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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James Wood Feb 1996

Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James Wood

Departmental Papers (Psych)

This article introduces readers to Bayes' theorem, a simple mathematical formula that can illuminate general issues and assist evaluators in the field of child sexual abuse. The theorem is applied to a case study of sexual abuse allegations that arose during a custody dispute.

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Visual Aftereffect Of Texture Density Contingent On Color Of Frame, Frank H. Durgin Feb 1996

Visual Aftereffect Of Texture Density Contingent On Color Of Frame, Frank H. Durgin

Psychology Faculty Works

An aftereffect of perceived texture density contingent on the color of a surrounding region is reported. In a series of experiments, participants were adapted, with fixation, to stimuli in which the relative density of two achromatic texture regions was perfectly correlated with the color presented in a surrounding region. Following adaptation, the perceived relative density of the two regions was contingent on the color of the surrounding region or of the texture elements themselves. For example, if high density on the left was correlated with a blue surround during adaptation (and high density on the right with a yellow surround), …

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Social Support Mechanisms Among Athletes With Disabilities, Jeffrey J. Martin, Carol Adams Mushett Jan 1996

Social Support Mechanisms Among Athletes With Disabilities, Jeffrey J. Martin, Carol Adams Mushett

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this investigation was to describe social support mechanisms of swimmers with disabilities and examine relationships among social support, self-efficacy, and athletic satisfaction. Results indicated that athletes felt satisfied with the social support they received. Mothers and friends provided primary support in a variety of areas requiring non-sport-related knowledge. Additionally, there were important secondary sources of support in areas requiring sport-specific knowledge. Coaches were primary sources of support in areas that required sport expertise. Fathers were also important sources of secondary support in areas that required both sport expertise and nonsport expertise. Correlational results suggested that athletes who …

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Sex Differences In Television Viewing And Attention: Do Males Really Channel Surf More Than Females?, Melissa Morrison Jan 1996

Sex Differences In Television Viewing And Attention: Do Males Really Channel Surf More Than Females?, Melissa Morrison

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Channel surfing is often thought of as a male-dominated pastime; however, previously there was no objective data supporting this conclusion. In the present study television viewing and channel surfing were monitored in 44 college students who simultaneously performed an auditory vigilance task. In addition, a survey was administered to determine self-reported individual television viewing habits. Results showed that males channel surfed at almost twice the rate of females. In addition, after the first test tone they generally detected more tones in the vigilance task than females. It was concluded the high channel surfing rate of males reflected lower levels of …

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Religious Orientation And Homophobia: An Application Of The Allport And Batson Conceptualizations, Scotty K. Caudill Jan 1996

Religious Orientation And Homophobia: An Application Of The Allport And Batson Conceptualizations, Scotty K. Caudill

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study elucidates the relationship between the intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest religious orientations and prejudice toward gay men and lesbians. Measures of the religious orientations, homophobia, social desirability, and demographic items were administered to 228 university student volunteers. As predicted, the intrinsic orientation correlated positively and significantly with homophobia even with social desirability controlled, and the quest orientation correlated negatively and significantly with homophobia, also with social desirability controlled. Contrary to prediction, however, the extrinsic orientation di d not correlate significantly with homophobia. These findings support previous research suggesting that an intrinsic orientation does not obviate prejudicial attitudes toward all …

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Critical Decision Making Skills Of Postgraduate Respiratory Care Personnel, Leisa Kay Bowden Jan 1996

Critical Decision Making Skills Of Postgraduate Respiratory Care Personnel, Leisa Kay Bowden

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The researcher of the study became interested in critical decision making skills while working with Respiratory Care post graduates. The researcher of the study noticed through observation a deficiency in critical thinking skills, reasoning abilities and decision making skills of recent post graduate Respiratory personnel. These weaknesses impacted a deterioration in interdepartmental communications and most importantly a deterioration in the quality of patient care. The problem of this study is to determine the effects of critical decision making skills in the College of West Virginia’s 1995 Respiratory Care class as compared to the College of West Virginia’s 1994 Respiratory Care …

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The Interactive Effects Of Disability, Race, And Gender On Job Placement Decisions, Dianna Stone, Erik Eddy, Megumi Hosoda, Scott Behson Jan 1996

The Interactive Effects Of Disability, Race, And Gender On Job Placement Decisions, Dianna Stone, Erik Eddy, Megumi Hosoda, Scott Behson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Ethics Among Christian Counselors: A Survey Of Beliefs And Behaviors, Mark R. Mcminn, Katheryn Rhoads Meek Jan 1996

Ethics Among Christian Counselors: A Survey Of Beliefs And Behaviors, Mark R. Mcminn, Katheryn Rhoads Meek

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Previous researchers have reported survey results of the beliefs and behaviors of psychologists (Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987) and counselors (Gibson & Pope, 1993) with regard to professional ethics. We sent the same instrument to 900 Christian counselors, and received back 496 completed surveys. Rarely and commonly practiced ethical behaviors are described, and differences by sex, age, highest degree, and licensure status are discussed. Although Christian counselors generally appear to have high regard for and good awareness of ethical standards, many unlicensed Christian counselors may benefit from additional training in preventing exploitative counseling relationships. Current professional standards for multiple-role relationships …

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The Effect Of Congruent Religious Orientations And Problem Solving Styles On Marital Satisfaction In Religious Couples, Winston Seegobin Jan 1996

The Effect Of Congruent Religious Orientations And Problem Solving Styles On Marital Satisfaction In Religious Couples, Winston Seegobin

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This study explores the effect of congruent religious orientations, religious problem-solving styles, and marital stress on the marital satisfaction of religious couples. Based on social exchange theory, couples who were congruent in their religious orientation were expected to evince higher marital satisfaction when compared with couples who endorsed incongruent religious orientations. Moreover, this congruent orientation was expected to mediate marital stress. Congruent styles of religious problem-solving were also predicted to mediate marital stress. More specifically, couples who employed a collaborative approach to religious problemsolving were expected to demonstrate higher marital satisfaction than couples who employed other styles of religious problem-solving. …

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A Practical Model For Teaching Supervision Through Vertically Integrated Teams, Rodger K. Bufford, Clark D. Campbell, Brandy Liebscher Jan 1996

A Practical Model For Teaching Supervision Through Vertically Integrated Teams, Rodger K. Bufford, Clark D. Campbell, Brandy Liebscher

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Teaching supervision is a relatively new practice and training area (Schindler and Talen, 1996). This paper describes a method of teaching clinical supervision to graduate students in clinical psychology. The method involves an intensive seminar, assigned readings, and a year long supervised practicum in providing supervision. Students in the first through fourth years of a doctoral program are assigned to a team with a faculty leader. The faculty member oversees the professional development of all students on the team. Additionally, the fourth year students oversee the first and second year students under the supervision of the faculty member. This method …

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Comment On: Sexualselection, Physical Attractiveness, And Facial Neoteny: Cross-Cultural Evidence And Implications, Bydoug Jones, L. E. Musselman, J. H. Langlois, Lori A. Roggman Jan 1996

Comment On: Sexualselection, Physical Attractiveness, And Facial Neoteny: Cross-Cultural Evidence And Implications, Bydoug Jones, L. E. Musselman, J. H. Langlois, Lori A. Roggman

Human Development and Family Studies Faculty Publications

Jones's paper is an interesting treatise on the importance of physical attractiveness for sexual selection, but several points raised in it are in need of further consideration.

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Yes -- Neural Network Learning Theory Can Resolve The Behavioral Cognitive Controversy, Warren W. Tryon Jan 1996

Yes -- Neural Network Learning Theory Can Resolve The Behavioral Cognitive Controversy, Warren W. Tryon

Psychology Faculty Publications

The positive comments and constructive ton with which Forsyth, Hawkins, and Hutchinson (1996) begin their response to Tryon's (1993b, 1995a, 1995b) thesis that Neural Network Learning Theory (NNLT) can resolve the behavioral cognitive controversy identifies consistencies between Radical Behaviorism (RB) and connectionistic Neural Network Learning Theory (NNLT). The questions they raise in subsequent sections are important to achieving rapprochement of the cognitive behavioral schism and are therefore addressed here. The primary task of unification is to combine the positive contributions of both the behavioral and cognitive perspectives without rejecting or compromising important values of either orientation. For reasons presented below, …

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Stress At Work, Coping, And Workers' Health Of An Acquired Firm In Hong Kong, Oi Ling Siu Jan 1996

Stress At Work, Coping, And Workers' Health Of An Acquired Firm In Hong Kong, Oi Ling Siu

Centre for Public Policy Studies : CPPS Working Paper Series

The structure of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was adopted as the model to investigate the impact of acquisition stress on workers' health effects. Data were obtained from 101 employees of an acquired firm in Hong Kong. Workers' perceived work pressure was negatively related to job satisfaction, and positively related to mental ill-health, and physical ill-health. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were employed to study the stressor-strain relationship, and the extent coping strategies moderate this relationship. The results showed that a combination of stressors related significantly to the strain effects, but only a few individual stressors were strong predictors. Coping strategies …

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Factors Related To Earthquake Preparedness Among Child Care Professionals: Theory And Policy Implications, Ellen N. Junn, D. Guerin Jan 1996

Factors Related To Earthquake Preparedness Among Child Care Professionals: Theory And Policy Implications, Ellen N. Junn, D. Guerin

Office of the Provost Scholarship

With increasing numbers of children enrolled in child care, the safety of the child care environment and the preparedness of personnel to prevent injuries and fatalities in the event of natural disasters becomes an important public policy issue. In this study, earthquake preparedness and its correlates were examined in 25 child care centers located in a southern California community adjacent to the San Andreaas Fault. Extensive survey, interview, and on-site observational data were collected. Findings indicated a wide range of preparedness in child care centers. Half of the child care centers lacked basic essentials required to cope in the aftermath …

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Bachelor Of Science In Psychology 1996, Nova Southeastern University Jan 1996

Bachelor Of Science In Psychology 1996, Nova Southeastern University

CPS Undergraduate Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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An Alternating Treatments Comparison Of Two Intensive Interventions For Food Refusal., W H Ahearn, Mary Louise Kerwin, P S Eicher, J Shantz, W Swearingin Jan 1996

An Alternating Treatments Comparison Of Two Intensive Interventions For Food Refusal., W H Ahearn, Mary Louise Kerwin, P S Eicher, J Shantz, W Swearingin

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

We compared two treatment packages involving negative reinforcement contingencies for 3 children with chronic food refusal. One involved physically guiding the child to accept food contingent on noncompliance, whereas the other involved nonremoval of the spoon until the child accepted the presented food. Subsequent to baseline, an alternating treatments comparison was implemented in a multiple baseline design across subjects. After each child had been exposed to at least nine sessions of each treatment condition and percentage of bites accepted had increased to at least 80%, the child's caregivers selected the preferred treatment package. The results indicated that both treatments were …

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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Task-Related Electroencephalographic Analysis In Chronic Pain Patients, Mark Alan Clair Jan 1996

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Task-Related Electroencephalographic Analysis In Chronic Pain Patients, Mark Alan Clair

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Conflict Management Styles And Personality: The Effects Of Dominance At The Individual And Group Level, Bernadette Maria Babasa Jan 1996

Conflict Management Styles And Personality: The Effects Of Dominance At The Individual And Group Level, Bernadette Maria Babasa

Theses Digitization Project

The data for this study was collected by the use of the Manifest Needs Questionnaire, Jackson's Personality Research Form, and the Thomas-Kilmann MODE Instrument to assess dominance at the individual and group levels.

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Family Environment And The Development Of Hardiness, Jette Lyng Warka Jan 1996

Family Environment And The Development Of Hardiness, Jette Lyng Warka

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Direct And Indirect Impacts Of Ethnicity And Communication Factors On Performance Ratings, Danny Shih-Cheng Huang Jan 1996

Direct And Indirect Impacts Of Ethnicity And Communication Factors On Performance Ratings, Danny Shih-Cheng Huang

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Do Levels Of Self-Monitoring, Self-Efficacy, And Anxiety Moderate The Relationship Between Perception Of Dimensions And Performance In Assessment Centers?, Jane Kathryn Paget Jan 1996

Do Levels Of Self-Monitoring, Self-Efficacy, And Anxiety Moderate The Relationship Between Perception Of Dimensions And Performance In Assessment Centers?, Jane Kathryn Paget

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Survivors Of Downsized Organizations: An Analysis Of Organizational Variables Before And After Downsizing, Roger Scott Young Jan 1996

Survivors Of Downsized Organizations: An Analysis Of Organizational Variables Before And After Downsizing, Roger Scott Young

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Individual Differences In The Tendency To Fake Good In Personality Assessment, Jennifer L. Mersman Jan 1996

Individual Differences In The Tendency To Fake Good In Personality Assessment, Jennifer L. Mersman

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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The Validity Of Situational Interview Ratings As A Function Of Channel Of Communication, Seema Thakur Jan 1996

The Validity Of Situational Interview Ratings As A Function Of Channel Of Communication, Seema Thakur

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Adolescent Suicide: Noncontemplators, Contemplators, And Attempters, Carole Ohlendorf Dockstader Jan 1996

Adolescent Suicide: Noncontemplators, Contemplators, And Attempters, Carole Ohlendorf Dockstader

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Managers' And Non-Managers' Conflict Resolution Styles: The Effect Of Gender Role, Cheryl Lynn Simmons Jan 1996

Managers' And Non-Managers' Conflict Resolution Styles: The Effect Of Gender Role, Cheryl Lynn Simmons

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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The Impact Of Acculturation On The Moral Development Of Mexican-Americans: A Cross-Cultural Study, Jaime Ponce Aguilar Jan 1996

The Impact Of Acculturation On The Moral Development Of Mexican-Americans: A Cross-Cultural Study, Jaime Ponce Aguilar

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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The Influence Of Expertise And Gender On Job Analysis Ratings For A Physically Demanding Job, Andrew Edward Ansoorian Jan 1996

The Influence Of Expertise And Gender On Job Analysis Ratings For A Physically Demanding Job, Andrew Edward Ansoorian

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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How Do Children Tell: The Disclosure Process In Child Sexual Abuse, April Bradley, James Wood Jan 1996

How Do Children Tell: The Disclosure Process In Child Sexual Abuse, April Bradley, James Wood

Selected Works Temporary Series

Children's disclosure of sexual abuse has been described as a quasi-developmental process that includes stages of denial, reluctance, disclosure, recantation, and reaffirmation (Sorenson & Snow, 1991, Summit, 1983). It has been reported that nearly 75% of sexual abuse victims initially deny abuse and that nearly 25% eventually recant their allegations (Sorenson & Snow, 1991). The present study examined disclosures in 234 sexual abuse cases validated by Protective Services in El Paso, Texas. Denial of abuse occurred in 6% of cases, and recantation in 4% of cases in which a child had already disclosed abuse. Four of the eight victims who …

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Electrocortical Differentiation Of Evaluative And Nonevaluative Categorizations, Stephen Crites, John Cacioppo Jan 1996

Electrocortical Differentiation Of Evaluative And Nonevaluative Categorizations, Stephen Crites, John Cacioppo

Selected Works Temporary Series

The evaluative categorizations that underlie affective and attitudinal judgments have often been equated with nonevaluative categorizations despite the central importance of evaluative processes for survival. In the present experiment, a late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related brain potential elicited when participants evaluatively categorized food items as positive or nonpositive was compared with the LPP elicited when participants semantically (i.e., nonevaluatively) categorized food items as vegetable or nonvegetable. Results revealed that evaluative categorizations evoked an LPP that was relatively larger over the right than the left scalp regions compared with the LPP evoked by nonevaluative categorizations. This finding provides evidence …

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