Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Machine Learning Prediction Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Trajectories Following Traumatic Injury: Identification And Validation In Two Independent Samples, Carissa W. Tomas, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Carisa Bergner, Cecilia J. Hillard, Christine L. Larson, Terri A. Deroon-Cassini

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Due to its heterogeneity, the prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development after traumatic injury is difficult. Recent machine learning approaches have yielded insight into predicting PTSD symptom trajectories. Using data collected within 1 month of traumatic injury, we applied eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) to classify admitted and discharged patients (hospitalized, n = 192; nonhospitalized, n = 214), recruited from a Level 1 trauma center, according to PTSD symptom trajectories. Trajectories were identified using latent class mixed models on PCL-5 scores collected at baseline, 1–3 months posttrauma, and 6 months posttrauma. In both samples, nonremitting, remitting, and resilient PTSD symptom …

A Comparison Of Methods To Harmonize Cortical Thickness Measurements Across Scanners And Sites, Delin Sun, Gopalkumar Rakesh, Courtney C. Haswell, Mark Logue, C. Lexi Baird, Erin N. O'Learly, Andrew S. Cotton, Hong Xie, Marijo Tamburrino, Tian Chen, Emily L. Dennis, Neda Jahanshad, Lauren Salminen, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Faisal Rashid, Christopher R.K. Ching, Saskia B.J. Koch, Jessie L. Frijling, Laura Nawijn, Mirjam Van Zuiden, Xi Zhu, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Anika Sierk, Henrik Walter, Antje Manthey, Jennifer S. Stevens, Negar Fani, Sanne J.H. Van Rooij, Murray Stein, Jessica A. Bomyea, Inga K. Koerte, Kyle Choi, Steven J.A. Van Der Werff, Robert R.J.M. Vermeiren, Julia Herzog, Lauren A. M. Lebois, Justin T. Baker, Elizabeth A. Olson, Thomas Straube, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Elpiniki Andrew, Ye Zhu, Gen Li, Jonathan Ipser, Anna R. Hudson, Matthew Peverill, Kelly Sambrook, Evan Gordon, Lee A. Baugh, Gina L. Forster, Raluca M. Simons, Jeffrey S. Simons, Vincent A. Magnotta, Adi Maron-Katz, Stefan Du Plessis, Seth Disner, Nicholas Davenport, Daniel W. Grupe, Jack B. Nitschke, Terri A. Deroon-Cassini, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, John H. Krystal, Ifat Levy, Miranda Olff, Dick J. Veltman, Li Wang, Yuval Neria, Michael D. De Bellis, Tanja Jovanovic, Judith K. Daniels, Martha E. Shenton, Nic J.A. Van De Wee, Christian Schmahl, Milissa L. Kaufman, Isabelle M. Rosso, Scott R. Sponheim, David Hofmann, Richard A. Bryant, Kelene A. Fercho, Dan J. Stein, Sven C. Mueller, Bobak Hosseini, K. Luan Phan, Katie A. Mclaughlin, Richard J. Davidson, Christine L. Larson, Geoffrey May, Steven M. Nelson, Chadi G. Abdallah, Hassaan Gomaa, Amit Etkin, Soraya Seedat, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, Israel Liberzon, Theo G.M. Van Erp, Yann Quidé, Xin Wang, Paul M. Thompson, Rajendra A. Morey

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Results of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple sites may be biased by site-specific profiles in participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as MRI acquisition protocols and scanning platforms. We compared the impact of four different harmonization methods on results obtained from analyses of cortical thickness data: (1) linear mixed-effects model (LME) that models site-specific random intercepts (LMEINT), (2) LME that models both site-specific random intercepts and age-related random slopes (LMEINT+SLP), (3) ComBat, and (4) ComBat with a generalized additive model (ComBat-GAM). Our test case for comparing harmonization methods was cortical thickness data aggregated from 29 sites, which included 1,340 …

Critical Care Nurse Burnout, Moral Distress, And Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A United States Survey, Jill L. Guttormson, Kelly Calkins, Natalie S. Mcandrew, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Holly Lynn Losurdo, Danielle Loonsfoot

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to have a tremendous influence on intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ mental health.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of COVID-19 on nurse moral distress, burnout, and mental health.

Methods

Between October 2020 and January 2021 this descriptive study recruited a national sample of nurses who worked in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic through American Association of Critical Care Nurses newsletters and social media.

Results

A total of 488 survey responses were received from critical care nurses working in the U.S. during the COVID pandemic. Over …

Strengthening The Procedural Fidelity Research-To-Practice Loop In Animal Behavior, Tiffany Kodak, Samantha Bergmann, Mindy Waite

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Procedural fidelity is the extent to which components of an intervention are implemented as designed. Procedural fidelity is measured as a dependent variable and manipulated as an independent variable. In research and practice, procedural-fidelity data should be collected, monitored, and reported. Procedural fidelity as an independent variable has been investigated in humans using parametric analyses, and the current article summarizes some of the research conducted on the effects of procedural-fidelity errors in behavior-reduction and skill-acquisition interventions. Connections were drawn to applied animal researchers and the work of animal behavior practitioners to produce implications for practice with human and animal clients …

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage And The Neurobiology Of Uncertainty In Traumatically Injured Adults, Carissa W. Tomas, E. Kate Webb, Kenneth P. Bennett, Ashley A. Huggins, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Tara A. Miskovich, Jessica L. Krukowski, Terri A. Deroon-Cassini, Christine L. Larson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Individuals residing in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater uncertainty through insecurity of basic needs such as food, employment, and housing, compared with more advantaged neighborhoods. Although the neurobiology of uncertainty has been less frequently examined in relation to neighborhood disadvantage, there is evidence that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with widespread neural alterations.

Methods

Recently traumatically injured participants (n = 90) completed a picture anticipation task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, in which they viewed images presented in a temporally predictable or unpredictable manner. We investigated how neighborhood disadvantage (via area deprivation index [ADI]) was related to …

Long-Term Outcomes Of Behavior Therapy For Youth With Tourette Disorder, Flint M. Epsil, Douglas W. Woods, Matthew W. Specht, Shannon M. Bennett, John T. Walkup, Emily J. Ricketts, Joseph F. Mcguire, Jordan T. Stiede, Jennifer S. Schild, Susanna W. Chang, Alan L. Peterson, Lawrence Scahill, Sabine Wilhelm, John Piacentini

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To determine the long-term durability of behavior therapy for tics among youth with Tourette disorder and persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorders.

Method

Of the 126 youth who participated in a randomized controlled trial of behavior therapy 11 years prior, 80 were recruited for this longitudinal follow-up. Consenting participants were interviewed in person or remotely (Web-based video) by trained evaluators to determine the course of tics, current tic severity, and tic-related impairment. Recruitment and data collection occurred between 2014 and 2019, with an average follow-up duration of 11.2 years.

Results

Treatment responders to both conditions in the original …

Comparing Matrix-Training Procedures With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Samantha Bergmann, Gabriella Van Den Elzen, Tiffany Kodak, Haven Niland, Desiree Dawson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Recombinative generalization is the production of responses in the presence of novel combinations of known components. For example, after learning “red triangle” and “blue square,” recombinative generalization is observed when a child can tact “red square” and “blue triangle.” Recombinative generalization can emerge from a history of matrix training, which involves carefully selecting and arranging stimuli and responses along at least two axes and training a subset of responses. With three children with autism spectrum disorder, we compared recombinative generalization of object–action or feature–object tacts when the component stimuli were trained before combination stimuli, trained along with combination stimuli, or …

Subjective Well-Being And Bilateral Anterior Insula Functional Connectivity After Exercise Intervention In Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment, Junyeon Won, Kristy A. Nielson, J. Smith Carson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

While it is well known that exercise training is associated with improvement in subjective well-being among older adults, it is unclear if individuals with cognitive impairment experience the same effects elicited by exercise on subjective well-being. We further explored whether the bilateral anterior insula network may be an underlying neural mechanism for the exercise training-related improvements in subjective well-being. We investigated the effects of exercise training on subjective well-being in older adults (78.4 ± 7.1 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 14) and a cognitively normal (CN; n = 14) control group. We specifically assessed the relationship between …

Constellations Of Family Closeness And Adolescent Friendship Quality, Mengya Xia, Gregory M. Fosco, Bethany C. Bray, John H. Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

This study aims to investigate the association between family relationship constellations and adolescent friendship quality in a more holistic way and disentangle gender differences on their associations.

Background

Family relationships are important for adolescent friendship, but little is known about how mother–adolescent and father–adolescent relationships work in the context of each other.

Method

Latent profile analysis was conducted in a sample of 326 ethnically diverse high schoolers (ages: 14–19 years; 60.4% female) to identify different combinations of mother– and father–adolescent closeness and their associations with friendships for adolescent boys and girls.

Results

Findings revealed five family relationship patterns: Cohesive …

Cultural Adaptation Profiles Among Mexican-Descent Latinxs: Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, And Depression., Mark W. Driscoll, Lucas Torres

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives: Person-centered analysis was used to examine profiles of acculturation and acculturative stress among Mexican-descent adults in relation to depression. It was hypothesized that identified profiles would support multiple acculturation styles, that acculturation profiles would differentially relate to acculturative stress dimensions, and that those profiles with greater Latinx acculturation and lower acculturative stress would report less severe depression. Method: Mexican-descent Latinx adults (n = 230) completed self-report measures of Latinx and Anglo acculturation, acculturative stress, and depression symptom severity. Latent profile analysis was used to derive acculturation–acculturative stress profiles. Results: Three distinct profiles emerged. One profile was notable for …

Replication Of A Skills Assessment For Auditory–Visual Conditional Discrimination Training, Tiffany Kodak, Samantha Bergmann, Maria Clara Cordeiro, Meredity Bamond, Robert W. Isenhower, Kate E. Fiske

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Auditory–visual conditional discrimination training (e.g., receptive identification training, listener responses; AVCD) is ubiquitous in early intervention and special education programs. Nevertheless, some learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) do not appear to benefit from this training despite use of empirically validated treatments. To prevent exposure to extended training that does not lead to learning, a skills assessment that measures skills related to AVCD training will be useful for educators and practitioners. The current study replicated the skills assessment developed and evaluated by Kodak et al. (2015) with 8 participants with ASD who received behavior analytic intervention that included at least …

Psychophysiological Predictors Of Change In Emotion Dysregulation 6 Months After Traumatic Injury, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Sydney Clare Timmer-Murillo, Claire Sheeran, Hailey Begg, Morgan Christoph, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Christine L. Larson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Emotional dysregulation that occurs after trauma conveys risk for multiple disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Psychophysiological data (e.g., skin conductance level [SCL]) may be a useful biomarker for quantifying emotion dysregulation given that autonomic nervous system (ANS)-mediated arousal may underlie this feature. In this longitudinal study, we tested whether SCL collected following a single-incident traumatic injury could predict changes in emotion dysregulation over 6 months. Sixty-six adults were recruited from the emergency department; SCL was quantified during an active trauma narrative, in which participants re-told their traumatic event to a research staff member, as well as a …

Cognitive Control Processes In Behavior Therapy For Youth With Tourette’S Disorder, Joseph F. Mcguire, Alexandra Sturm, Emily J. Ricketts, Gabrielle E. Montalbano, Susanna W. Chang, Sandra K. Loo, Douglas W. Woods, James T. Mccracken, John Piacentini

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Cognitive control processes are implicated in the behavioral treatment of Tourette’s disorder (TD). However, the influence of these processes on treatment outcomes has received minimal attention. This study examined whether cognitive control processes and/or tic suppression predicted reductions in tic severity and treatment response to behavior therapy.

Method

Fifty-three youth with TD or a pervasive tic disorder participated in a randomized wait list-controlled trial of behavior therapy. Following a baseline assessment to evaluate psychiatric diagnoses, tic severity, and cognitive control processes (e.g., response selection, inhibition, and suppression), youth were randomly assigned to receive eight sessions of behavior therapy ( …

“It Still Happened”: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Of College Students’ Rationales For Endorsing Acts Of Violence Victimization, Kristen Yule, John H. Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: Measures of relationship violence have been criticized for failing to distinguish intentional acts of aggression from behaviors that occur in a playful context. However, efforts to reduce this concern by modifying the questionnaires’ instructions have not reliably reduced reporting rates or improved the criterion validity of the measures. This experimental study investigated how respondents who were randomly assigned to one of three instruction conditions perceived and responded to a measure of relationship violence.

Method: Undergraduate students (N = 150) reported on partner violence victimization using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI; Wolfe et al., 2001). They received …

Exploring American Parents' Lived Experiences During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Ramifications For Well-Being, Astrida S. Kaugars, Lindsay E. Holly, Mary Tait, Debra L. Oswald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

The objective of this study was to document the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and families in the United States.

Methods

Parents’ experiences during the pandemic were examined using an online survey (N = 564) collected during May and June 2020.

Results

Parents reported experiencing a high frequency of COVID-19-related events (e.g., job loss and health concerns) and impact on their lives. Parents’ experiences with COVID-19, as well as self-reported perceived increase in home labor, experiences with assisting children with remote schooling, and work-life conflict were all significantly associated with higher levels of parental role …

Exploring American Parents’ Lived Experiences During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Ramifications For Well-Being, Astrida S. Kaugars, Lindsay E. Holly, Mary Tait, Debra L. Oswald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

The objective of this study was to document the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and families in the United States.

Methods

Parents’ experiences during the pandemic were examined using an online survey (N = 564) collected during May and June 2020.

Results

Parents reported experiencing a high frequency of COVID-19-related events (e.g., job loss and health concerns) and impact on their lives. Parents’ experiences with COVID-19, as well as self-reported perceived increase in home labor, experiences with assisting children with remote schooling, and work-life conflict were all significantly associated with higher levels of parental role …

Examining Differences In Parenting Stress, Parenting Efficacy, And Household Context Among Mothers Of Youth With Autism And/Or Adhd, Hillary K. Schiltz, Alana J. Mcvey, Kelsey Gonring, Angela D. Haendel, Christina Murphy, Amy V. Van Hecke, Alyson C. Gerdes

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Parents of youth with neurodevelopmental disorders experience unique stressors in family functioning when compared to parents of neurotypical youth. A paucity of research, however, has examined differences in parenting experiences across families of youth with varying neurodevelopmental disorder presentations. This paper focuses on two common and frequently co-occurring conditions: autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we compared parenting stress, parenting efficacy, and the household context across a sample of 90 mothers of adolescents ages 11–16 years with (1) autism, (2) ADHD, or (3) autism and clinically-elevated ADHD symptoms (Autism + ADHD). Our findings demonstrated differences in …

Owner-Implemented Functional Analyses And Reinforcement-Based Treatments For Mouthing In Dogs, Mindy Waite, Tiffany Kodak

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The most effective behavioral interventions are function based, which requires the identification of the behavioral function. A functional analysis is conducted to isolate and identify the environmental variables maintaining target behavior, and this method is effective across species. In domesticated dogs, mouthing is a common behavior and is considered problematic by many people. However, mouthing is not always simple to treat with standard interventions without identifying the function of the dog’s mouthing. Without efficacious interventions, undesirable behavior in companion animals may result in reduced welfare, an increased likelihood of relinquishment, or an increased probability of euthanasia. The purpose of this …

Academic, Interpersonal, Recreational, And Family Impairment In Children With Tourette Syndrome And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Emily J. Ricketts, Sara Beth Wolicki, Melissa L. Danielson, Michelle Rozenman, Joseph F. Mcguire, John Piacentini, Jonathan W. Mink, John T. Walkup, Douglas W. Woods, Rebecca H. Bitsko

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This study describes impairment in academic, interpersonal, recreational, and family financial or occupational domains across children in three mutually exclusive diagnostic groups: ever diagnosed with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and both disorders. In 2014, parents reported on impairment and diagnostic status of children aged 4–17 years (n = 3014). Weighted analysis and pairwise t-tests showed more children with ADHD (with or without TS) experienced impairment in overall school performance, writing, and mathematics, relative to children with TS but not ADHD. More children with TS and ADHD had problematic handwriting relative to children with ADHD but not TS. More …

Hippocampal Resting-State Functional Connectivity Forecasts Individual Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Data-Driven Approach, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Elisabeth Kate Webb, Carissa N. Weis, Ashley A. Huggins, Kenneth P. Bennett, Tara A. Miskovich, Jessica L. Krukowski, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Christine L. Larson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder and there is no current accurate prediction of who develops it after trauma. Neurobiologically, individuals with chronic PTSD exhibit aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the hippocampus and other brain regions (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate), and these aberrations correlate with severity of illness. Prior small-scale research (n < 25) has also shown that hippocampal-rsFC measured acutely after trauma is predictive of future severity using an ROI-based approach. While a promising biomarker, to-date no study has employed a data-driven approach to test whole-brain hippocampal-FC patterns in forecasting the development of PTSD symptoms.

Methods: Ninety-eight adults at risk of PTSD were recruited from the emergency department following traumatic injury and completed resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI; 8min) within 1-month; 6-months later they completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) for assessment of PTSD symptom …

Racial Discrimination And Resting-State Functional Connectivity Of Salience Network Nodes In Trauma-Exposed Black Adults In The United States, E. Kate Webb, Claire Maria Bird, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Carissa N. Weis, Ashley A. Huggins, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Tara A. Miskovich, Kenneth P. Bennett, Jessica L. Krukowski, Lucas Torres, Christine L. Larson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Importance For Black US residents, experiences of racial discrimination are still pervasive and frequent. Recent empirical work has amplified the lived experiences and narratives of Black people and further documented the detrimental effects of racial discrimination on both mental and physical health; however, there is still a need for further research to uncover the mechanisms connecting experiences of racial discrimination with adverse health outcomes.

Objective To examine neurobiological mechanisms that may offer novel insight into the association of racial discrimination with adverse health outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included 102 Black adults who had recently experienced a …

Party Frequency, Party-Safety Strategies, And Sexual Victimization Among First-Year Female College Students, Ernest N. Jouriles, Alison Krauss, Kelli S. Sargent, Jamie Nguyen, Michele Cascardi, John H. Grych, Renee Mcdonald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: This study examined whether the use of party-safety strategies weakens the association between frequency of party attendance and sexual victimization among first-year female college students.

Participants: First-year female college students (n = 450) from three universities in the United States participated in this study.

Methods: Participants completed questionnaires on frequency of party attendance, use of party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization.

Results: Frequency of party attendance was positively associated with sexual victimization. This association was moderated by use of party-safety strategies: frequency of party attendance was unrelated to sexual victimization when students reported greater use of party-safety strategies. However, …

Assessment Of Brain Age In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Findings From The Enigma Ptsd And Brain Age Working Groups, Ashley N. Clausen, Kelene A. Fercho, Molly Monsour, Seth Disner, Lauren Salminen, Courtney C. Haswell, Emily Clarke Rubright, Amanda A. Watts, M. Nicole Buckley, Adi Maron-Katz, Anika Sierk, Antje Manthey, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Bunmi O. Olatunji, Christopher L. Averill, David Hofmann, Dick J. Veltman, Elizabeth A. Olson, Gen Li, Gina L. Forster, Henrik Walter, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Jean Théberge, Jeffrey S. Simons, Jessica A. Bomyea, Jessie L. Frijling, John H. Krystal, Justin T. Baker, K. Luan Phan, Kerry Ressler, Laura K. M. Han, Laura Nawijn, Lauren A. M. Lebois, Lianne Schmaal, Maria Densmore, Martha E. Shenton, Mirjam Van Zuiden, Murray Stein, Negar Fani, Raluca M. Simons, Richard W. J. Neufeld, Ruth Lanius, Sanne Van Rooij, Sadkia B. J. Koch, Serena Bonomo, Tanja Jovanovic, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Timothy D. Ely, Vincent A. Magnotta, Xiaofu He, Chadi G. Abdallah, Amit Etkin, Christian Schmahl, Christine L. Larson, Isabelle M. Rosso, Jennifer Urbano Blackford, Jennifer S. Stevens, Judith K. Daniels, Julia Herzog, Milissa L. Kaufman, Miranda Olff, Richard J. Davidson, Scott R. Sponheim, Sven C. Mueller, Thomas Straube, Xi Zhu, Yuval Neria, Lee A. Baugh, James H. Cole, Paul M. Thompson, Rajendra A. Morey

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with markers of accelerated aging. Estimates of brain age, compared to chronological age, may clarify the effects of PTSD on the brain and may inform treatment approaches targeting the neurobiology of aging in the context of PTSD.

Method

Adult subjects (N = 2229; 56.2% male) aged 18–69 years (mean = 35.6, SD = 11.0) from 21 ENIGMA-PGC PTSD sites underwent T1-weighted brain structural magnetic resonance imaging, and PTSD assessment (PTSD+, n = 884). Previously trained voxel-wise (brainageR) and region-of-interest (BARACUS and PHOTON) machine learning pipelines were compared in a subset of control …

Trajectories Of Relational Turbulence And Affectionate Communication Across The Post-Deployment Transition, Leanne K. Knobloch, Lynne M. Knobloch-Fedders, Jeremy B. Yorgason, Erin C. Wehrman, J. Kale Monk

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Affectionate communication may play a key role in how military couples navigate the transition from deployment to reintegration. Informed by relational turbulence theory, this study considered how the trajectory of relational turbulence experienced by military couples over time predicted their verbal and nonverbal expressions of affection. Online self-report data were gathered from 268 U.S. military couples across eight months beginning at homecoming. Relational turbulence increased over time and affectionate communication decreased over time. Also as predicted, the trajectory of increasing relational turbulence corresponded with greater declines in verbal and nonverbal expressions of affection. These results advance relational turbulence theory, illuminate …

Habit And Diabetes Self-Management In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, C. Cummings, N. E. Benjamin, H. Y. Prabju, L. B. Cohen, B. J. Goddard, Astrida S. Kaugars, T. Humiston, A. H. Lansing

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: The development of habit (i.e., behavioral automaticity, the extent to which a behavior is performed with decreased thresholds for time, attention [effort], conscious awareness, and goal dependence), for goal-directed health behaviors facilitates health behavior engagement in daily life. However, there is a paucity of research examining automaticity for Type 1 diabetes self-management in adolescence. This study examined if greater perceived automaticity for diabetes self-management was associated with increased daily self-management, decreased daily self-regulation failures in glucose checking, and more optimal daily glycemic levels in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Method: Adolescents aged 13–17 and diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes …

Interpersonal Violence And Mental Health Outcomes: Mediation By Self-Efficacy And Coping, Eunice Magalhaes, John H. Grych, Celia Ferreira, Carla Antunes, Ana Prioste, Ines Jongenelen

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

There is a compelling need to explore the mechanisms linking violence to mental health. This study tested the mediating role of self-efficacy and coping in the association between victimization and mental health. Data were obtained from 422 adults (aged 18-77; M = 30.05; SD = 10.93). Self-efficacy and maladaptive coping strategies mediated the association between physical victimization and anxiety, and the association between psychological victimization and satisfaction with life anxiety and depression. Self-efficacy and adaptive coping also mediated the association between psychological victimization and satisfaction with life. This study provides important implications for research and practice.

A Cluster Analytic Approach To Examining The Role Of Cortisol In The Development Of Post-Traumatic Stress And Dysphoria In Adult Traumatic Injury Survivors, Devi Jayan, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Garrett Sauber, Cecilia J. Hillard, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Identification of specific risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) versus depression after trauma has been challenging, in part due to the high comorbidity of these disorders. As exposure to trauma triggers activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, examining atypical stress responses via HPA-axis hormones, namely cortisol, may help in the delineation of these disorders. Indeed, extant research demonstrates that, following stress, individuals with chronic PTSD exhibit hypocortisolism (e.g., lower cortisol response than controls), while those with chronic depression exhibit hypercortisolism (e.g., higher response than controls). Less is known about the role of cortisol and these seemingly disparate profiles immediately following …

Associations Between Religiosity And Perinatal Anxiety Symptoms Among Women Of Mexican Descent, Kayla M. Osman, Sandraluz Lara-Cinisomo, Kimberly D'Anna-Hernandez

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Over half of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms, however perinatal mental health disparities exist. Women of Mexican descent exhibit higher levels of anxiety symptoms which may be linked to sociocultural stressors. However, little is known about culturally relevant factors that may protect against anxiety in this fast-growing population, such as religiosity, an important facet of Mexican culture.

Methods

Pregnant women of Mexican descent (n = 197) were recruited from a local community clinic and followed into the postpartum period. Women completed surveys assessing religiosity, acculturation, acculturative stress, and anxiety symptoms.

Results

Higher levels of religiosity were associated …

Neural Impact Of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage In Traumatically Injured Adults, E. Kate Webb, Carissa N. Weis, Ashley A. Huggins, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Kenneth P. Bennett, Claire Maria Bird, Elizabeth A. Parisi, Maddy Kallenbach, Tara A. Miskovich, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Christine L. Larson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Nearly 14 percent of Americans live in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood. Lower individual socioeconomic position (iSEP) has been linked to increased exposure to trauma and stress, as well as to alterations in brain structure and function; however, the neural effects of neighborhood SEP (nSEP) factors, such as neighborhood disadvantage, are unclear. Using a multi-modal approach with participants who recently experienced a traumatic injury (N = 185), we investigated the impact of neighborhood disadvantage, acute post-traumatic stress symptoms, and iSEP on brain structure and functional connectivity at rest. After controlling for iSEP, demographic variables, and acute PTSD symptoms, nSEP was …

Teachers’ Impact On Psychosocial Treatment For Latinx Youth With Adhd, Margaret Grace, Theresa Lauer Kapke, Alyson C. Gerdes

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This study examined the impact of teacher engagement in a psychosocial treatment for Latinx youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results revealed that teachers were equally engaged in treatment regardless of the source of the referral to treatment, indicating that teachers were motivated to work with students and families. Additionally, results indicated that referral source and teacher engagement in treatment were related to treatment outcomes. These findings indicate that higher-quality teacher intervention implementation is related to enhanced child and parent treatment outcomes in a Latinx sample. Results additionally revealed significant relationships among parental acculturation and treatment outcomes. Clinical implications are discussed.