Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Consumers' Perceptions Of Voluntary And Involuntary Deconsumption: An Exploratory Sequential Scale Development Study, Kranti K. Dugar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This exploratory sequential mixed methods study of scale development was conducted among baby boomers in the United States to render conceptual clarity to the concepts of voluntary and involuntary deconsumption, to explore deconsumption behavior under the tenets of the attribution theory of motivation, and to examine the components, structures, uses, and measurement properties of scales of voluntary and involuntary deconsumption. It was also an attempt to reiterate the importance of the baby boomer segment(s) for marketing practitioners based on growth, economic viability, and the power of influence, and to establish a deep understanding of the deconsumption processes, which could enable …

Meta-Analyses Of The Relationship Between Depression And Nine Dimensions Of Perfectionism, Gabriel Lynn Hottinger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Perfectionism has been shown to be related to depression, but perfectionism is multidimensional. Some dimensions are related to positive psychological characteristics and outcomes and other dimensions are related to negative psychological characteristics and outcomes. This study reports results of nine meta-analyses performed to investigate the association between each of nine subscales of perfectionism and depression to determine which dimensions of perfectionism are most strongly associated with depression. The two subscales that were used from the Hewitt and Flett (1991b) Multidimensional Perfectionism scale were Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP). The five subscales that were used from the Frost et …

Barriers To Counseling Among Human Service Professionals: The Development And Validation Of The Fit, Stigma, & Value Scale, Edward S. Neukrug, Michael T. Kalkbrenner, Sandy-Ann M. Griffith

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

This study sought to confirm rates of attendance in counseling of human service professionals and validate a 32-item questionnaire designed to identify barriers to counseling seeking behavior among this population. Results indicated that a large percentage of human service professionals attend counseling, with males and females attending at similar rates and non-Caucasians attending at lower rates. A multivariate analysis of variance and descriptive statistics identified the most common barriers to attendance in counseling and examined demographic differences in participants’ sensitivity towards barriers to attendance in counseling. A Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) revealed three subscales (fit, value, and stigma), which we …

Statistics-Bierce Library Study, Tyler J. Hushour

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This is a report from two surveys that I created and administered to students and faculty at Bierce library who came to the Circulation Desk or the Tech Desk, as well as some of my other findings when periodically looking around the library to see where students like to study or hang-out. There was a written survey given at the Circulation Desk, and a different survey given at the Tech Check-Out Desk. The project is for Melanie Smith-Farrell, the head of Access Services, and is based on a similar study Ian McCullough did in the science library. While this is …

Juvenile Remains: Predicting Body Mass And Stature In Modern American Populations, Erin F E Pinkston

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

There are increasing numbers of unidentified persons in the U.S. and abroad. To generate positive identifications, forensic anthropologists and others working in the medicolegal field employ a variety of methods to produce biological profiles to match to case files and missing persons databases. Body mass, and stature are two important components of a biological profile, and both can be estimated using regression formulae derived from skeletal metrics. In cases of unidentified juvenile remains, these are particularly important metrics, as it is difficult or impossible to determine sex in prepubescent remains, and the quality of ancestry estimation is currently under debate …

Approximate Bayesian Computation In Forensic Science, Jessie H. Hendricks

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Forensic evidence is often an important factor in criminal investigations. Analyzing evidence in an objective way involves the use of statistics. However, many evidence types (i.e., glass fragments, fingerprints, shoe impressions) are very complex. This makes the use of statistical methods, such as model selection in Bayesian inference, extremely difficult.

Approximate Bayesian Computation is an algorithmic method in Bayesian analysis that can be used for model selection. It is especially useful because it can be used to assign a Bayes Factor without the need to directly evaluate the exact likelihood function - a difficult task for complex data. Several criticisms …

Bayesian Exponential Random Graph Modelling Of Interhospital Patient Referral Networks, Alberto Caimo, Francesca Pallotti, Alessandro Lomi

Articles

Using original data that we have collected on referral relations between 110 hospitals serving a large regional community, we show how recently derived Bayesian exponential random graph models may be adopted to illuminate core empirical issues in research on relational coordination among healthcare organisations. We show how a rigorous Bayesian computation approach supports a fully probabilistic analytical framework that alleviates well-known problems in the estimation of model parameters of exponential random graph models. We also show how the main structural features of interhospital patient referral networks that prior studies have described can be reproduced with accuracy by specifying the system …

An Empirical Demonstration Of The Need For Exact Tests, Vance W. Berger

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The robustness of parametric analyses is rarely questioned or qualified. Robustness, generally understood, means the exact and approximate p-values will lie on the same side of alpha for any reasonable data set; and 1) any data set would qualify as reasonable and 2) robustness holds universally, for all alpha levels and approximations. For this to be true, the approximation would need to be perfect all of the time. Any discrepancy between the approximation and the exact p-value, for any combination of alpha level and data set, would constitute a violation. Clearly, this is not true, and when confronted with this …

Teaching Size And Power Properties Of Hypothesis Tests Through Simulations, Suleyman Taspinar, Osman Dogan

Publications and Research

In this study, we review the graphical methods suggested in Davidson and MacKinnon (Davidson, Russell, and James G. MacKinnon. 1998. “Graphical Methods for Investigating the Size and Power of Hypothesis Tests.” The Manchester School 66 (1): 1–26.) that can be used to investigate size and power properties of hypothesis tests for undergraduate and graduate econometrics courses. These methods can be used to assess finite sample properties of various hypothesis tests through simulation studies. In addition, these methods can be effectively used in classrooms to reinforce students’ understanding of basic hypothesis testing concepts such as Type I error, Type II error, …

Development Of A Variogram Approach To Spatial Outlier Detection Using A Supplemental Digital Elevation Model Dataset, Zane Daniel Helwig

Masters Theses

"When developing a ground water model, the quality of the dataset should first be evaluated. Spatial outliers can lead to predictions which are not representative of actual conditions. In order to isolate misrepresentative points, a method is presented which examines the experimental variogram of a ground water elevation dataset. To define a threshold variance between pairs of ground water elevation measures, ground elevation values from a digital elevation model (DEM) are used to determine a maximum reasonable variance expected to occur on the experimental variogram. To determine appropriate DEM parameters, a separate study was also done which observed characteristic behavior …

A Multi-Method Exploration Of The Genetic And Environmental Risks Contributing To Tobacco Use Behaviors In Young Adulthood, Elizabeth K. Do

Theses and Dissertations

Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in both the United States and worldwide. Twin and family studies have demonstrated that both genetic and environmental factors are important contributors to tobacco use behaviors. Understanding how genes, the environment, and their interactions is critical to the development of public health interventions that focus on the reduction of tobacco related morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have examined the transition from adolescent to young adulthood – the time when many individuals are experimenting with and developing patterns of tobacco use. This dissertation thesis seeks to provide a comprehensive …

Economic Opportunity And Young Adult Mortality: Variations By Race/Ethnicity And Gender, Jocelyn Mineo

Honors Projects

This study examines the relationship between economic opportunity and adolescent and young adult mortality in the United States. In addition, this study explores other variables, such as social support and rurality, and their link to young adult mortality rates. First, we examined the link between economic opportunity and all-cause mortality rates for youth ages 15 to 34 in the United States. Given the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of America’s youth, we pay particular attention to race/ethnic differences. We also examine the differences in mortality by gender.

Computational Environment For Modeling And Analysing Network Traffic Behaviour Using The Divide And Recombine Framework, Ashrith Barthur

Open Access Dissertations

There are two essential goals of this research. The first goal is to design and construct a computational environment that is used for studying large and complex datasets in the cybersecurity domain. The second goal is to analyse the Spamhaus blacklist query dataset which includes uncovering the properties of blacklisted hosts and understanding the nature of blacklisted hosts over time.

The analytical environment enables deep analysis of very large and complex datasets by exploiting the divide and recombine framework. The capability to analyse data in depth enables one to go beyond just summary statistics in research. This deep analysis is …

Effectivity Of Foot Care Education Program In Improving Knowledge, Self-Efficacy And Foot Care Behavior Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Banjarbaru, Indonesia, Mahdalena Mahdalena, Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih

Kesmas

Masalah kaki diabetik di Indonesia masih merupakan masalah besar dan masih memerlukan perhatian yang optimal. Edukasi perawatan kaki adalah salah satu upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam mencegah masalah kaki untuk pasien diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas program pendidikan perawatan kaki dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, efikasi diri, dan perilaku perawatan kaki pasien diabetes di wilayah Banjarbaru. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan prepost test, dilakukan di puskesmas wilayah Banjarbaru tahun 2013. Kelompok intervensi diberikan program pendidikan perawatan kaki. Sampel berjumlah 48 pasien (32 orang kelompok intervensi dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol) menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel yang …

Lack Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Working Mothers In Indonesia, Yulia Sari

Kesmas

Keberlangsungan proses menyusui pada saat ibu kembali bekerja merupakan isu serius yang harus segera ditindaklanjuti agar program pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan dapat tercapai. Selain memberikan banyak manfaat bagi bayi, ASI juga bermanfaat bagi ibu dan pengusaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ibu bekerja terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dengan sampel berjumlah 1.193 ibu berusia 15 – 49 tahun yang memiliki bayi berusia 0-5 bulan. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, ibu bekerja dapat menurunkan peluang pemberian ASI eksklusif …

The Risk Of Pneumonia Among Toddlers In Lambatee, Aceh, Rapitos Sidiq, Ritawati Ritawati, Roma Sitio, Siti Hajar

Kesmas

Pneumonia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang sangat penting pada anak bawah lima tahun (balita), khususnya pada negara-negara berkembang. Saat ini, pneumonia merupakan salah satu kasus penyebab kematian pada anak terbesar, terutama pada periode baru lahir. Di Provinsi Aceh, penyakit pneumonia merupakan penyakit urutan ke-8 dari 25 penyakit terbesar yang ditemukan di puskesmas dengan jumlah 1.112 kasus. Sedangkan besarnya kasus pneumonia pada penderita rawat jalan di Aceh mencapai 434 kasus (29,03%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu dan balita yang berjumlah …

Motivation Variables To Use Contraceptive Among Male In Yogyakarta, Susiana Sariyati, Febrina Suci Hati, Fatimah Fatimah

Kesmas

Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan salah satu program pembangunan nasional yang sangat penting dalam rangka mewujudkan keluarga Indonesia yang sejahtera. Peran program KB sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan reproduksi seseorang, baik untuk kesehatan reproduksi perempuan maupun kesehatan reproduksi laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan motivasi laki-laki pasangan usia subur dalam menggunakan kontrasepsi di Desa Bumijo, Kecamatan Jetis, Kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan pengetahuan dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,368. Hubungan sosial budaya dengan motivasi yaitu nilai p = 0,147. Hubungan pendidikan dengan motivasi yaitu nilai …

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Among Women Aged Older Than 45 Years Old In Makassar, Masriadi Masriadi, Hasta Handayani Idrus, Arman Arman

Kesmas

Penyakit kardiovaskuler menyebabkan 8.6 juta kematian pada perempuan setiap tahun, yang merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak, yaitu sepertiga dari seluruh kematian perempuan di seluruh dunia. Setengah dari seluruh kematian perempuan berusia di atas 50 tahun disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung dan stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun di Rumah Sakit TNI AU Dody Sarjoto Makassar. Besar sampel sebanyak 76 sampel yang terdiri dari 64 kasus penyakit jantung koroner dan 12 kasus non penyakit jantung koroner. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap responden dengan menggunakan …

Basis For Development Of Business Strategic Plan Primary Health Care With Local Public Service Entity Status In Gianyar District, Putu Ayu Indrayathi, Luh Putu Sinthya Ulandari

Kesmas

Puskesmas yang berbentuk Badan Layanan Umum Daerah (BLUD) perlu membuat rencana strategi bisnis yang tepat. Penyusunan rencana strategi bisnis perlu memerhatikan pesaing yang beroperasi di sekitar wilayah kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari aspek lingkungan internal dan eksternal di Puskesmas Ubud 1 dan Tegallalang 1 serta mengembangkan model pengembangan rencana strategi bisnis di kedua puskesmas yang berstatus BLUD tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yang dilakukan pada tahun 2014. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan studi dokumentasi. Sampel penelitian ditentukan secara purposif dan diambil secara non proporsional, terdiri dari kepala dan staf Puskesmas Ubud 1 dan Tegallalalng 1. Data …

Family Planning Information, Education And Communication With Contaceptive Use, Endah Winarni, Muhammad Dawam

Kesmas

Komunikasi Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE) berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pencapaian prevalensi kesertaan Keluarga Berencana (KB). Namun, prevalensi KB di Indonesia selama satu dekade terakhir (2002-2012) tidak meningkat secara signifikan, walaupun pelbagai kegiatan KIE KB telah dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor sosio ekonomi demografi yang berkaitan dengan KIE KB, pelbagai unsur KIE yang berkaitan dengan pemakaian KB, dan unsur KIE yang berpengaruh terhadap pemakaian KB. Analisis menggunakan sumber data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012 dengan unit analisis perempuan berstatus kawin usia 15-49 tahun. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis 33.465 perempuan berstatus kawin. Analisis menggunakan odds ratio atau rasio kecenderungan …

Social Determinant Of Health Of Adults Smoking Behavior: Differences Between Urban And Rural Areas In Indonesia, Fitri Kurnia Rahim, Thunwadee Suksaroj, Isareethika Jayasvasti

Kesmas

Indonesia memiliki prevalensi perilaku merokok tertinggi di antara negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prediktor terhadap perilaku merokok antara wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Data diambil dari Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Penelitian menggunakan studi analitik potong lintang dan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Sampel berjumlah 8.305 orang dewasa Indonesia berusia ≥ 15 tahun. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perokok di wilayah pedesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan di wilayah perkotaan, masing-masing 36,8% dan 31,9%. Prediktor signifikan terhadap perilaku merokok di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan adalah usia, pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi serta aturan merokok di dalam rumah. Di wilayah perkotaan, usia …

Longitudinal Stability Of Effect Sizes In Education Research, Joshua Stephens

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Educators use meta-analyses to decide best practices. It has been suggested that effect sizes have declined over time due to various biases. This study applies an established methodological framework to educational meta-analyses and finds that effect sizes have increased from 1970–present. Potential causes for this phenomenon are discussed.

The Application Of Legendre Multiwavelet Functions In Image Compression, Elham Hashemizadeh, Sohrab Rahbar

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Legendre multiwavelets are introduced. These functions can be designed in such a way that the properties of orthogonality, polynomial approximation, and symmetry hold at the same time. In this way, they can be effectively deployed in image compression.

Fitting Flexible Parametric Regression Models With Gldreg In R, Steve Su

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This article outlines the functionality of the GLDreg package in R which fits parametric regression models using generalized lambda distributions via maximum likelihood estimation and L moment matching. The main advantage of GLDreg is the provision of robust regression lines and smooth regression quantiles beyond the capabilities of existing known methods.

Doubly Censored Data From Two-Component Mixture Of Inverse Weibull Distributions: Theory And Applications, Tabassum Sindhu, Navid Feroze, Muhammad Aslam

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Finite mixture distributions consist of a weighted sum of standard distributions and are a useful tool for reliability analysis of a heterogeneous population. They provide the necessary flexibility to model failure distributions of components with multiple failure models. The analysis of the mixture models under Bayesian framework has received sizable attention in the recent years. However, the Bayesian estimation of the mixture models under doubly censored samples has not yet been introduced in the literature. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the Bayes estimation of the inverse Weibull mixture distributions under doubly censoring. Different priors and loss …

Bayesian Analysis Of Discrete Skewed Laplace Distribution, A. Hossianzadeh, K Zare

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The discrete skewed Laplace distribution is a flexible distribution with integer domain and simple closed form that can be applied to model count data. Parameters are estimated under empirical Bayes (EB) analysis and comparison are made between the Bayesian parameter estimation and classical parameter estimation, i.e. the maximum likelihood (ML) approach. The results show that the Bayesian parameter estimations are preferable.

A Comparison Of Usual T-Test Statistic And Modified T-Test Statistics On Skewed Distribution Functions, Wooi K. Lim, Alice W. Lim

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

When the sample size n is small, the random variable T= √n(\overline{X} – μ)/S is said to follow a central t distribution with degrees of freedom (n – 1), where \overline{X} is the sample mean and S is the sample standard deviation, provided that the data X ~ N (μ, σ²). The random variable T can be used as a test statistic to hypothesize the population mean μ. Some argue that the t-test statistic is robust against the normality of the distribution and claim that the normality assumption is not necessary. In this …

Designing Of Bayesian Skip Lot Sampling Plan Under Destructive Testing, K. K. Suresh, S. Umamaheswari

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Skip-lot sampling plan serves as a cost-effective technique to manage the cost of performing frequent product inspections. As a powerful tool within a real-time quality management system, the ability to collect data which an optimize skip-lot sampling parameters affords manufacturers the luxury of lowering inspection expenses in various manufacturing units. The good quality of product can be produced in continuous improvement of production process in excellent quality history for suppliers. The procedures and necessary tables are provided for finding the respective plans for which sum of producer and consumer risks are minimized with acceptable and limiting quality levels which accounts …

Bayesian Inference For Median Of The Lognormal Distribution, K. Aruna Rao, Juliet Gratia D'Cunha

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Lognormal distribution has many applications. The past research papers concentrated on the estimation of the mean of this distribution. This paper develops credible interval for the median of the lognormal distribution. The estimated coverage probability and average length of the credible interval is compared with the confidence interval using Monte Carlo simulation.

The Br2 – Weighting Method For Estimating The Effects Of Air Pollution On Population Health, Goran Krstic, Nikolas S. Krstic, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Uncertainties, limitations and biases may impede the correct application of concentration-response linear functions to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure on population health. The reliability of a prediction depends largely on the strength of the linear correlation between the studied variables. This work proposes the joint use of the coefficient of determination, r², with the regression slope, b, as an improved measure of the strength of the linear relation between air pollution and its effects on population health. The proposed br²‑weighting method offers more reliable inferences about the potential effects of air pollution on …