Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Perception Of Mode, Rhythm, And Contour In Unfamiliar Melodies: Effects Of Age And Experience, Andrea R. Halpern, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling

Faculty Journal Articles

We explored the ability of older (60-80 years old) and younger (18-23 years old) musicians and nonmusicians to judge the similarity of transposed melodies varying on rhythm, mode, and/or contour (Experiment 1) and to discriminate among melodies differing only in rhythm, mode, or contour (Experiment 2). Similarity ratings did not vary greatly among groups, with tunes differing only by mode being rated as most similar. In the same/different discrimination task, musicians performed better than nonmusicians, but we found no age differences. We also found that discrimination of major from minor tunes was difficult for everyone, even for musicians. Mode is …

Coping Styles Of Parents With Visually Impaired Children Compared To Parents With Fully Sighted Children, Lisa Tackett

Theses

The purpose of this research study was to determine if the coping styles of parents with visually impaired children are different from the coping styles of parents with fully sighted children. These results indicated that there is no difference on coping styles with the parents with the visually impaired children and the parents with the fully sighted children.

The Influence Of Perceived Social Support On Loneliness Among Students Of Foreign Status Studying In The United States, Brian Vakoc

Theses

Loneliness is a common experience for individuals studying in foreign countries. Where cultures, communications, and social structures are unfamiliar feelings of loneliness can present a difficult component within the adjustment process. Social support has a direct influence on a person's ability to adjust to an unfamiliar environment. Feelings of loneliness experienced by a person can be attributed to that person's perception of social support. Students who are studying in the United States from abroad are subject to a multitude of unfamiliar environments that promote uncertain social supports and increased levels of loneliness. Understanding differences between cultures and their effects on …

A Connection Between Eating Disorder Symptomatology And Guild Or Shame, Deborah J. Kuehnel

Theses

By their own nature Eating Disorders are very self-destructive and potentially life threatening behaviors. They are symptoms which may represent a constellation of underlying problems. This investigation explores the relation of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness to eating disorder symptomatology in a sample of 171 undergraduate women. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA). Shame was significantly and positively correlated with drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, interpersonal distrust, lack of interoceptive awareness, asceticism, difficulties with impulse regulation, and social insecurity. Guilt was negatively or negligibly correlated with these symptoms. These two correlative findings impact …

The Relationship Of Locus Of Control To Pathological Gambling, Michelle L. King

Theses

Unavailable.

Self Esteem Of College Age Adult Children Of Alcoholics And Adult Children Of Non-Alcoholics, Diana Lynn Grissom

Theses

Research is controversial in finding the role that parental alcoholism plays on an individual's self-esteem. Some results have shown that alcoholism directly effects a person 's self-esteem whereas, other results have found family dysfunction of an alcoholic to effect self-esteem. The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test and The Self-Esteem Inventory were administered to 52 college students. No significant relationship between parental alcoholism and self-esteem was found . This finding is in agreement with most of the research on adult children of alcoholics .

The Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Upon Adult Male Attachment/Separation, Conflict Resolution And Psychospiritual Well-Being, Amber Thani Samaroo

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Principled Mentoring: Identifying Core Values For The Practice Of Mentoring, Peter F. Wilson

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This theoretical study was done to promote additional research in mentoring, A great deal has been written about mentoring relationships and research has built a strong case for their value across a wide variety of settings. Mentoring is a centuries old practice in which younger or more inexperienced individuals are trained in a relational context by a more experienced, usually older individual. In more recent times mentoring has been most prominent in academic and business settings. Most often, mentoring takes the form of an unstructured relationship but many businesses and some universities have developed formal mentoring programs. The mentoring research …

Parent Childrearing Beliefs And Child Externalizing Behaviors In Families Of Adhd And Odd Children, June E. Hoefling

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between the perceived externalizing behaviors of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the maladaptive childrearing beliefs of their parents. The study used archival survey data provided by Intervention Services, Inc., a community mental health center. Data from 338 families with a child diagnosed with ADHD or ODD were analyzed. The study used the Conners' Parent Behavior Rating Scale short version to measure the level of conduct problems, impulsivity, and hyperactivity of the children as perceived by the parents. The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory was used to measure the degree of parental …

Evaluating Elaborative Interrogation's Efficacy With Expository Text, Rhonda Leah Boudreau

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study investigated whether elaborative interrogation would be an effective learning strategy with lengthy expository text. One hundred undergraduates (65 females and 35 males) comprised the study’s 5 groups: a) naturalistic elaborative interrogation, b) self-study, c) repetition, d) elaborative interrogation with pre-underlined main ideas; and, e) elaborative interrogation with pre-underlined main ideas plus structured ‘why’ questions. The expectation was that elaborative interrogation would prove to be a potent learning strategy relative to lower-order strategies (e.g., repetition); and that, when using expository text, students may require some supports to maximize the strategy’s gains. All students read an eight page passage on …

Gender Differences And Similarities In Moral Orientations: A Narrative Approach To Moral Socialization Within The Family, Susan M. Hilbers

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Some research suggests that adults as parents, in particular, may orient their moral reasoning and socialization of children differentially by gender (Lollis, Ross, & Leroux, 1996; Pratt, Amold, & Hilbers, 1998; Pratt, Golding, Hunter, & Sampson, 1988). The present study investigates the extent to which mothers and fathers differ in their moral orientations with respect to socializing young children, specifically in their use of a narrative or storytelling mode. The present study also examines the extent to which gender of the child influences the orientation of parents’ socialization narratives told to and about their young children. Thirty married couples, whose …

Assessing The Separate Contributions Of Recollection And Familiarity For The Mirror Effect: A Process Dissociation Approach, Elvin Dobani

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In four separate experiments, we employed Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure (PDP) to evaluate the extent to which the mirror effect in recognition memory can be accounted for by recollection and In the first experiment, participants listened to two study lists of words, one in a female voice and the other in a male voice. Their memory for one set of words was gauged via an inclusion test, while their recognition of the other set was gauged via an exclusion test As predicted, a significant mirror effect was observed for both the inclusion and exclusion conditions, and the PDP recollection …

A Case Study Of An Electively Mute Child, Robert Driscol

Graduate Research Papers

Selective mutism is characterized by the appropriate use of language in certain settings, with a consistent lack of language use elsewhere. The child is often viewed as shy, and it is assumed that the shyness is temporary and will be outgrown. The purpose of this paper is to explore the problem of selective mutism in school aged children for whom silence may extend for many months or even years. Selective mutism will be further defined, and frequency, duration, and a summary of treatment methods will be discussed. A case study that illustrates positive outcomes of a behavioral approach will also …

The Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale (Mdees), David R. Caruso, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

The Multidimesional Emotional Empathy Scale (Caruso & Mayer, 1998) is a scale of self-reported empathy.

Emotional Quotient : Predicting And Teaching For Future Success Of Students, Denise A. Hale

Graduate Research Papers

Emotional Quotient (EQ) involves virtually every aspect of a person's life and plays a more important role in predicting success for students than the traditional Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Emotional intelligence involves recognizing one's emotions, thus having a sense of self-awareness, managing and controlling one's emotions, motivating oneself to achieve a set goal, responding with empathy, and handling interpersonal relationships with appropriate social responses.

Many children today are deprived of natural opportunities to develop a healthy EQ. Through modeling and continued reinforcement starting in the early elementary grades, EQ can be taught. Teachers can provide literature experiences as the basis of …

Childhood Sexual Abuse: Long Versus Short Term Effects, Joyce Skinner

Graduate Research Papers

Research over the past decade indicates that a wide range of psychological and interpersonal problems are more prevalent among those who have been sexually abused than among individuals with no such experiences. This paper summarizes what is currently known about these potential impacts of child sexual abuse. The various problems and symptoms described in the literature on child sexual abuse are reviewed in a series of broad categories including post-traumatic stress, emotional pain, avoidance, an impaired self, and interpersonal difficulties. Research has determined that the extent to which a given individual manifests abuse-related distress is a function of an undetermined …

Images Of Mary: Effects Of Style And Content On Reactions To Marian Art, Donald J. Polzella, Johann G. Roten S.M., Christopher W. Parker

Psychology Faculty Publications

105 college students rated digitized facsimiles of works of art depicting the Virgin Mary, which varied in style (Pre-Renaissance versus Renaissance and Post-Renaissance) and content (depictions of events versus devotional images). Viewer reactions were affected strongly by style, content, and their interaction. For example, the newer style was perceived to have greater power and clarity than the older style, and this effect was greater for event depictions than for devotional images. Other findings included differences in reactions between men and women.

What Culture Means, How Culture Means, Bradd Shore

Heinz Werner Lectures

Models in Mind: Analogical Reasoning and the Problem of Meaning, The Double Life of Models: Personal and Cultural Meaning

Master's Programs In Metal Health Counseling And School Guidance Counseling Policies And Procedures Handbook 1998-1999, Nova Southeastern University

College of Psychological Services / College of Psychology Postgraduate Student and Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Children's Memory : The Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On The Eyewitness Reports Of Five And Six Year Old Students, Rosemary Corinne Scott-Moore

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study examined kindergarten children's (N=18) eyewitness reports and the effects of suggestive questioning. Five- and six year- olds were interviewed repeatedly after a visitor came to their classroom in one of the following conditions: (a) suggestion, which received misleading suggestive questioning one time per week for three consecutive weeks following the incident, and a final 2 interview fifteen weeks after the incident; (b) increased suggestion, which received false suggestive interviews one time per week for three consecutive weeks following the event, and a final interview fifteen weeks after the initial event; and (c) triple suggestion, which received misleading suggestive …

The Relationship Between Parental Conflict And Marital Satisfaction, Sheri Ann Tonioli

Theses

This study examined the relationship between perceived parental conflict and marital satisfaction. Fifty subjects participated in this study. These participants were from the graduate counseling classes at Lindenwood College in St. Charles, Missouri and from a business office in Earth City, Missouri. These individuals were married at least one year and were between the ages of 25-40. Most of the individuals in the study were white, middle class, and college graduates. Each individual completed a demographic questionnaire, the Family Environment Scale, and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The results found that there is no significant relationship between perceived parental conflict …

Changes In Environmental Context And The Mirror Effect In Recognition Memory, Craig Andrew Livermore

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The present study examined the effect of environmental context on the mirror effect in recognition memory. In seven experiments, participants studied either high (HF) and low-frequency (LF) or noun and nonnoun pairs of words followed in a old/new item recognition test by which proportion correct, response time, and confidence judgments were measured. Single item or word pair targets and distractors were presented in same- or different-context conditions. Context was defined as the unique combination of foreground and background colour and position on a computer screen for two experiments while position was removed as a context variable for five experiments due …

A Voice For Our Future: High-Risk Adolescents' Perceptions And Experiences About Help And Healing Interventions, Cameron Dale Norman

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This critical ethnography examines the perceptions of adolescents at-risk with respect to their experiences of help, both formal and informal. Ten (10) adolescents who had been involved with the Bridges psychoeducational program, an interagency partnership intervention for high-risk youth in the Waterloo region, were interviewed about their experience with the programs and people who attempt to support them. Placing great importance on using the adolescent’s words to speak to their own needs and experiences, this study's main findings suggest that adolescents are not given voice by many helpers; most help agents fail to truly help these adolescents in a meaningful …

Organizational Science In A Postmodern Context, Kenneth J. Gergen, T. J. Thatchenkery

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

(1998) Reconstructing Childhood, David K. Kennedy

Collected Papers of David Kennedy

Awakening to the voice of the child means that the latter is understood as the bearer of new information for adult self-understanding. As distanced other, the child's status is analogous to what feminist standpoint theorists describe as "valuable 'strangers' to the social order. Like women, persons of color, or others marginalized by Eurocentric and patriarchal personal, interpersonal and social constructs, the child's location in the social and natural world affords her an "epistemic privilege." Since she lives before, or at the margins of the adult instinctual economy, her relationship to that economy is inherently transgressive. What this does for the …

The Effect Of Pre-Interview Training And Warnings On Children's Eyewitness Testimonies, Julie A. Jost

Theses : Honours

The present study examined two important issues regarding children's eyewitness testimonies -compliance which is the tendency to agree with misleading questions and the misinformation effect whereby participants incorporate misleading postevent information into their memory recall of the original event. Eighty six primary school children (6-8 years) watched a video, listened to a misleading narrative and were then interviewed individually. To reduce compliance half the children received a pre-interview training package composed of instructions and practice questions with 'neither' and 'don't know' response options. To reduce the misinformation effect children were given a warning that they may have heard some misleading …

The Psychosocial Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Tertiary Students, Tina Hankins

Theses : Honours

The present study was undertaken to examine the relative contribution of psychosocial variables toward tertiary student smoking behaviour, and their ability to distinguish smokers from non-smokers, or smokers from ex-smokers, amongst this population. Given the higher prevalence of cigarette smoking amongst females of this age group, the psychosocial variables distinguishing female smokers from female non-smokers in the tertiary education system were also examined. It was hypothesised that smoking status of tertiary students would be associated more with their attitude toward smoking than environmental factors. Furthermore, it was hypothesised females would place less emphasis on participation in sporting activities than males, …

Interventions For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Justin M. Larson

Graduate Research Papers

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) continues to be widely studied within the literature and researchers continue to investigate interventions and environments which allow for success. Whalen and Renker (1991) argue that multiple intervention methods are needed for success of children and adolescents in social situations. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature, and review interventions used to facilitate appropriate behaviors in children, aged six to eleven, with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Relation Between Rumination And Impaired Memory In Dysphoric Moods, Paula T. Hertel

Psychology Faculty Research

College students in dysphoric or nondysphoric moods studied pairs of words and later took a fragment-completion test of memory for targets from the pairs (under process-dissociation procedures for obtaining estimates of controlled and automatic retrieval; L. L. Jacoby, 1996). Between the study and test phases, some participants waited quietly for 7 min; others rated self-focused materials designed to invoke ruminations in the dysphoric group; and still others rated self-irrelevant and task-irrelevant materials. A dysphoria-related impairment in controlled retrieval occurred in the first 2 conditions but not in the 3rd condition. These results show that the nature of task-irrelevant thoughts contributes …

The Predictive Validity Of Parent And Teacher Reports Of Adhd Symptoms, Thomas J. Power, Brian J. Doherty, Susan Panichelli-Mindel, James L. Karustis, Ricaro B. Eiraldi, Arthur D. Anastopoulos, George J. Dupaul

PCOM Scholarly Works

The objectives were to evaluate the ability of the Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity factors of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV to differentiate children with ADHD from a control group and to discriminate children with different subtypes of ADHD. Also, we sought to determine optimal cutoff scores on the teacher and parent versions of this scale for making diagnostic decisions about ADHD. In a sample of 92 boys and girls 6 to 14 years of age referred to a regional ADHD program, we assessed ADHD diagnostic status using categorical and dimensional approaches as well as parent- and teacher-report measures. Logistic regression analyses showed …