Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Time Dependent Attribute-Level Best Worst Discrete Choice Modelling, Amanda Working, Mohammed Alqawba, Norou Diawara, Ling Li

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Discrete choice models (DCMs) are applied in statistical modelling of consumer behavior. Such models are used in many areas including social sciences, health economics, transportation research, and health systems research and they are time dependent. In this manuscript, we review references on the study of such models, develop DCMs with emphasis on time dependent best-worst choice and discrimination between choice attributes. Referenced measurements of the dynamic DCMs are simulated. Expected utilities over time are derived using Markov decision processes. We study attributes and attribute-levels associated with the quality of life of seniors, report the estimation results, and discuss our findings.

Impact Of Highway Work Zones On Traffic Crashes: A Case Study In Michigan, Qadri Hafez Shaheen

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Infrastructure in the US is severely aged and outdated. This presents a seemingly paradoxical problem in the field of construction management: In order to fix and make roads and highways more safe, construction zones must become inherently less safe in the process. There is a high cost to taxpayers and drivers, as work zones experience a significant amount of crashes and fatalities each year. To mitigate some of the factors that contribute to these crashes, this paper attempts to deliver guidelines on how to update relevant crash data, identify relevant factors, and create recommendations accordingly. The research focused particularly on …

Campus Climate Sexual Assault Survey (2015) Analysis, Felicia Rosin

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The issue of sexual assault has garnered widespread attention in recent years, as is evident by the growing number of high-profile cases and mainstream social movements. With this increasingly bright spotlight, it is no surprise that The University of Akron has interest in improving the sexual violence education programs offered to students. In 2015, the university conducted a survey to gather information on the campus climate surrounding sexual assault. This analysis dives into a deeper analysis of the data gathered in an attempt to pinpoint areas that require the university’s attention. The analysis covers topics identified by Dean of Students …

Penalized Mixed-Effects Ordinal Response Models For High-Dimensional Genomic Data In Twins And Families, Amanda E. Gentry

Theses and Dissertations

The Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study (BLTS) was being conducted in Australia and was funded by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Adolescent twins were sampled as a part of this study and surveyed about their substance use as part of the Pathways to Cannabis Use, Abuse and Dependence project. The methods developed in this dissertation were designed for the purpose of analyzing a subset of the Pathways data that includes demographics, cannabis use metrics, personality measures, and imputed genotypes (SNPs) for 493 complete twin pairs (986 subjects.) The primary goal was to determine what combination of SNPs and …

Rock Paper Scissors And Evolutionary Game Theory, Christian Cordova, Rudolf Jovero, Evan Thomas

Math 365 Class Projects

In Rock Paper Scissors (RPS), three different "species" compete, but no single species has a dominating strategy. In evolutionary game theory, replicator equations model population densities over time. When a mutation is introduced, they are called "replicator-mutator" equations. Using the replicator-mutator equation in [1] we have shown how population density of three species change.

Understanding The Novice Decision-Making Process In Forensic Footwear Examinations: Accuracy And Decision Rules, Madonna A. Nobel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The reproducibility of experienced-based forensic pattern interpretation is founded on the notion that domain-specific knowledge can be successfully distributed and applied among experts within a group. This assumption persists, even when the examination is complicated by variations in case circumstances, such as impression clarity and totality, as well as media, substrate, collection mechanism and enhancement. While it is further theorized that many of these factors (as well as additional confounding factors) are at play during an examination, the manner and extent to which these sources of variability affect the examination of footwear evidence remain unclear. In order to explore this …

Spatial Modelling And Wildlife Health Surveillance: A Case Study Of White Nose Syndrome In Ontario, Lauren Yee

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Wildlife data is often limited by survey effort, small sample sizes, and spatial biases associated with collection and missing data. These factors can create unique challenges from a surveillance perspective when trying to extract spatial patterns of habitat suitability and disease distributions for conservation and management purposes. This thesis examined data quality from a wildlife health database in the context of spatial analysis of wildlife disease. Spatial analysis of the data to predict habitat suitability of bats and white nose syndrome afflicted bats was examined by using the MaxEnt modelling method. Methods to reduce spatial bias were examined and specific …

Netnographic Slog: Creative Elicitation Strategies To Encourage Participation In An Online Community Of Practice For Early Education And Care, Ruth Wallace

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Active, participatory netnography, in contrast to passive netnography, is essential if researchers are to gain rich rewards from the rigorous collection of qualitative data. However, researchers should be aware of the ‘netnographic slog’; “the blood, sweat and tears” associated with eliciting quality data and encouraging active participation in online communities.

This article examines the – Supporting Nutrition for Australian Childcare (SNAC) – online community of practice, established to support healthy eating practices in early childhood education and care settings. To ensure research rigour, Kozinets’ netnographic steps were employed. Garnering member participation in this online community was a slog; most community …

Of Rats And Men, Thomas S. Walsh

Capstones

This capstone is a data-driven investigation into New York City's rat problem. By using publicly available government data to map rat activity in NYC, I identified several socio-economic variables that correlate with rat populations at the community district, borough, and city-scale. I used these findings (mainly that rat problems are linked to lower incomes) as the basis of an investigation, which includes interviews with residents, experts, and city officials. Prof. Bobby Corrigan, urban rodentologist and formerly with the NYC Department of Health criticizes the city's efforts for the first time on the record.

https://thomasseiyawalsh.wixsite.com/ratstone

Approximating The Distribution Of Indefinite Quadratic Forms In Normal Variables By Maximum Entropy Density Estimation, Ghasem Rekabdar, Rahim Chinipardaz

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The quadratic form of non-central normal variables is presented based on a sum of weighted independent non-central chi-square variables. This presentation provides moments of quadratic form. The maximum entropy method is used to estimate the density function because distribution moments of quadratic forms are known. A Euclidean distance is proposed to select an appropriate maximum entropy density function. In order to compare with other methods some numerical examples were evaluated. Also, for discrimination between two groups by the Euclidean distances, we obtained a stochastic representation for the linear discriminant function using the quadratic form. The maximum entropy estimation was an …

Semi-Parametric Method To Estimate The Time-To-Failure Distribution And Its Percentiles For Simple Linear Degradation Model, Laila Naji Ba Dakhn, Mohammed Al-Haj Ebrahem, Omar Eidous

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Most reliability studies obtained reliability information by using degradation measurements over time, which contains useful data about the product reliability. Parametric methods like the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and the ordinary least square (OLS) estimator are used widely to estimate the time-to-failure distribution and its percentiles. In this article, we estimate the time-to-failure distribution and its percentiles by using a semi-parametric estimator that assumes the parametric function to have a half- normal distribution or an exponential distribution. The performance of the semi-parametric estimator is compared via simulation study with the ML and OLS estimators by using the mean square error …

Jmasm 48: The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient And Adjustment Indices: The Fisher Approximate Unbiased Estimator And The Olkin-Pratt Adjustment (Spss), David A. Walker

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This syntax program is intended to provide an application, not readily available, for users in SPSS who are interested in the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient (r) and r biased adjustment indices such as the Fisher Approximate Unbiased estimator and the Olkin and Pratt adjustment.

Inferential Procedures For Log Logistic Distribution With Doubly Interval Censored Data, Yue Fang Loh, Jayanthi Arasan, Habshah Midi, M. R. Abu Bakar

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The log logistic model with doubly interval censored data is examined. Three methods of constructing confidence interval estimates for the parameter of the model were compared and discussed. The results of the coverage probability study indicated that the Wald outperformed the likelihood ratio and jackknife inferential procedures.

On Poisson Quasi-Lindley Distribution And Its Applications, Razika Grine, Halim Zeghdoudi

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This paper proposes a recent version of compound Poisson distributions named the Poisson quasi-Lindley (PQL) distribution by compounding Poisson and quasi-Lindley distributions. Some properties of the distributions are given with estimation and some illustrative examples.

Detection Of Outliers In Univariate Circular Data Using Robust Circular Distance, Ehab A. Mahmood, Sohel Rana, Habshah Midi, Abdul Ghapor Hussin

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A robust statistic to detect single and multi-outliers in univariate circular data is proposed. The performance of the proposed statistic was tested by applying it to a simulation study and to three real data sets, and was demonstrated to be robust.

Modeling Agreement Between Binary Classifications Of Multiple Raters In R And Sas, Aya A. Mitani, Kerrie P. Nelson

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Cancer screening and diagnostic tests often are classified using a binary outcome such as diseased or not diseased. Recently large-scale studies have been conducted to assess agreement between many raters. Measures of agreement using the class of generalized linear mixed models were implemented efficiently in four recently introduced R and SAS packages in large-scale agreement studies incorporating binary classifications. Simulation studies were conducted to compare the performance across the packages and apply the agreement methods to two cancer studies.

Jmasm 49: A Compilation Of Some Popular Goodness Of Fit Tests For Normal Distribution: Their Algorithms And Matlab Codes (Matlab), Metin Öner, İpek Deveci Kocakoç

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The main purpose of this study is to review calculation algorithms for some of the most common non-parametric and omnibus tests for normality, and to provide them as a compiled MATLAB function. All tests are coded to provide p-values for those normality tests, and the proposed function gives the results as an output table.

The Impact Of Predictor Variable(S) With Skewed Cell Probabilities On Wald Tests In Binary Logistic Regression, Arwa Alkhalaf, Bruno D. Zumbo

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A series of simulation studies are reported that investigated the impact of a skewed predictor(s) on the Type I error rate and power of the Wald test in a logistic regression model. Five simulations were conducted for three different regression models. A detailed description of the impact of skewed cell predictor probabilities and sample size provide guidelines for practitioners wherein to expect the greatest problems.

Jmasm 50: A Web-Based Shiny Application For Conducting A Two Dependent Samples Maximum Test (R), Saverpierre Maggio, Gokul Bhandari, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A web-based Shiny application written in R statistical language was developed and deployed online to calculate a new two dependent samples maximum test as presented in Maggio and Sawilowsky (2014b). The maximum test allows researchers to conduct both the dependent samples t-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests on same data without raising concerns associated with Type I error inflation and choice of statistical tests (Maggio and Sawilowsky, 2014a). The maximum test in R statistical language provides a friendly user interface.

Jmasm 47: Anova_Hov: A Sas Macro For Testing Homogeneity Of Variance In One-Factor Anova Models (Sas), Isaac Li, Yi-Hsin Chen, Yan Wang, Patricia RodríGuez De Gil, Thanh Pham, Diep Nguyen, Eun Sook Kim, Jeffrey D. Kromrey

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Variance homogeneity (HOV) is a critical assumption for ANOVA whose violation may lead to perturbations in Type I error rates. Minimal consensus exists on selecting an appropriate test. This SAS macro implements 14 different HOV approaches in one-way ANOVA. Examples are given and practical issues discussed.

A Remark For The Admissibility Of Rao’S U-Test, Z. D. Bai, C. R. Rao, M. T. Tsai

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

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Front Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

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Vol. 16, No. 2 (Full Issue), Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

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'Parallel Universe' Or 'Proven Future'? The Language Of Dependent Means T-Test Interpretations, Anthony M. Gould, Jean-Etienne Joullié

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Of the three kinds of two-mean comparisons which judge a test statistic against a critical value taken from a Student t-distribution, one – the repeated measures or dependent-means application – is distinctive because it is meant to assess the value of a parameter which is not part of the natural order. This absence forces a choice between two interpretations of a significant test result and the meaning of the test hypothesis. The parallel universe view advances a conditional, backward-looking conclusion. The more practical proven future interpretation is a non-conditional proposition about what will happen if an intervention is (now) applied …

Unit Root Test For Panel Data Ar(1) Time Series Model With Linear Time Trend And Augmentation Term: A Bayesian Approach, Jitendra Kumar, Anoop Chaturvedi, Umme Afifa, Shafat Yousuf, Saurabh Kumar

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The univariate time series models, in the case of unit root hypothesis, are more biased towards the acceptance of the Unit Root Hypothesis especially in a short time span. However, the panel data time series model is more appropriate in such situation. The Bayesian analysis of unit root testing for a panel data time series model is considered. An autoregressive panel data AR(1) model with linear time trend and augmentation term has been considered and derived the posterior odds ratio for testing the presence of unit root hypothesis under appropriate prior assumptions. A simulation study and real data analysis are …

End Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

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Characterizations Of Distributions By Expected Values Of Lower Record Statistics With Spacing, M. Faizan, Ziaul Haque, M. A. Ansari

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The characterizations of a certain class of probability distributions are established through conditional expectation of lower record values when the conditioned record value may not be the adjacent one. Some of its important deductions are also discussed.

Using Pratt's Importance Measures In Confirmatory Factor Analyses, Amrey D. Wu, Bruno D. Zumbo

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

When running a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), users specify and interpret the pattern (loading) matrix. It has been recommended that the structure coefficients, indicating the factors’ correlation with the observed indicators, should also be reported when the factors are correlated (Graham, Guthrie, & Thompson, 2003; Thompson, 1997). The aims of this article are: (1) to note the structure coefficient should be interpreted with caution if the factors are specified to correlate. Because the structure coefficient is a zero-order correlation, it may be partially or entirely a reflection of factor correlations. This is elucidated by the matrix algebra of the structure …

A Double Ewma Control Chart For The Individuals Based On A Linear Prediction, Rafael Perez Abreu, Jay R. Schaffer

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Industrial process use single and double Exponential Weighted Moving Average control charts to detect small shifts in it. Occasionally there is a need to detect small trends instead of shifts, but the effectiveness to detect small trends. A new control chart is proposed to detect a small drift.

Study Evaluating The Alterations Caused In An Exploratory Factor Analysis When Multivariate Normal Data Is Dichotomized, Rosilei S. Novak, Jair M. Marques

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The relationships resulting from the dichotomization of multivariate normal data is a question that causes concern when using exploratory factor analysis. The relationships in an exploratory factor analysis are examined when multivariate normal data, generated by Monte Carlo methods, is dichotomized.