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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1051
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Evolution Of Child Fire Involvement, Rebekah Doley
The Evolution Of Child Fire Involvement, Rebekah Doley
Rebekah Doley
Extract:
In a legal context the term “arson” is often not applied to child fire-setting because it is generally accepted that children as young as 10 years cannot form an “intention” to commit a crime. Sometimes the term “fire-play” is used as an alternative, yet many child development specialists and educators see this as a misnomer because, the word “play” connotes positive, learning activities. Statistically, however, it seems a consistent trend world-wide that a significant number of deliberately lit fires are started by juveniles. It raises the question, then, whether these young people have “always” lit fires or whether this …
Carelessness And Discriminability In Work Role Requirement Judgments: Influences Of Role Ambiguity And Cognitive Complexity, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin
Carelessness And Discriminability In Work Role Requirement Judgments: Influences Of Role Ambiguity And Cognitive Complexity, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin
Erich C. Dierdorff
Fundamental to effective human resource systems is the capture of data regarding work role requirements. However, previous research on factors that influence work role requirement judgments has been largely equivocal. From a sample of 203 incumbents, representing 73 unique occupations, we investigated 2 cognitive sources of influence on carelessness and discriminability in work role requirement judgments. We hypothesized that incumbents perceiving high role ambiguity would provide ratings that were more careless and showed less discriminability, and cognitively complex individuals would provide more careful and discriminating ratings. These influences were hypothesized to vary across different work descriptors and rating scales. Results …
A Latent Profile Analysis Of College Students’ Achievement Goal Orientation Profiles, Dena Pastor, K. Barron, B. Miller, S. Davis
A Latent Profile Analysis Of College Students’ Achievement Goal Orientation Profiles, Dena Pastor, K. Barron, B. Miller, S. Davis
Dena A Pastor
No abstract provided.
Input Vs. Output Level Coupling Demonstrates Asymmetrical Attentional Biases, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey
Input Vs. Output Level Coupling Demonstrates Asymmetrical Attentional Biases, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey
Gavin Buckingham
The current study examined the performance of each limb as it reached across the body (the hard task), while yoked to it’s ipsilateral reaching counterpart (the easy task).
The Squid And The Whale: Continuing Education Program, Tiffani Kisler
The Squid And The Whale: Continuing Education Program, Tiffani Kisler
Tiffani S. Kisler
No abstract provided.
Mummy Do I Look Fat In This?, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon
Mummy Do I Look Fat In This?, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon
Peta B. Stapleton
No abstract provided.
Consensus In Work Role Requirements: The Influence Of Discrete Occupational Context On Role Expectations, Erich Dierdorff, Frederick Morgeson
Consensus In Work Role Requirements: The Influence Of Discrete Occupational Context On Role Expectations, Erich Dierdorff, Frederick Morgeson
Erich C. Dierdorff
Although role theory has long described how expectations shape role behavior, little empirical research has examined differences among work role requirements and how features of the discrete occupational context may influence the extent to which role expectations are shared among role holders. The authors examined consensus in work role requirements from a sample of over 20,000 incumbents across 98 occupations. They found that consensus systematically decreased as work role requirements ranged from molecular tasks to responsibilities to molar traits. In addition, they found that consensus in these work role requirements was significantly influenced by the amount of interdependence, autonomy, and …
Placing Peer Ratings In Context: Systematic Influences Beyond Ratee Performance, Erich Dierdorff, Eric Surface
Placing Peer Ratings In Context: Systematic Influences Beyond Ratee Performance, Erich Dierdorff, Eric Surface
Erich C. Dierdorff
Performance evaluation research indicates that variance in ratings may be attributable to systematic sources beyond the actual performance of the ratee. However, the majority of prior work compares ratings across sources and uses ratings from a single rating event. Using confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate latent growth modeling (MLGM), we specifically examine peer ratings from 740 participants on 5 performance dimensions across 3 distinct performance situations for systematic sources of variance beyond ratee performance. Results demonstrate that both ratee performance and the performance context have systematic effects, with contextual effects varying by how “strong” or “weak” the situation is for …
Cumulative Benefits Of Secondary School-Based Treatment Of Students With Adhd, S. Evans, Z. Serpell, B. Schultz, Dena Pastor
Cumulative Benefits Of Secondary School-Based Treatment Of Students With Adhd, S. Evans, Z. Serpell, B. Schultz, Dena Pastor
Dena A Pastor
No abstract provided.
Volitional Control Of Attention And Brain Activation In Dual Task Performance, Sharlene Newman, Timothy Keller, Marcel Just
Volitional Control Of Attention And Brain Activation In Dual Task Performance, Sharlene Newman, Timothy Keller, Marcel Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Inhibitory Control In High Functioning Autism: Decreased Activation And Underconnectivity In Inhibition Networks, Rajesh Kana, Timothy Keller, Nancy Minshew, Marcel Just
Inhibitory Control In High Functioning Autism: Decreased Activation And Underconnectivity In Inhibition Networks, Rajesh Kana, Timothy Keller, Nancy Minshew, Marcel Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Assessing Treatment Integrity In Behavioral Consultation, Lee Wilkinson
Assessing Treatment Integrity In Behavioral Consultation, Lee Wilkinson
Lee A Wilkinson, PhD
The trend in school psychology services is a shift from an emphasis on an assessment-based paradigm to one of consultation problem-solving and behavioral intervention. A critical component of consultation-derived interventions and behavior change is treatment integrity. Treatment integrity (or fidelity) refers to the extent to which an intervention is implemented as intended (or planned). Although its importance has been acknowledged in the literature, this construct has largely been neglected in consultation research and practice. This article describes practical approaches for assessing and monitoring the integrity of treatments implemented during the problem-solving process. A treatment-monitoring interview (TMI) is proposed as an …
Repetition Priming Endurance In Picture Naming And Translation: Contributions Of Component Processes, Wendy Francis, Silvia Sáenz
Repetition Priming Endurance In Picture Naming And Translation: Contributions Of Component Processes, Wendy Francis, Silvia Sáenz
Wendy S. Francis
No abstract provided.
The Body And Children's Word Learning, Linda Smith, Josita Maouene, S. Hidaka
The Body And Children's Word Learning, Linda Smith, Josita Maouene, S. Hidaka
Josita C Maouene
No abstract provided.
Does Prevalence Mitigate Relevance? The Moderating Effect Of Group Level Ocb On Employee Performance, William Bommer, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin
Does Prevalence Mitigate Relevance? The Moderating Effect Of Group Level Ocb On Employee Performance, William Bommer, Erich Dierdorff, Robert Rubin
Erich C. Dierdorff
This article explores multilevel relationships between group-level OCB, individual-level OCB, and work performance. We also discuss conceptualizing OCB with regard to context and multiple levels of analysis. We hypothesize that group-level OCB moderates the relationship between individual-level OCB and job performance. Results based on 100 work groups in a manufacturing firm indicate that group-level OCB significantly moderated the relationship between individual-level OCB and job performance. Comparing contexts in which group-level OCB was rare with those in which it was prevalent, we found that high individual-level OCB yielded greater significant increases in job performance ratings when group-level OCB was rare.
Temporal Organization Of Eating In Low- And High- Saccharin-Consuming Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Jocelyn Richard, Susan Severe
Temporal Organization Of Eating In Low- And High- Saccharin-Consuming Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Jocelyn Richard, Susan Severe
Clinton D Chapman
When, where, and how much animals eat are influenced by food scarcity and risk of predation. The present study concerned the mediation of risk-related feeding patterns by emotion. Occidental Low-saccharin- consuming (LoS) and High-saccharin-consuming (HiS) rats, which differ in both ingestion and emotionality, were studied in three steady-state paradigms: an "open economy" procedure (discrete session cyclic-ratio operant schedule) and two "closed economy" procedures (meal patterning, free feeding with running wheel access). Cyclic-ratio performance showed better defense of stable food intake against variable cost among LoS rats. In closed economies, LoS rats consumed a larger number of smaller meals and showed …
Asymmetries In Attention Toward The Dominant Hand: Input Or Output?, Gavin Buckingham, Julie Main, David Carey
Asymmetries In Attention Toward The Dominant Hand: Input Or Output?, Gavin Buckingham, Julie Main, David Carey
Gavin Buckingham
Peters (1981) suggested that an asymmetrical bias in attention (toward the right hand of right handers) could account for many manual asymmetries in bimanual task performance. Support for this notion comes from Honda (1982), who demonstrated preferential monitoring of the dominant hand during a bimanual reaching task, while Buckingham and Carey (2007) observed shorter refractory periods (dwell time in a bimanual discontinuous double-step reaching task) for the right hand.
Recent evidence may indicate an intentional (i.e. selection related behaviour – motor attention) bias toward the dominant hand (Bestelmeyer & Carey, 2004). The current study tests the hypothesis that the right …
Using Software To Track Client Ratings Of Mft Trainee Effectiveness, Jaqueline Sparks
Using Software To Track Client Ratings Of Mft Trainee Effectiveness, Jaqueline Sparks
Jaqueline A. Sparks
No abstract provided.
Measuring Individual Differences In Affective, Heuristic, And Holistic Intuition, Jean Pretz, Kathryn Totz
Measuring Individual Differences In Affective, Heuristic, And Holistic Intuition, Jean Pretz, Kathryn Totz
Jean E Pretz
What is the nature of intuition? How should individual differences in intuition be measured? We examined the nature of intuition as measured by two commonly-used questionnaires of the construct. Two hundred twelve undergraduates completed the Rational-Experiential Inventory and the Intuitive/Sensate and Thinking/Feeling subscales of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator to examine correspondences between the constructs measured by each. Factor analyses revealed that the scales tap three distinct aspects of intuition: affective, heuristic, and holistic intuition. The REI was unique in its measurement of intuitive ability, and the MBTI was unique in its measurement of holistic intuition. An unexpected relationship between …
What Women Want, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon
What Women Want, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon
Peta B. Stapleton
No abstract provided.
Mental Health Parity Laws, Louis Graham, Kisha Braithwaite
Mental Health Parity Laws, Louis Graham, Kisha Braithwaite
Louis F Graham
Attentional Vs. Intentional Biases In Hand Movements; Hand-Specific Coupling & Bimanual Reaching, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey
Attentional Vs. Intentional Biases In Hand Movements; Hand-Specific Coupling & Bimanual Reaching, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey
Gavin Buckingham
Most of the population is dextral, showing a clear preference for performing the vast majority of tasks with their right hand. Peters (1981) suggested that an asymmetrical bias in attention (toward the right hand in right handers) could account for many manual asymmetries in bimanual task performance, with the left hand unable to perform the attentionally demanding portion of the task. Likewise, Honda (1982) demonstrated preferential monitoring of the dominant hand during a bimanual reaching task. Recent evidence has also shown an intentional (i.e. output related motor attention) bias toward the dominant hand (Bestelmeyer & Carey, 2004), another possible factor …
What Is Body Image, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon
What Is Body Image, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon
Peta B. Stapleton
No abstract provided.
Introducing The Navigator, The Juggler, And The Analyst: A Q Profile Of Undergraduate Psychology Students Within An Australian University, Dawn Darlaston-Jones
Introducing The Navigator, The Juggler, And The Analyst: A Q Profile Of Undergraduate Psychology Students Within An Australian University, Dawn Darlaston-Jones
Dawn Darlaston-Jones
Addressing Distressed And Disruptive Students, Robin G. Gayle
Addressing Distressed And Disruptive Students, Robin G. Gayle
Robin G. Gayle
Group Case Study And Treatment Plan Guide, Robin G. Gayle, J. Danielson
Group Case Study And Treatment Plan Guide, Robin G. Gayle, J. Danielson
Robin G. Gayle
An Applied Evaluation At A Living History Museum, Jamie J. Peterson
An Applied Evaluation At A Living History Museum, Jamie J. Peterson
Jamie Peterson
No abstract provided.
Brief Report: Impact Of Classroom Presentations About Health And Help Seeking On Rural Australian Adolescents’ Intentions To Consult Health Care Professionals., Coralie J. Wilson
Brief Report: Impact Of Classroom Presentations About Health And Help Seeking On Rural Australian Adolescents’ Intentions To Consult Health Care Professionals., Coralie J. Wilson
Frank Deane
Building Bridges-GP-Team (Building Bridges-Team; Wilson et al., 2004c) is a variation of the Building Bridges to General Practice: GPs in Schools program (Building Bridges-GP; Wilson et al., 2004a), which promotes consultation with health care professionals who are local and available for rural and regional adolescent’ consultation. The first major component of Building Bridges-GP-Team involves structured health professional training that provides knowledge in three basic areas: (1) adolescents’ help seeking barriers and ways to address barriers in primary health care; (2) developmental issues relevant to adolescent’ help seeking; and (3) classroom management, presentation strategies, and elementary teaching skills. Training is based …
Toward An Understanding Of Risk Factors For Anorexia Nervosa: A Case-Control Study, R H. Striegel, K M. Pike, A Hilbert, D E. Wilfley, C G. Fairburn, F A. Dohm, B T. Walsh
Toward An Understanding Of Risk Factors For Anorexia Nervosa: A Case-Control Study, R H. Striegel, K M. Pike, A Hilbert, D E. Wilfley, C G. Fairburn, F A. Dohm, B T. Walsh
Ruth Striegel Weissman
Background
Prospective, longitudinal studies of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) are lacking and existing cross-sectional studies are generally narrow in focus and lack methodological rigor. Building on two studies that used the Oxford Risk Factor Interview (RFI) to establish time precedence and comprehensively assess potential risk correlates for AN, the present study advances this line of research and represents the first case-control study of risk factors for AN in the USA.
Method
The RFI was used for retrospective assessment of a broad range of risk factors, while establishing time precedence. Using a case-control design, 50 women who met DSM-IV …
Brief Report: Impact Of Classroom Presentations About Health And Help Seeking On Rural Australian Adolescents’ Intentions To Consult Health Care Professionals., Coralie J. Wilson
Brief Report: Impact Of Classroom Presentations About Health And Help Seeking On Rural Australian Adolescents’ Intentions To Consult Health Care Professionals., Coralie J. Wilson
Coralie J Wilson
Building Bridges-GP-Team (Building Bridges-Team; Wilson et al., 2004c) is a variation of the Building Bridges to General Practice: GPs in Schools program (Building Bridges-GP; Wilson et al., 2004a), which promotes consultation with health care professionals who are local and available for rural and regional adolescent’ consultation. The first major component of Building Bridges-GP-Team involves structured health professional training that provides knowledge in three basic areas: (1) adolescents’ help seeking barriers and ways to address barriers in primary health care; (2) developmental issues relevant to adolescent’ help seeking; and (3) classroom management, presentation strategies, and elementary teaching skills. Training is based …