Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Statistical Models For Predicting And Explaining Major League Baseball Team Performance, Robin Ellins

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Demographic, Psychosocial, And Situational Correlates Of Married Employed Females' Alcohol Use, Rosemary May

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Animal Boredom: Is A Scientific Study Of The Subjective Experiences Of Animals Possible?, Françoise Wemelsfelder

Sentience Collection

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between different meta-scientific frameworks and the science of animal welfare. Animal Boredom 117 During the past few years, I have become more and more convinced that the great difficulty science has in studying subjective experience in its objects, might be related to the denial of any role to subjective experience in the observer as an interpretational guide. Can a quality in the world around us be observed, when this same quality is deliberately excluded from the process of observing?

As a practical example for the discussion described above, the phenomenon …

The Origins Of Empathy And Altruism, Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, Barbara Hollenbeck, Marian Radke-Yarrow

Human and Animal Bonding Collection

We will describe theories and research that try to explain the development, especially in children, of sensitivity to the needs of others. Are children born with empathy? Is it instinctive or learned? What kinds of changes do humane feelings and behaviors undergo as children develop? How do the environments in which children are reared determine whether they will be more or less likely to show concern and to assume responsibility for the welfare of others? We have examined these issues in a series of studies of (a) the early origins of emotional concern (empathy) and (b) the translation of concerned …

The Question Of Animal Awareness, Francoise Wemelsfelder

Sentience Collection

The problem of animal awareness lies at the interface of science and philosophy. As a starting point for the study of phenomena such as awareness, mind, consciousness, etc., we hardly have any reference other than our own human experience and in the context of a nondualistic ontology this can be justified. In philosophy and psychology it appears to be very difficult to give direct operational definitions of terms such as consciousness, etc. So we might expect this to be even more difficult in the study of animals. A detailed knowledge of animals and their behaviour is necessary in order to …

Aquatic Feeding By Moose: Selection Of Plant Species And Feeding Areas In Relation To Plant Chemical Composition And Characteristics Of Lakes, D. Fraser, E R. Chavez, J. E. Paleheimo

Feeding Behavior Collection

Aquatic feeding by moose was studied with emphasis on (i) the chemical composition of aquatic plants compared with terrestrial browse, (ii) the chemical composition of preferred and unpreferred aquatic plant species and (iii) characteristics of preferred feeding areas. Compared with woody browse, aquatic plants had much higher levels of sodium and iron, and similar levels of other nutrients tested. In a "cafeteria" selection experiment, moose consistently ate seven species of aquatic plants (preferred plants), consistently rejected five species (unpreferred plants), and gave an intermediate response to seven species. Preferred species had significantly higher sodium content. Those in the intermediate class …

Resources And The Evolution Of Social Behavior, Con Slobodchikoff

Social Behavior Collection

No abstract provided.

Attitude Toward Death And Dying A Construct Validity Study With A Clinical Perspective, Judy Davis

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Breakdown Of Group Cohesion As A Key Factor In The Chinese Brainwashing Of Army Prisoners Of War During The Korean War, David E. Moore

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Perception Of Managerial Instrumentality And Expressiveness As A Function Of Sex Of Manager, Sex Of Subordinate, And Politeness Of Speech, Sandra Parker Downs

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Lexical Development In Second Language Acquisition: Initial Stages In A Japanese Child’S Learning Of English, Leslie Rescorla, Sachiko Okuda

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Limitations On Spatial Memory In Mice, Robert H.I. Dale, Martin Bedard

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Rats have an impressive ability to remember locations they have visited. Two experiments used an eight-arm radial maze to determine whether mice showed two important characteristics of this spatial memory: its durability, and its dependence on stimuli outside the maze (extreme stimuli). In Experiment 1, food-deprived mice were allowed to eat from four of the eight arms of the maze then, after delays of 5 sec, 1 min, or 5 min, they were permitted to choose the remaining arms. Choice accuracy declined significantly with the longer delays, but always remained above chance. In Experiment 2, the maze was rotated 180° …

Empirical Correlates Of The Spiritual Well-Being And Spiritual Maturity Scales, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Perception Of Structure In Novel Music, Andrea R. Halpern

Faculty Journal Articles

Two experiments demonstrated the way in which musicians and nonmusicians process realistic music encountered for the first time. A set of tunes whose members were related to each other by a number of specific musical relationships was constructed. In experiment I, subjects gave similarity judgments of all pairs of tunes, which were analyzed by the ADD-TREE clustering program. Musicians and nonmusicians gave essentially equivalent results: Tunes with different rhythms were rated as being very dissimilar, whereas tunes identical except for being in a major versus a minor mode were rated as being highly similar. In Experiment 2, subjects learned to …

Relationship Between Four Temperament Types And Nineteen Spiritual Gifts, Roland L. Joachim

Dissertations

Problem. No studies have been found that examine empirically the possible relationship between temperament and spiritual gifts. Traditionally they have been seen as offspring of discrete disciplines, the former belonging to the realm of psychology and the latter to theology. When some writers recently hypothesized a possible correlation between temperament and spiritual gifts, others discredited the notion.

This study was undertaken to investigate the possible correlation between the traditional four temperament types and a selection of nineteen spiritual gifts of the New Testament.

Method. The data base for this study consisted of 1,067 Christian graduate students and church members from …

The Relationship Of Self-Concept, Sex, Age, Major, Anxiety, Mathematics Background, And Mathematics Ability To The Level Of Mathematics And Statistical Anxiety Among College Juniors, David John Maysick

Dissertations

Problem. One's choice of career has significant effect upon one's future life in terms of earning potential and social interaction. Mathematics/statistical anxiety and the mathematics avoidance often accompanying such anxiety, can influence career choice, causing otherwise talented people to limit their future. The purpose of this study was to determine from selected variables--particularly self-concept--which, if any, were related to the problem of mathematics and/or statistical anxiety.

Method. The statistical sample used was 350 juniors. Stratification was by degree of mathematics content in subject's major field of study. For the study, subjects had to be in the same major category as …

Who Volunteers For Adult Development Research? Research Findings And Practical Steps To Reach Low Volunteering Groups, Michael Todd, Keith E. Davis, Thomas P. Cafferty

Faculty Publications

The present study is an attempt to determine volunteering bias in racial, gender, and age groups in an adult development study. Samples were drawn from three different types of organizations in the Columbia, South Carolina SMSA. Volunteering rates were calculated as a function of the number eligible to participate in three age groups: 1) young adult (aged 20-25); 2) middle adult (aged 40-45); and 3) old (aged 60-80). The middle group volunteered at a higher rate than the other two age groups, but this effect was restricted to the white sample. Women volunteered more readily than men, but not among …

Number Of Sessions And Psychotherapy Outcome: Impact On Community Mental Health Center Services, Joanne M. May

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Selected Psychological Characteristics Of A Veterans Population Seeking Prosthetic Surgery For Sexual Dysfunction, Marilyn A. Mendoza

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Management And Professional Jobs For Systematic Career Planning And Development, Patrick Calby

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Changes In The Process Needed For Marital Adjustment From 1938-Present, Terrence J. Neary

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Early Psychotherapy Dropout Characteristics At Time Of Intake And Follow-Up, Mary Catherine Moore

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Typology For Couples Using The Ego Identity Status Construct, Richard F. Mcgourty

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Anxiety, Sex-Role Orientation, And Computer Interaction, Mary Donlin-Senne

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A group of 125 female college students were given Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory and Bem's Sex Role Inventory. Those females with minimal typing skills and minimal computer experience interacted with a computer ten minutes and then given a second State Anxiety Inventory. Pretest and posttest data were obtained from forty-eight subjects selected on the basis of Bem's Sex Role Inventory to test the hypotheses: females that score high on the Androgynous scale of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) will experience relatively low levels of anxiety while interacting with computer, females that score high on the Feminine and Undifferentiated scales …

Relations Between Parents' Expressive And Instrumental Traits And Expectations And Several Early Adolescent Outcomes, Grayson N. Holmbeck

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the degree to which parents' instrumental and expressive expectations are predicted by their instrumental and expressive personality characteristics, (2) to determine the degree to which these parental trait and expectation variables predict several selected early adolescent outcomes, and (3) to examine differences between the findings for sons and the findings for daughters.

The subjects were 174 seventh-grade girls and 103 seventh-grade boys and their mothers and fathers. All members of these triads filled out questionnaires and participated in interaction sessions. Data from the parental and child expectations Q-Sort, parental responses to …

Mechanisms Of Energy Balance In Obesity, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The proper understanding of obesity requires a multifaceted approach. Behavioral considerations of eating and activity patterns do not account for the large between- and within-subjects variance associated with the energy-balance equation. Sources of adaptive and dispositional variance in metabolic rates are reviewed and suggested to be a likely source of importance for the proper conceptualization and intervention of obesity. Five proposed mechanisms of metabolic variation are reviewed with consideration of the supporting evidence for each mechanism. The generalizability of some of the proposed mechanisms is limited because of the scope of past research. However, the roles of lipoprotein lipase in …

The Effect Of Applying The Cognitive Dissonance Theory On Improving Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes Toward Individuals Labelled Exceptional, Kelly Randick

Masters Theses

This thesis study developed from an interest in and an awareness of the need to modify attitudes of pre-service teachers toward those who are labelled exceptional. The effects of negative attitudes toward those labelled exceptional have been repeatedly reported in the literature. Negative attitudes toward those labelled exceptional are reported to have resulted in differential treatment toward and lowered self concepts/esteems of those with disabilities. There had been an inclination for individuals without disabilities to place emphasis on the differences between people with disabilities and those without. These differences were reported to have negative connotations. The central purpose of this …

An Interactional/Social Psychological Approach To Defiance And Therapeutic Paradox, Glenn Thomas Gould

Theses and Dissertations

This study tested the general hypothesis that a client's compliance or defiance of a therapeutic directive could be accurately predicted by manipulating the variables of incongruence and dependency within the client-counselor relationship. An attempt to control the relationship variables was made by using a no-choice, paradoxical directive to increase levels of relationship incongruence. The manipulation of the client's perception of their counselor's level of experience and expertness was aimed at controlling the dependency variables. The hypothesis that clients would report improvement of their symptom, following the delivery of a paradoxical directive, was also investigated.

The subjects of the study were …

Sex Differences As Determinants Of Initial Response To Biofeedback And Passive Relaxation Training, Robert John Arnone

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Testing The Efficacy Of A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Impulsivity With Female Juvenile Delinquents, Dinaz Lynn Stafford

Master's Theses

This experiment was conducted in order to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment, involving self-instructions training for impulsivity, on female juvenile delinquents. An additional consideration was whether instructions educating subjects about the generalizability of self-instructions would lead to a decrease in impulsivity in a classroom situation. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned tp 3 groups - Group 1 being trained in self-instructions and receiving generalizing instructions, Group 2 being trained self-instruction alone, and Group 3 serving as the attentional control group. The Matching Familiar Figures test was admini­ stered before and after treatment sessions and the Impulsive Behavior Scale was rated …