform a physical action with an apparently harmless object that hides an explosive device that leads to the device’s unexpected initiation. Many booby-traps are improvised explosives devices (IED) and feature some kind of bait targeted to exploit emotions and the anticipated actions of security forces or civilians, who will initiate the explosive device in close proximity. Baiting is designed to attract attention and cause the victim to approach the IED. It is intended to pique curiosity or instinctual feelings, such as the desire to help (bait in the form of a body or …
Interviews With Hma Directors: Major General J.M. Cowan, Major General J.M. Cowan
Interviews With Hma Directors: Major General J.M. Cowan, Major General J.M. Cowan
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction is introducing a section dedicated to sharing the insights and experiences of those working in the field. This issue features HMA directors. Future issues will feature interviews with photojournalists, survivors, and veterans of the HMA community.
Collaborative Demining Training In Cambodia, Jorge Rivero, Tom Gersbeck
Collaborative Demining Training In Cambodia, Jorge Rivero, Tom Gersbeck
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Since 2016, the Center for Fire and Explosives, Forensic Investigations, Training and Research at Oklahoma State University (OSU) has teamed up with Golden West Humanitarian Foundation to offer an extraordinary training opportunity to military and civilian bomb experts, as well as OSU medical personnel and students. During the second half of January 2018, a group of civilian law enforcement bomb technicians, military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) technicians, medical personnel, a lawyer, and educators visited Cambodia to participate in the OSU Explosives Ordnance seminar conducted by Golden West.
Interviews With Hma Directors: Arianna Calza Bini, Arianna Calza Bini
Interviews With Hma Directors: Arianna Calza Bini, Arianna Calza Bini
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction is introducing a section dedicated to sharing the insights and experiences of those working in the field. This issue features HMA directors. Future issues will feature interviews with photojournalists, survivors, and veterans of the HMA community.
The Challenges Of Humanitarian Mine Clearance In Ukraine, Toby Robinson, Rosanna O'Keeffe
The Challenges Of Humanitarian Mine Clearance In Ukraine, Toby Robinson, Rosanna O'Keeffe
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The HALO Trust has been working in Ukraine since 2015, a year after the hostilities in the east of the country began. Both the ongoing conflict in the Donbas and tensions on the border with Russia have left large areas of land contaminated with landmines and other explosive remnants of war (ERW). In places where the frontline has moved on and the fighting has stopped, mines and other ERW remain, preventing the lives of civilians from returning to normal.
Apopo Annual Report 2019, Apopo
Apopo Annual Report 2019, Apopo
Global CWD Repository
APOPO originated from the idea of its founder Bart Weetjens to trains rats for the detection of landmines. Now, over 20 years later, APOPO deploys rats to find landmines and tuberculosis in many affected countries, and continues innovating to use its African Giant Pouched Rats in the battle against other scourges.
APOPO trains these ‘HeroRATs’ using positive reinforcement – they receive tasty treats when they identify a target scent. HeroRATs are at the core of the organization and it’s reflected in the way they are protected and responsibly raised.
Our Training and Research center is based at the foothills of …
Demining The Tajik-Uzbek Border: What Have We Learned From The Tajik Experience?, Henrique Garbino, Erkin Huseinov
Demining The Tajik-Uzbek Border: What Have We Learned From The Tajik Experience?, Henrique Garbino, Erkin Huseinov
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Following the recent political rapprochement between the governments of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in March 2018, a joint commission was created to investigate the minefields along the Tajik-Uzbek border and schedule their clearance. The Uzbek government first expressed the intention to remove the landmines along its borders in 2004 and later reported the start of unilateral demining operations in 2005 by the Uzbek military. Less than three years later, Uzbek demining teams had reportedly cleared 95 percent of the minefields along the Tajik border. However, this has not been verified by independent organizations, and civilians still fall victim to landmines in …
Ppe Development And Needs In Hma, Andy Smith
Ppe Development And Needs In Hma, Andy Smith
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
As written in the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) 10.30 on personal protective equipment (PPE), “the primary means of preventing explosive injury in the workplace is by the supervised use of demining tools and processes that reduce the likelihood of an unintended detonation.” The IMAS goes on to state that PPE “should be the final protective measure after all planning, training and procedural efforts to reduce risk have been taken.” To date the “final protective measure” has been to provide PPE that is practical but that does not provide full protection.
Apopo Annual Report 2018, Apopo
Apopo Annual Report 2018, Apopo
Global CWD Repository
APOPO is a non-profit organization with roots in Belgium. For 20 years we have trained African giant pouched rats to detect landmines and tuberculosis around the world. APOPO trains the ‘HeroRATs’ using positive reinforcement – they receive tasty treats when they identify a target scent. HeroRATs are at the core of the organization and this is reflected in the way we protect them and provide loving care and attention.
The main hub of the organization, the Training and R&D center, is located in Tanzania, where all the HeroRATs are trained before being sent to global operations. This is where all …
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction Issue 21.2 (2017), Cisr Jmu
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction Issue 21.2 (2017), Cisr Jmu
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Feature: The Evolving Nature of Survey | Special Report: 21st Century Survey in Eastern Ukraine and the use of Technology in Insecure Environments | Spotlight: Southeast Asia | Field Notes | Research and Development
Apopo Annual Report 2017, Apopo
Apopo Annual Report 2017, Apopo
Global CWD Repository
APOPO is a global nonprofit organization that researches, develops, and implements scent-detection technology to combat global humanitarian issues. APOPO’s detection rats currently detect landmines or tuberculosis in 5 affected countries around the world.
The rats are trained through clicker/reward methods, receiving tasty food treats when they identify explosives or tuberculosis. They are never harmed, because they are too light to actually set off any landmines and are cared for under strict animal welfare guidelines.
APOPO has mine action programmes in Angola, Cambodia, and Mozambique and is preparing operations in Zimbabwe and Colombia. APOPO also detects tuberculosis in Tanzania and Mozambique, …
Working From A Distance In War-Affected Libya, Nikolaj Søndergaard
Working From A Distance In War-Affected Libya, Nikolaj Søndergaard
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
A unique partnership between DanChurchAid (DCA) and Lebanese authorities facilitates explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) training for Libyan authorities, who can now start their own national EOD teams and begin the clearance process.
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction Issue 20.2 (2016), Cisr Jmu
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction Issue 20.2 (2016), Cisr Jmu
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Mobile Technologies in CWD
South and Central Asia
Field Notes
Research and Development
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction Issue 20.1 (2016), Cisr Journal
The Journal Of Conventional Weapons Destruction Issue 20.1 (2016), Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Best Practices in CWD | Spotlight on Eastern Europe and the Caucasus | Notes from the Field | Research & Development
Technology Research In Mine Action: Enough Is Enough, Russell Gasser
Technology Research In Mine Action: Enough Is Enough, Russell Gasser
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Twenty years ago I started work on a doctorate thesis asking the question: “Why has research into new technologies for mine action had so little success?” My research discovered that about one billion dollars had been spent by the year 2000 on fundamental and applied research to produce new technologies to solve the mine problem. The resulting benefit for humanitarian mine action was indeed very small. Since then, large-scale spending has continued with limited success. Researchers and their funders have not learned from continued, expensive failure. There is clear cause and effect at work, which means that many research projects …
Apopo Annual Report 2016, Apopo
Apopo Annual Report 2016, Apopo
Global CWD Repository
APOPO is a global non-profit organization registered in Belgium that researches, develops and implements detection rat technology for humanitarian purposes. Detection rats, nicknamed HeroRATs, save lives by detecting landmines and tuberculosis. APOPO is headquartered in Tanzania and clears landmines in Mozambique, Angola and Cambodia, and soon in Zimbabwe. APOPO also detects tuberculosis in Tanzania and Mozambique and soon in Ethiopia. APOPO’s research and development center is based in Tanzania.
Apopo Annual Report 2015, Apopo
Apopo Annual Report 2015, Apopo
Global CWD Repository
I first met the amazing HeroRATs in 2008 when I was an APOPO deminer detecting landmines in Mozambique. I had been invited to APOPO’s HQ and Training & Research Center in Tanzania and was about to embark on my new career as a Mine Detection Rat Handler. Although I had worked with trained dogs before I was still amazed at the rat’s abilities; their speed and accuracy. The Tanzania team taught me about scent detection theory and technology, as well as animal welfare and veterinary skills. In return I told them about the suffering in my country. At that time, …
Effects Of Mixed Teams On Land Release, Arianna Calza Bini, Nyske Janssen, Abigail Jones
Effects Of Mixed Teams On Land Release, Arianna Calza Bini, Nyske Janssen, Abigail Jones
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Gender and Mine Action Programme (GMAP) investigated the impact of mixed gender teams on land release. Based on the opinion of the respondents, as well as gender baseline assessments conducted by GMAP, the organization found that in most cases mixed teams in the land release process are primarily associated with the employment of women and its effect on the teams. Some mine action managers indicated that mixed teams actually enable better access to information while only a few respondents indicated that more accurate and inclusive information will allow mine action organizations to prioritize tasks where the impact is highest. …
Get More Value For Money: The Benefits Of Multiyear Funding, Fabienne Moust, James De La Vingne
Get More Value For Money: The Benefits Of Multiyear Funding, Fabienne Moust, James De La Vingne
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In the experience of the government of the Netherlands, multiyear funding plans increase the efficiency and effectiveness of humanitarian mine action programs for donors, operators and national authorities.
Quality Management Systems In Mine Action Programs, Pascal Simon, Stefan De Coninck
Quality Management Systems In Mine Action Programs, Pascal Simon, Stefan De Coninck
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The United Nations Mine Action Service in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is in the process of implementing a new quality management system (QMS) for mine action in DRC. The QMS was implemented in July 2013 and its progress continues to be carefully monitored each quarter.
Scalable Technical Survey For Improved Land-Release Rates, Håvard Bach
Scalable Technical Survey For Improved Land-Release Rates, Håvard Bach
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) tailors technical survey (TS) to allow for more efficient use of mine action assets and improved land-release rates. Many organizations consider TS an isolated activity and fail to streamline and effectively implement TS as a tool to reduce unnecessary, time-consuming and costly deployment of mine action resources.
Environmentally Responsible Saa Disposal, Ian Biddle
Environmentally Responsible Saa Disposal, Ian Biddle
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The need to dispose of small arms ammunition (SAA) for short-term stability and security concerns has traditionally outweighed the long-term need for environmentally responsible disposal. The author suggests the international community should change its procedures concerning SAA disposal and promote more environmentally friendly disposal methods.
Understanding The Use Of Prodders In Mine Detection, Andy Smith
Understanding The Use Of Prodders In Mine Detection, Andy Smith
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Can prodding reliably detect mines? Though it may seem obvious to many in humanitarian mine action (HMA) that prodding alone cannot safely and reliably detect mines, recent accidents show that some expatriate newcomers to HMA do not know the risks involved in prodding or that prodding to a depth of 30 cm (12 in) is impossible.
Apopo Annual Report 2014, Apopo
Apopo Annual Report 2014, Apopo
Global CWD Repository
APOPO is an organization geared for positive social impact through the energy and dedication of our people. In 2014, with over 800 staff we nurtured and supported new, diverse and passionate talent from all over the world. As Chairwoman of APOPO I am pleased to introduce you to them, as well as share with you the news of our successes and challenges.
Sustainability is integral to our work and we aim to improve people’s lives by breaking down the barriers to development. Testament to this is almost two and half million square meters of mine-free land we handed back in …
Survivor Success Story: Mezgebu Abiyu Tesfaye, Bekele Gonfa
Survivor Success Story: Mezgebu Abiyu Tesfaye, Bekele Gonfa
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Mezgebu Abiyu Tesfaye, an Ethiopian landmine survivor, was born in the East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, in 1967. Raised in a farming family, Mezgebu left school after the eighth grade to help his parents care for their cattle and do daily chores.
Has The Ccm Accommodated Gender?, Dalila Mahdawi
Has The Ccm Accommodated Gender?, Dalila Mahdawi
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
While the Convention on Cluster Munitions has taken steps to include gender, it missed the opportunity to mainstream gender into a disarmament treaty.