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Articles 65551 - 65580 of 73847

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

From Winning Hearts And Minds To Shaping Behaviors: Nation-Building As A New Psychology Of Antiterrorism, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

From Winning Hearts And Minds To Shaping Behaviors: Nation-Building As A New Psychology Of Antiterrorism, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a qualitative change in the psychology of antiterrorism through nationbuilding activities.

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Trends. Functional Versus Ideological Environmentalism: Implications For Physical And Psychological Security, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Trends. Functional Versus Ideological Environmentalism: Implications For Physical And Psychological Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses how ideological environmentalists embrace the notion that nature is pristine and benign. All must be, continue to be, and modified to be as it would be without human intervention. Supporting belief systems are problematic.

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Trends. The Omagh Bombing: Ireland And The Psychology Of Walls, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Trends. The Omagh Bombing: Ireland And The Psychology Of Walls, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the psychological aspect of walls in relation to peace efforts in Northern Ireland.

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Words And Actions: The Referent As A Problem In The Deterrence Of Nuclear Weapons Employment, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Words And Actions: The Referent As A Problem In The Deterrence Of Nuclear Weapons Employment, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes difficulties in identifying action referents of the word deterrence. These difficulties pose a significant problem for developing and implementing security policies against adversaries' employment of weapons of mass destruction.

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The Psychology Of Political Oppression: Studying False Consciousness, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

The Psychology Of Political Oppression: Studying False Consciousness, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

Starting with this Issue, IBPP will be reporting on a series of research presentations--each with relevance to political psychology--from the 1998 Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. The following article describes the work of John T. Jost of Stanford University.

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Trends. Terrorism And Sanctions: A Problem With Iran, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Trends. Terrorism And Sanctions: A Problem With Iran, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the three kinds of activities, Iran continues to be engaged in, that preclude closer cooperation with the US and the sanctions that have been declared against Iran.

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Terrorist Explosions In Nairobi: How Secondary Goals Become Primary Ones, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Terrorist Explosions In Nairobi: How Secondary Goals Become Primary Ones, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a psychology of terrorism whereby achieving secondary goals can ineluctably lead to achieving primary ones.

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Trends. Terrorism And Biological Warfare: A Problem Of Perspective, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Trends. Terrorism And Biological Warfare: A Problem Of Perspective, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the cunundrum of how to best deter or manage a biological warfare (BW) attack by terrorists.

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Popular Culture And The Mass Media In The Service Of Politics: The Wounds Of Gender Representation, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Popular Culture And The Mass Media In The Service Of Politics: The Wounds Of Gender Representation, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article identifies and analyzes the phenomenon of gender representation as it impacts on the political application of popular culture and the mass media. Political authorities' social control and political leaders' and candidates' attractiveness are of special concern. For explanatory support, the article employs a "star" of popular music--viz., rock n' roll music from the United States--from the interlude 1956-1957.

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Trends. Developmental Psychology And The Uses Of History: Does The Past Affect The Present And The Future?, Ibpp Editor Aug 1998

Trends. Developmental Psychology And The Uses Of History: Does The Past Affect The Present And The Future?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses how the psychological past significantly affects the psychological present and future.

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Behavior Management Training Issues In Kentucky Classrooms, Karin Holland Aug 1998

Behavior Management Training Issues In Kentucky Classrooms, Karin Holland

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Classroom discipline is often a primary concern of teachers. Little is known, however, about the extent of teachers' knowledge, training, and skills with behavior management issues. This study was conducted to examine teachers' training with specific behavioral strategies, their personal level of proficiency in resolving these problems, and to determine if teachers consider the function of aberrant behaviors when deciding upon treatment interventions. A survey was developed to address these issues. The survey was distributed to teachers in four south-central Kentucky counties and two western Kentucky counties. Of the 350 surveys distributed, 209 were returned for a 59.7% return rate. …

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The Effects Of Constant And Variable Practice On Performing A Gross Motor Skill, Leslie Snyder Aug 1998

The Effects Of Constant And Variable Practice On Performing A Gross Motor Skill, Leslie Snyder

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present researcher compared and contrasted the variability of practice hypothesis (variable practice) with the specificity of learning hypothesis (constant practice) for this study. The variability of practice hypothesis specified that a person's subsequent ability to complete a novel motor task will increase by altering conditions of practice (Schmidt, 1975). The specificity of learning hypothesis, however, asserted that repetition of the same movements will increase an individual's retention rate for the movement (Adams, 1971). The researcher operationalized this debate via basketball free throw shooting. Participants were assigned to either a constant practice condition, where shots were taken from the free …

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Moderation Of Personality Test Validity, Christopher Woolard Aug 1998

Moderation Of Personality Test Validity, Christopher Woolard

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Personality testing can be an adequate instrument for prediction of future job performance. However, the predictive ability of these tests has been only moderate at best. This researcher attempted to determine if feedback would help improve the predictive ability of personality tests. The results indicated that feedback did not moderate the relationship between the personality dimensions and job performance for all of the personality construct s except Openness to Experience. This researcher also attempted to replicate the findings of the Barrick and Mount (1993) study which found that autonomy moderated the relationship between Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and job performance. This …

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Predicting Academic Success In College Using The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Katherine Bishop Aug 1998

Predicting Academic Success In College Using The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Katherine Bishop

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The prediction of success in college has received a substantial amount of research interest. A variety of predictor variables have been examined including personality and demographic variables as well as scores on standardized college entrance examinations. However, few studies have included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). In the present study, this researcher examined the ability of the WAIS-R to predict college success as measured by grade point average (GPA). The participants were 49 undergraduates, from a public university, who volunteered for intellectual assessments. It was hypothesized that the WAIS-R would predict college GPA. The prediction was expected to be …

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Educational Specialist Programs In School Psychology: Trends In Training Emphasis, Shawna Kennedy Aug 1998

Educational Specialist Programs In School Psychology: Trends In Training Emphasis, Shawna Kennedy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A survey was conducted to examine current training practices of NASP accredited specialist programs. Information was gathered through a mailed survey to NASP accredited school psychology Ed.S. training programs across the United States. Of the 97 training programs to whom surveys were sent, 56 surveys were returned and 51 were considered usable (53% return rate). The survey respondents were divided into groups according to self-reported program emphasis. Thirty-one programs reported emphasizing traditional assessment (Traditional Programs), while 20 programs reported other areas of emphasis (Other Programs). An independent t-test indicated that Traditional Programs offer significantly higher amounts of training in traditional …

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"Reasonable Person" Vs. "Reasonable Woman": An Evaluation Of The Standards Used In Determining Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment, Allison Maue Aug 1998

"Reasonable Person" Vs. "Reasonable Woman": An Evaluation Of The Standards Used In Determining Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment, Allison Maue

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Currently, there is a debate in progress over which standard is appropriate for use when evaluating hostile work environment sexual harassment. Traditionally the "reasonable person" has been used as the viewpoint from which to evaluate potentially harassing behavior. However, the historical 1991 federal court case Ellison vs. Brady introduced the "reasonable woman" standard due to the belief that the traditional standard may unwittingly be biased toward men. Most research to date has focused on the benefits and/or disadvantages of utilizing one standard over the other. The present research represents an attempt to discover whether the implementation of a standard truly …

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Influence Of Viewing Dramatic Television And Perceived Risk Of Victimization On Crime-Specific Fear, Eric Barth Aug 1998

Influence Of Viewing Dramatic Television And Perceived Risk Of Victimization On Crime-Specific Fear, Eric Barth

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictability of the fear of property and personal crime in relation to viewing dramatic or violent television. The study was carried out using the viewpoint that the viewing of violence, which is symbolically communicated through the medium of television, does affect the fear of crime. A questionnaire was administered in the spring of 1998 to students of a mid-South regional university. The sample consisted of 619 undergraduate students. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results of this study suggest that watching violent television …

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Gender Differences In College Students' Attributions For Success And Failure, Anna Hutton Aug 1998

Gender Differences In College Students' Attributions For Success And Failure, Anna Hutton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Attributions for success and failure have been the topic of much research. One area of focus is that of gender differences. Research has produced highly inconsistent results, but many believe that differences exist in the way men and women attribute success and failure. The present study was designed to identify differences in the ways college men and women make attributions for success and failure and to determine whether there are gender differences in attributions for success and failure in ego-involved areas. Three hundred and ninety undergraduate students completed the Collegiate Attributions Scale. Results showed that (a) college students are more …

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Zebrafish Retinal Development And The Effects Of Abnormal Light Rearing Conditions, Shannon Saszik Aug 1998

Zebrafish Retinal Development And The Effects Of Abnormal Light Rearing Conditions, Shannon Saszik

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Anatomical and physiological studies have shown that the zebrafish is a useful model of vertebrate visual function. Anatomy has shown that the zebrafish possess the traditional three cone types (S-, M-, and L- cones), and a fourth cone type that is sensitive to ultraviolet light (U-cones). Physiologically, the adult zebrafish appears to have a complex visual system with color opponent mechanisms. Anatomical results suggest that the zebrafish may be a good model of retinal development as well. The zebrafish retina develops in a sequential manner and is immature at hatch. Bilotta et al. (1996) also found that the retina was …

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Coping With Jealousy: Effects Of Personality, Gender And Intensity Of Jealousy, Tisha Thompson Aug 1998

Coping With Jealousy: Effects Of Personality, Gender And Intensity Of Jealousy, Tisha Thompson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present researcher focused on how subjects cope with jealousy in 6 different situations. A scale was developed to assess how jealous subjects would be in the 6 situations and how likely they were to use 13 different coping methods. Principal components analysis yielded 3 coping components. The researcher investigated the relationship between personality and coping style, finding that different personality types, using Costa and McCrae's 5-factor model, coped differently with jealousy. The researcher also examined the relationship between gender and coping style. Results suggested that females use coping methods to save the relationship with their partner and males tend …

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A Study Of Highly And Moderately Gifted Students In Mixed-Age Settings And The Effect On Social Status And Self-Concept, Deeayne Mayfield Aug 1998

A Study Of Highly And Moderately Gifted Students In Mixed-Age Settings And The Effect On Social Status And Self-Concept, Deeayne Mayfield

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This research addresses issues of self-concept, social status, and relative age as they relate to moderately (n=146) and highly (n=161) gifted students. Previous research regarding self-concept and giftedness yielded mixed results. The majority of social status research had not been conducted with gifted students, and relative age issues have been addressed only with young children. Therefore, the present research was conducted to carry the previous studies further. Only one self-concept scale, the Behavior scale, showed a significant difference between highly and moderately gifted students with highly gifted students outscoring moderately gifted students. No significant differences between moderately and highly gifted …

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Reinterpreting Telepathy As Unusual Experiences Of Empathy And Charisma, James M. Donovan Aug 1998

Reinterpreting Telepathy As Unusual Experiences Of Empathy And Charisma, James M. Donovan

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Telepathy is often dismissed because it is judged to be contrary to the accepted facts of social psychology. This article argues that what is called telepathy may require nothing more than empathy and charisma and is reducible to these sociopsychological constructs. Two studies explore this hypothesis. In the first the proposed relationship is used to explain the sheep-goat effect. In the second study scores on charisma and empathy are used as direct predictors of scores on traditional telepathy measures. The results in combination support the interpretation of telepathy as phenomenologically impressive social psychological events which in less dramatic instances are …

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Continuity Of Emotions Across Pre-Sleep State And The Content Of Dreams, Teresa M. Picciocchi Aug 1998

Continuity Of Emotions Across Pre-Sleep State And The Content Of Dreams, Teresa M. Picciocchi

Master's Theses

The relationship between unmanipulated pre-sleep states and the affective composition of dreams was investigated. Sixty college students completed the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) prior to retiring for the night and the Differential Emotion Scale {DES-IV) focusing upon any dream recalled upon awakening. In support of the Continuity Theory, which states that our personalities and experiences are reflected in our dreams, significant positive correlations were found between pre-sleep curiosity and the presence of interest in the dream, pre-sleep anger and anger in the dream and pre sleep depression and sadness within the dream. Support for the Day Residue effect was obtained …

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Hoarding, Compulsive Buying And Reasons For Saving, Randy O. Frost, Hyo Jin Kim, Claire Morris, Cinnamon Bloss, Marta Murray-Close, Gail Steketee Aug 1998

Hoarding, Compulsive Buying And Reasons For Saving, Randy O. Frost, Hyo Jin Kim, Claire Morris, Cinnamon Bloss, Marta Murray-Close, Gail Steketee

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Two studies examined hypotheses about compulsive hoarding, compulsive buying and beliefs about saving and discarding derived from the cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. A cognitive behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 341-350.]. Study 1 examined the hypotheses in a college student population, while study 2 compared members of a support group for hoarding and clutter-related problems with a nonclinical control. Across studies the hypotheses were supported. Compulsive hoarding was associated with compulsive buying and the frequency of acquisition of possessions discarded by others, suggesting that compulsive acquisition may be a broader construct than compulsive buying among …

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Modeling Item-Level Data With Item Response Theory, Michael John Zickar Aug 1998

Modeling Item-Level Data With Item Response Theory, Michael John Zickar

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Mdma And Learning: Effects Of Acute And Neurotoxic Exposure, Thomas P. Byrne Aug 1998

Mdma And Learning: Effects Of Acute And Neurotoxic Exposure, Thomas P. Byrne

Dissertations

In two experiments, the effects of MDMA were examined on the acquisition of lever-press responding by rats exposed to procedures in which water delivery was delayed by 0, 10, or 20 seconds. In the first experiment, naive, water-deprived rats received an intraperitoneal injection of MDMA (0, 1.0, 3.2, or 5.6 mg/kg) prior to one experimental session. Response acquisition was observed under all conditions at all drug doses. MDMA increased both response rates and reinforcers earned in a dose-dependent fashion, but only when reinforcement was immediate. Under conditions of delay, MDMA had no effect on the number of lever presses emitted …

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A Computer/Tutorial System Compared With A Workbook/Tutorial System For Presenting Instructional Material To At-Risk Elementary School Students, Vincent O. Hodge Aug 1998

A Computer/Tutorial System Compared With A Workbook/Tutorial System For Presenting Instructional Material To At-Risk Elementary School Students, Vincent O. Hodge

Dissertations

Two different ways of presenting instructional material and reacting to students’ responses were compared. One, taking advantage of several features of multimedia instruction involved a desktop computer and various computer-presented consequences of correct and incorrect responses (largely chosen by the student). The other consisted in presenting the same instructional materials (the SRA primary curriculum) in a workbook form with tutors' comments and praise as the main form of response consequence. The two methods were compared with respect to various measures of student and system performance, including student accuracy (percent correct responses), types of errors, amount of correct response repetition (over-responding), …

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Laterality Of The Perception Of Computer Presented Written Sexual Words By Right-Handed Males And Females, Randall W. Stewart Aug 1998

Laterality Of The Perception Of Computer Presented Written Sexual Words By Right-Handed Males And Females, Randall W. Stewart

Dissertations

The right hemisphere of males has been shown to possess a greater capacity for accurate perception of emotional non-verbal material (pictures) than the left hemisphere. The same is true for females, but with a smaller difference between the two hemispheres. Some previous research has partially confirmed these relationships using tachistoscopic presentation of emotional words. The present study, using briefly exposed computerpresented sexual words, compared perception accuracy with respect to a sexuality rating of clearly sexual and clearly non-sexual words, in the right versus the left visual field, and with males versus females. As with previous research using verbal stimuli, the …

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The Treatment Utility Of The Arousal Predisposition Scale In Predicting The Outcome Of Exposure Therapy With Small Animal Phobias, Ellen I. Koch Aug 1998

The Treatment Utility Of The Arousal Predisposition Scale In Predicting The Outcome Of Exposure Therapy With Small Animal Phobias, Ellen I. Koch

Masters Theses

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an in vivo, one-session exposure procedure modified from that described by Lars-Goran Ost for the treatment of small animal phobias. This study also assessed the ability of the Arousal Predisposition Scale to predict treatment outcome. Subjects received treatment for snake, spider, rat, mouse, or crawling insect phobia. Three groups were utilized (treatment, phobic control and non-phobic control). The treatment session included both behavioral and self-report measures of anxiety. Almost all treatment subjects showed dramatic improvement on both of these types of measures during posttest and one-month follow-up. The treatment and non-phobic control groups were …

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Cardiac Rehabilitation: Gender Differences In Factors Influencing Participation, Lani Lieberman, Marta Meana, Donna E. Stewart Aug 1998

Cardiac Rehabilitation: Gender Differences In Factors Influencing Participation, Lani Lieberman, Marta Meana, Donna E. Stewart

Psychology Faculty Research

This study investigates gender differences in the barriers and incentives that are most influential in the coronary patient's decision to participate in cardiac rehabilitation (CRPs) and suggests strategies to counter these barriers. Patient surveys were administered to consecutive English-speaking attenders and referred nonattenders to a cardiac rehabilitation center at a university healthcare system in Toronto, Canada. A survey questionnaire, constructed from a literature review and advice from key informants, examined potential factors affecting decisions to engage in CRPs. One129 attenders at a CRP and 61 referred nonattenders completed the questionnaire. Physician recommendation was reported to be the most important factor …

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