Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse And Coping With Interpersonal Conflict In Adulthood, Jennifer Leigh Kerpelman

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and the adult woman's ability to cope with interpersonal conflict. Seventy women participated in the study. They were placed in one of two groups: sexually abused during childhood (SAC) or not abused during childhood (NAC). The subjects were recruited from several self-help groups and mental health facilities. The subjects completed inventories which measured coping strategies, problem solving abilities, attributional style, and assertion style and dating comfort. It was found that the SAC group members perceived less personal control than the NAC group when dealing with problem …

Relationships Between Early Mother-Infant Interaction And Later Patterns Of Attachment, Christine Oakes Work

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study investigates the relationships between initiative and responsive attachment behaviors exchanged between mothers and infants in a free play laboratory observation, and later pattern of attachment. Pearson product-moment correlations revealed significant intercorrelations between frequencies of the different attachment behaviors studied. Factor analysis revealed seven factors, three of which were predictive of attachment security through main or interaction effects. High frequencies of infant eye contact in response to maternal initiations significantly predicted later insecure attachment. Attachment security could also be predicted from frequency rates of infant-initiated proximity seeking and vocalization, and maternal responsive non-parallel body contact. When infant gender was …

The Relationship Between Occupational Choice And Perceptions Of Professional Nursing Functions And Characteristics, Ellis Quinn Youngkin

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Management

This study identifies the occupational interests and predominant vocational personality types of freshmen students (undeclared majors, nursing majors, and non-nursing majors), explores perceptions about selected professional nursing functions and characteristics among the students, and examines perceptual differences between groups (majors).

A non-experimental ex post facto design is used to analyze data from 312 students in a large urban university. Descriptive and inferential statistics are applied in data analysis. The following findings support the hypotheses: (1) Nursing continues to attract the traditional student who has Holland's Social vocational personality type as measured by the Self-Directed Search, although many Social types are …

Representations Of The Self In Social Phobia: Vulnerability To Social Threat, Debra A. Hope, Ronald M. Rapee, Richard G. Heimberg, Mark J. Dombeck

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A revised Stroop color-naming task was used to test hypotheses derived from Beck’s cognitive theory of anxiety disorders which proposes that social phobics are hypervigilant to social-evaluative threat cues. Color-naming latencies for social and physical threat words were compared to matched neutral words for both social phobics and individuals with panic disorder. As predicted, social phobics showed longer latencies for social threat words, and panickers had longer latencies for physical threat words. Latency for color-naming social threat words correlated with self-reported avoidance among social phobics. These results are consistent with Beck’s notion of self-schemata which facilitate the processing of threat …

The Effects Of Locus Of Control And Method Of Goal Setting On Task Motivation, Paula Coburn

Student Work

Motivation is a central issue in academics. Previous research has shown that goal setting is one method of increasing motivation, with specific goals being more motivating than nonspecific, do your best goals. Research has also shown that self-selected goals increase motivation more than externally imposed goals. The present study examined the effects of self-selected, externally imposed, and do your best goals on task motivation when the personality factor locus of control was controlled by blocking subject groups. It was shown that an interaction exists between method of goal setting and locus of control. It was also found that method of …

An Analysis Of Four Performance Techniques For Paraprofessional Direct-Care Staff Working With Developmentally Disabled Adults In Group Homes, L. Martin Grabijas

Dissertations

The habilitation and training of the developmentally disabled has improved markedly in the last two decades. The creation of small, community-based living facilities has allowed these individuals to move from restrictive settings into the community where training in daily living skills can occur in a more natural fashion. While this movement has been positive for the consumer, the preparedness of the staff working in those facilities has not been adequately addressed. Many human service agencies use a generic training package to prepare their staff, yet current research indicates that such training is less than adequate, both in terms of preparing …

The Effects Of Concurrent And Non-Current Cue-Controlled Relaxation Training On Cardiovascular Reactivity To Two Types Of Stress, Patricia Anne Cole

Dissertations

Physiological reactivity to stress has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Previous studies examining the effects of various forms of relaxation training on reactivity have conducted training under standard, quiet conditions (non-concurrent training). This study compared the effects of concurrent relaxation training (i.e., during stressful conditions) and non-concurrent cue-controlled relaxation training (quiet conditions) on physiological reactivity to two stressors. Reactivity to two stressors was probed before and after non-concurrent (quiet) training and concurrent (stressful) training. The subjects, eight patients in a cardiovascular rehabilitation program, performed a stressful arithmetic task and role plays of both standard and individually stressful situations. Cue-controlled relaxation …

An Application Of The Investment Model For Examining The Effects Of Commitment, Self-Efficacy, And Goal Difficulty On Performance, Brian J. Kaufman

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This research was designed to test the presumed effects of commitment, self-efficacy, and goal difficulty level on task performance. The investment model of commitment was used to experimentally manipulate commitment levels. Eighty subjects served as their own controls. For a computer typing task, performance baseline was established, then subjects performed additional trials under various commitment-to-study, commitment-to-job, and goal difficulty conditions. Seven hypotheses were tested. Analyses were conducted to determine main effects of commitment-to-study, commitment-to-job, commitment-to-goals and interaction effects among experimental conditions.

Performance score differences were significant for speed, but not accuracy across high and low commitment levels, supporting the hypothesis …

Parallel Process: An Empirical Investigation, Thomas E. Pollack

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to conduct an empirical investigation of parallel process. The study used a cross-sectional design in which 30 therapy relationships and the corresponding supervision relationships were studied. The therapist assessed the behavior manifested by the patient during a targeted therapy session. Following the subsequent supervision session, the supervisor assessed the behavior manifested by the supervisee during the supervision session. In addition, each of the triad participants (patient, therapist, supervisor) rated the level of anxiety they experienced during the targeted therapy and supervision sessions. Measures of interpersonal style for each of the subjects were also …

Retirement And Re-Entry Decision-Making: A Faculty Perspective, Seth Zimmer

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Universities are faced with an aging workforce and threatened with deficits in number and quality of replacements for retirees. New policies and programs affecting retirement and workforce re-entry are taking shape. This points to the need for research on the factors used by faculty members in the retirement decision-making process.

Faculty are somewhat unique in that their university roles and responsibilities often allow them to be professionally active simultaneously in other settings. The usual concept of retirement becomes somewhat blurred where faculty members are concerned.

The decision of when to retire and whether or not to re-enter the workforce must …

Intergenerational Relations In The Workplace: Older Women And Their Younger Women Co-Workers, Julie Suzanne Reynolds

Dissertations and Theses

Women aged 55 and older have been participating actively in the American work force and recently have been drawing increased attention from researchers in the social sciences. This study examines the nature of service work performed by older part-time women workers and their younger women co-workers, and the relationship between the two generations in the workplace.

The following research questions guided this exploratory study: Do the older women workers and their younger women co-workers report that there have been changes in the co-workers' work since the older women began working at the job site? What do the older women workers …

Moe ‘Uhane—The Dream: An Account Of The Dream In Traditional Hawaiian Culture, Jane Bathgate

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Dsm-Iii-R Subtypes Of Social Phobia: Comparison Of Generalized Social Phobics And Public Speaking Phobics, Richard G. Heimberg, Debra A. Hope, Cynthia S. Dodge, Robert E. Becker

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Social phobic patients who fear most or all social interaction situations are labeled generalized social phobics in DSM-III-R. Thirty-five patients who met this criterion were compared with 22 social phobic patients whose fears were restricted to public-speaking situations. Generalized social phobics were younger, less educated, and less likely to be employed, and their phobias were rated by clinical interviewers as more severe than those of public-speaking phobics. Generalized social phobics appeared more anxious and more depressed and expressed greater fears concerning negative social evaluation. They performed more poorly on individualized behavioral tests and differed from public-speaking phobics in their responses …

Memory Factors In Age-Related Differences In Simple Reasoning, Timothy A. Salthouse, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Deborah Mitchell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Adults in their 50s were compared with adults in their late teens or 20s in the accuracy of relatively simple reasoning decisions involving varying amounts of information. Because the magnitude of the age differences in decision accuracy was independent of the amount of information relevant to the decision, it was suggested that adults in their 20s and 50s do not differ in the effectiveness of integrating information across multiple premises. However, the 2 groups differed in the accuracy of trials involving only a single relevant premise, and thus it was inferred that 1 factor contributing to reasoning differences within the …

Caregiver Characteristics, Situational Factors, Coping Style, And Personal Adjustment Of Hospice Nurses, William W. Davis

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The questions addressed in this study were:

1. Are there any significant relationships between selected personal and professional characteristics of the hospice nurse and his/her ability to cope with work stress?

2. Which personal characteristics of the hospice nurse are the best predictors of adequate adjustment to his/her work?

The sample studied consisted of 79 registered nurse hospice care providers in the state of Oregon.

The survey instrumentation included: a personal data form; the Daily Hassles Scale (DHS), and the Ways of Coping Scale (WOC) by Lazarus and Folkman; the Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals (SBS) by Jones; Olson's …

The Effects Of Decreased Uncertainty And Telescopic Versus Full Field Training On The Useful Field Of View, Lauren M. Jackson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The “Useful Field of View” (UFOV) is the entire area in which information can be gathered without moving the eyes or head (Ball, Beard, Roenker, Miller & Griggs, 1998). Previous research has demonstrated that the UFOV shrinks with age (Scialfa, Kline & Lyman, 1987; Plude & Doussard-Roosevelt, 1987: Ball et al., 1988). With decrement in the UFOV, everyday activities, such as driving and walking can be limited. If the area in which information is received is smaller, then objects seem to appear suddenly and here is little time to react to them. One example of an everyday activity that would …

Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment For Social Phobia: Comparison With A Credible Placebo Control, Richard G. Heimberg, Cynthia S. Dodge, Debra A. Hope, Charles R. Kennedy, Linda J. Zollo, Robert E. Becker

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Forty-nine patients participated in a study comparing cognitive-behavioral group treatment (CBGT) for social phobia with a credible placebo control. CBGT consisted of exposure to simulated phobic events, cognitive restructuring of maladaptive thoughts, and homework for self-directed exposure and cognitive restructuring between sessions. Control patients received a treatment package consisting of lecture-discussion and group support that was comparable to CBGT on measures of treatment credibility and outcome expectations. At pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups, patients completed assessments that included clinician ratings, self-report measures, and behavioral physiological and cognitive-subjective measures derived from a behavioral simulation of a personally relevant phobic …

Gender And Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis, Alice H. Eagly, Blair T. Johnson

CHIP Documents

No abstract provided.

Myofunctional And Dentofacial Relationships In Second Grade Children., Alan M. Gross, G. D. Kellum, S. T. Hale, Stephen C. Messer, B. A. Benson, S. L. Sisakun, F. W. Bishop

Faculty Articles

One hundred and thirty-three second graders in rural public school were assessed on a number of dental, skeletal, and oral muscle function measures. Correlational analyses were conducted in order to determine whether specific myofunctional variables were associated with dentofacial development. Significant relationships were observed between open mouth posture and a narrow maxillary arch and long facial height. Labial and lingual rest and swallow patterns were also related to poor coordination of lip and tongue movements.

Elder Volunteerism: Minnesota's Silver Lining, Gerald A. Bloedow, Ralph H. Brown

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Does Sexist Language Reflect Personal Characteristics?, Mark R. Mcminn, Shannan F. Lindsay, Laurel E. Hannum, Pamela K. Troyer

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

We investigated whether or not sexist language in written form can be linked to traditional views of sex roles, assertiveness, psychological androgyny, Christian beliefs, or sexist language in oral form. In Experiment 1, undergraduates were given an essay designed to test written sexist language and several pencil-and-paper personality inventories. No relationship between sexist language and interpersonal assertiveness or psychological androgyny was found. However, those who avoided sexist language were less traditional in their sex role perceptions scored lower on a scale of Christian beliefs. In Experient 2, the method of measuring sexist language was expanded by using three essay responses …

Scientific Method, Anti-Foundationalism, And Public Decision-Making, Kristin Shrader-Frechette

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

An examination of the legitimacy of attacks on lay assessments of environmental or other technological Risk. The case is made that rational policy requires an epistemology in which what we believe about Risk is bootstrapped onto how we should act concerning Risk.

Mysticism: Its Relationship To Religious Experience And Psychopathology, Richard Paul Jager

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator As A Measure Of Gender Stereotypy, Eileen Marie Lynch

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Attachment And Individuation In Identity Development In Females, Cassandra Nan Nichols

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Dysfunctional Effects Of Commitment: How Much Commitment Is Enough?, Kristina Skoog Froelich

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Early Experience Correlates Of Excessive Saving, Daphne Phaik-Kin Teoh

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Partial Hepatectomy On The Strength Of A Conditioned Taste Aversion: A Parametric Study, Christopher Adam Duva

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Weight Loss And Locus Of Control, Possible Selves, Self-Esteem, Anxiety And Optimism/Pessimism, Cimi Perryl Ruderman

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Attention To Irrelevant Information On Personnel Selection, Travis Ralph Gibbs

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.