Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Self-Knowledge Of Iq Score On Academic Self-Concept In College Students, Brian Piispanen

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study was conducted to examine the effects of self-knowledge of IQ on the academic self-concept of college students. More specifically, the effects of confirmation or disconfirmation of one's expectation of IQ score were investigated. After predicting what their IQ scores would be, 93 undergraduates from Introduction to Psychology classes at Western Kentucky University were administered the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form L-M). After the subjects were told their obtained IQ scores, they were given the Academic Choices Questionnaire (ACQ), an instrument specifically created for this study to measure academic self-concept. The experimental group was divided into four groups: 1) those …

Habilitation In Michigan’S Developmental Centers Since The Enactment Of The Michigan Mental Health Code, Janet Maccormack

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Fixed-Ratio And Fixed-Interval Schedules Of Reinforcement On Generalization Gradients, Christy L. Sutton

Graduate Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement on generalization gradients. The subjects were four female rats from the Fischer strain. All subjects v/ere conditioned in the presence of a 2000 hz tone to press the bar for reinforcement. Each subject was then trained to one of the following-schedules of reinforcement: FR-5, FR-30, FI-5, or FI-30. After maintenance on this terminal schedule for three days the subjects were tested for generalization. The generalization test consisted of variations in the frequency of the original SD. Response rate was recorded and gradients of …

The Use Of Contingency Contracting To Maintain And Improve Jogging (An Exercise Behavior) In A Group Of Community Women, Nancy Lai-Shi Chan

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Suggested Sight Vocabulary Training Program, Martin Halvorsen

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Hypoglycemia And Related Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Sharon Ruth Porteous

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Importance Of An Educational Phase To The Stress Inoculation Of Anxiety, Susan Elizabeth Naggs

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of an educational component to the stress inoculation training (SIT) package, as well as the generalization of such training to non-targeted stressors. Twenty-eight students from introductory speech classes at the University of Richmond were matched in sets of four and placed into one of the following groups: Ed only, Skills only, Combo, and No treatment Control. Pre and post measures of anxiety were obtained through the administration of the STAI, SE, TAS, and AAT scales. The three treatment groups attended a speech anxiety workshop where various components of the SIT …

Images Of Women And Men In Contemporary Pop Song: Production And Perception, Gloriaa Norgang

Master's Theses

This study explored the images of women and men presented in the 1978 top 25 pop songs. An evaluation of these images was made by 23 women and 21 men. Each evaluator chose one of seven descriptors (objectifier, diminutizer, user, appreciating, used, diminutized, and objectified) to describe each female and male character in each pop song. Chi square analyses indicated that the sex of character effect on the descriptor frequencies was significant for women and men evaluators. Differences between women and men evaluators were not significant for female nor male characters. Analyses of data from both women and men evaluators …

Salt Appetite During Acute Sodium Deficiency In The Gerbil, Elvira K. Perewiznyk

Master's Theses

In the present study, two experiments were conducted to examine the gerbil's response to acute sodium deficiency. Adult male gerbils were either exposed to a 1% b.w. subcutaneous injection of 1.5% formalin or a vehicle control injection. Within each injection level, half the animals were further assigned to either an isotonic saline or a water vehicle. Immediately following the injection, each S had access to isotonic saline and water as their drinking fluid. The formalin dissolved in water group displayed a significant increase in saline consumption, but at the same time decreased their water intake, in comparison to the water …

Avoidance Learning Of Anxiety : An Application Of Signal Detection Theory, Maribeth Ekey

Master's Theses

The purpose of the present study was to test the appli­ cation of Signal Detection Theory to a model for the development of anxiety. An attempt was made to condi­ tion anxiety responses to decreasing magnitudes of a noxious stimulus through the negative reinforcement of avoidance behavior. An analogue based on Mandler and Watson's (1966) interruption theory was designed. Data from 32 male and female volunteers from the University of Richmond subject pool were used in the final analy­ sis. All students were pretested with Sarason's (1972) Test Anxiety Scale and placed in high- and low-anxiety groups according to …

Teaching-Care: Developing Therapeutic Staff-Client Interactions During Daily Care Activities, Martin T. Ivancic

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Response Strength In Multiple Pacing Schedules, Stephen J. Fath

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Generalization Of Behavior Modification Skills Acquired Through Observation Training Procedures, Thomas E. Mccarthy

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Behavioral Contrast Using Multiple Discriminative Stimuli, Gary M. Stoynoff

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Culture Shock And Adaptation Among Student Missionaries To Japan, Sheryl J. Craig

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to delineate certain parameters of the experience of student missionaries to Japan. This study was a longitudinal, descriptive study which identified background characteristics, aspects of the adaptation process, and stages and intensity of culture shock.

A group of twenty-seven student missionaries were followed from their arrival in Japan, which occurred over a three-month summer period, through the following May, just prior to their expected departure. Data were gathered using interviews, questionnaires, a semantic differential (to measure attitudes), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

The time when subjects were most at risk for high anxiety, poorer …

Consciousness, Neurons, And Laughing Gas, Dody Michelson Orendurff

Dissertations and Theses

Psychological and physiological effects of nitrous oxide resemble those of eight other drug categories. Lipid solubility or hydrate microcrystal theories correlate behavioral measures with measurable parameters of the molecule N₂O. N₂O, a spindle poison, halts mitosis in metaphase, producing widespread physiological consequences. N₂O affects the microtubules of the spindle in a number of specific ways. Microtubules are utilized in other parts of eukaryotic cells, in a wide variety of functions. In neurons, microtubules build and maintain dendritic sensory processes. Since microtubules are built of two dissimilar proteins, constantly assemble and disassemble, and maintain a …

The Use Of Sensory Extinction In The Treatment Of Self-Injurious Behavior, Michael F. Dorsey

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Level Of Stress And Group Cohesiveness In The Wilderness Experience Using The Mmpi And Sociograms, Susan Elaine Roden Cave

Psychology ETDs

An experiential treatment program based on the concepts of Outward Bound, the Wilderness Experience was investigated regarding its thera­peutic efficacy for the criminal first offender and offenders soon to be placed on probation/parole. The level of stress, defined as danger de morte or fear of death, and the degree of group cohesiveness that developed in the small working groups were studied as the principal causative actors for therapeutic gain. Relative to a control group composed of offender volunteers at the Penitentiary of New Mexico undergoing sixty-day diagnostic evaluation, different therapeutic effects were found for the two levels of stress. Using …

An Experimental Model Using Dance Training As Therapy For Women Over Thirty Five, Thelma J. Lofquist

Dissertations and Theses

The intent of this study was to use an experimental model to investigate the use of dance training for improving the self-esteem of women over the age of 35.

Sixteen women over the age of 35 were taught jazz dance over a 10 week period. A pre and post test of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale was used on both a dance group and a no dance group. It was hypothesized there would be positive changes in three of the 10 scores in the TSCS for the dance group, but not for the no dance group. The scores predicted to …

The Role Of The Schema As Indicated By Interference Effects In Memory, Paula Trotter Hertel

Psychology ETDs

Three retroactive interference experiments investigated issues regarding the nature of memory representations for passage information. One approach to passage memory has been to assume that passage theme or gist is stored separately from lower-order representations of passage elements. Another view portrays passage information as stored in an integrated fashion. In this regard, the concept of a schema has been used to indicate either a separately stored structure for passage information, similar to the theme, or a structure which propositionally connects passage elements into a unified representation. Each general view of passage representations and the role of the schema leads to …

Head Start Four And Five Year Old Children’S Attitudes Toward School As They Are Related To Achievement, Eugene Smith

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine if there existed significant relationships between 4 and 5 year old children’s attitude toward school, their classroom teacher’s perception of their attitude toward school, length of time in school, sex, or a composite of these with their achievement on the Pre-School Attainment Record. A random sample of 55 Head Start children completed three instruments. The instruments used in this study were a revised Children’s Attitude Toward School Scale (CATSS-R), (Beere, 1970) The Pre-School Attainment Record (PAR), (Doll, 1966) and the Teachers Rating of Attitude of Children Toward School (TRACTS). The results of …

The Effect Of Leadership Predictions On Actual Leadership Emergence In Small Task Groups, Robert Anderson Jr.

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research has shown that prior expectations of on individual's performance can have a significant effect on others behavior and attitudes toward that individual. This phenomenon was tested on the emergent leadership process with zero history groups. Male students in various social fraternities at a regional university were given a leadership test designed to measure their leadership abilities. The leadership tests were never scored, but the subjects were told that they were, and, one of the group members was reported as scoring exceptionally nigh. The group was then given one of two tasks to perform, and the emergent leadership process was …

A Reexamination Of The Additivity Issue Of Extrinsic & Intrinsic Motivation, David Fransway

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effects of extrinsic rewards upon an individual's intrinsic motivation were examine'.; in this paper. Initially, four tasks (computer, geometric, letter erasure, and verbal) which have been used in past studies were evaluated for their degree of intrinsic motivation. The two tasks with the highest level of intrinsic motivation (computer and verbal) as identified by significant differences on attitudinal measures of task satisfaction and competency were selected for the second experiment. Manipulation of the extrinsic rewards (contingent, noncontingent, and no-reward) provided a test of the additivity notion of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Results indicated by analysis of attitudinal measures that …

Drinking Among College Students & Personality Factors Related To Alcoholism, James Mills

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The relationship between the drinking patterns of college students and personality factors, which have previously been shown to different:late between alcoholic and non-alcoholic populations, was examined in this study. Subjects were categorized into six groups based on self-reports of the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption. The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale and the 16PF personality test were administered to all subjects. Pearson Product-moment correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between levels of drinking and personality factors demonstrated by the subject population. It was found that the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale score was significantly correlated with drinking level among young adults. This …

The Use Of The Rorschach With Young Children: Special Considerations In Administration, Scoring, And Interpretation And In The Measurement Of Cognitive Functioning, Patricia Parry Barber

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A discussion of the Rorschach's validity as a diagnostic tool seems most manageable when validity is addressed not in terms of global personality descriptions, but rather in terms of specific subquestions. This paper investigates the Rorschach's usefulness as an indicator of cognitive functioning in preadolescent children. Within a developmental framework and focusing primarily upon the cognitive theories of Jean Piaget, predictable stages of the child's intellective growth are described with an emphasis on Rorschach response patterns which seem to best chronicle that growth. Empirical data from both clinical and educational spheres are offered as supportive evidence for the Rorschach as …

Operant Techniques For Teaching Speech Behavior To Severely Language Handicapped Children: A Review, James Archbold

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This paper is a detailed review of published research related to the use of operant procedures and techniques in the development of speech behaviors in severely language handicapped children. Review of this literature suggests that there currently exists an operant technology for the development of speech behaviors in a great many severely language handicapped children. Based on the procedures reviewed, a general program for the development of speech behaviors is suggested, which includes behavioral referents by means of which a therapist may both determine the potential utility of the recommended techniques and decide upon an appropriate starting point for training.

Experimental And Standard Formats For Procedural Instruction: Evaluation Of Merging Pictorials And Words, Anne M. Polino

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Three methods of training procedural tasks were studied. Forty-five high aptitude and fourth-five low aptitude Naval trainees from the Basic Electronics and Electricity School, Orlando, Florida, were given training with either a programmed instruction text with a pictorial-print information presentation format, or a standard narrative text. The effects of instructional method and aptitude on the performance of a procedural task after 1 1/2 hours of study and after on week's time were evaluated. It was shown that subjects who studied the programmed instruction text with the pictorial-print information presentation format made significantly (p<.0001) fewer performance errors, immediately after study and after one week, than did the subjects who studied the other methods. It was also shown that high aptitude subjects performed significantly (p<.0001) better than low aptitude subjects, regardless of training method. However, it was found that the low aptitude subjects who studied the programmed instruction text with the pictorial-print information presentation format performed significantly (p < 0.1) better than the low aptitude subjects who studied the other materials. These low aptitude subjects who studied the other materials. These low aptitude subjects also performed significantly (p < .01) better than the high aptitude subjects who studied the standard narrative text.

The Effects Of Marijuana Smoking On Human Subjects: A Literature Review, Gregory Roth Burmeister

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This paper is a critical review of current research on the effects of marijuana use in human subjects. The first three sections provide basic information on the pharmacology of marijuana, the methodological difficulties in marijuana research, and the subjective effects associated with its use. The main body of the paper deals with psychological and physiological effects separately.

How To Make A Token Economy Work: Goals And Variables Of Token Economies With The Institutionalized Mentally Retarded, Laura Ann Wade

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Token systems of reinforcement are an increasingly popular method of modifying the behavior of the institutionalized mentally retarded. The dramatic success of the token economy has resulted in its programmatic use without full consideration for the relevancy of treatment goals and the numerous variables that may contribute to the successful implementation and maintenance of the token economy. An examination of the treatment goals found in the existing literature reveals that two orientations presently exist: management/control and therapeutic/educative. Furthermore, a review of the literature reveals differing methods or variables may contribute to achieving a successful token economy with the mentally retarded. …

Employee Attitude Invariance: A Guide For Personnel Practitioners, Robert A. Cohen

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.