Quantum Physics Commons^™

Rapidity Evolution Of Gluon Tmd From Low To Moderate X, Ian Balitsky

Physics Faculty Publications

I discuss how the rapidity evolution of gluon transverse momentum dependent distribution changes from nonlinear evolution at small x ≪ 1 to linear evolution at moderate x ~ 1.

Structure Constant Of Twist-2 Light Ray Operators In The Regge Limit, Ian Balitsky, Vladimir Kazakov, Evgeny Sobko

Physics Faculty Publications

We compute the normalized structure constant of three twist-2 operators in N =4 SYM in the leading Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) approximation at any N_c . The result is applicable to other gauge theories including QCD.

First Results Of Magnetic Field Penetration Measurements Of Multilayer Sis Structures, O. B. Malyshev, L. Gurran, R. Valizadeh, S. Pattalwar, N. Pattalwar, K. D. Dumbell, A. Gurevich

Physics Faculty Publications

The performance of superconducting RF cavities made of bulk Nb is limited by a breakdown field of B_p ≈200 mT, close to the superheating field for Nb. A potentially promising solution to enhance the breakdown field of the SRF cavities beyond the intrinsic limits of Nb is a multilayer coating suggested in [1]. In the simplest case, such a multilayer may be a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (S-I-S) coating, for example, bulk niobium (S) coated with a thin film of insulator (I) followed by a thin layer of another superconductor (S) which could be e.g. dirty niobium [2]. Here we report the …

Rapidity Factorization And Evolution Of Gluon Tmds, Ian Balitsky

Physics Faculty Publications

I discuss how the rapidity evolution of gluon transverse momentum dependent distribution changes from nonlinear evolution at small x « 1 to linear evolution at moderate x ∼ 1.

From Qcd To Physical Resonances, Daniel R. Bolton, Raúl A. Briceño, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

In this talk, we present the first chiral extrapolation of a resonant scattering amplitude obtained from lattice QCD. Finite-volume spectra, determined by the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration at m_π = 236 MeV [1], for the isotriplet ππ channel are analyzed using the Lüscher method to determine the infinite-volume scattering amplitude. Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory is then used to extrapolate the scattering amplitude to the physical light quark masses. The viability of this procedure is demonstrated by its agreement with the experimentally determined scattering phase shift up to center-of-mass energies of 1.2 GeV. Finally, we analytically continue the amplitude to …

𝜋𝜋 → 𝜋𝛾* Amplitude And The Resonant 𝜌 → 𝜋𝛾* Transition From Lattice Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, Christian J. Shultz, Christopher E. Thomas, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a determination of the P-wave 𝜋𝜋 → 𝜋𝛾⋆ transition amplitude from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Matrix elements of the vector current in a finite volume are extracted from three-point correlation functions, and from these we determine the infinite-volume amplitude using a generalization of the Lellouch-Lüscher formalism. We determine the amplitude for a range of discrete values of the 𝜋𝜋 energy and virtuality of the photon and observe the expected dynamical enhancement due to the ρ resonance. Describing the energy dependence of the amplitude, we are able to analytically continue into the complex energy plane and from the residue …

Relativistic, Model-Independent, Multichannel 2 → 2 Transition Amplitudes In A Finite Volume, Raúl A. Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen

Physics Faculty Publications

We derive formalism for determining 2+𝓙 → 2 infinite-volume transition amplitudes from finite-volume matrix elements. Specifically, we present a relativistic, model-independent relation between finite-volume matrix elements of external currents and the physically observable infinite-volume matrix elements involving two-particle asymptotic states. The result presented holds for states composed of two scalar bosons. These can be identical or nonidentical and, in the latter case, can be either degenerate or nondegenerate. We further accommodate any number of strongly coupled two-scalar channels. This formalism will, for example, allow future lattice QCD calculations of the ρ-meson form factor, in which the unstable nature of …

Relating Transverse-Momentum-Dependent And Collinear Factorization Theorems In A Generalized Formalism, J. Collins, L. Gamberg, A. Prokudin, T. C. Rogers, N. Sato, B. Wang

Physics Faculty Publications

We construct an improved implementation for combining transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization and collinear factorization. TMD factorization is suitable for low transverse momentum physics, while collinear factorization is suitable for high transverse momenta and for a cross section integrated over transverse momentum. The result is a modified version of the standard 𝑊 + 𝑌 prescription traditionally used in the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism and related approaches. We further argue that questions regarding the shape and 𝑄 dependence of the cross sections at lower 𝑄 are largely governed by the matching to the 𝑌 term.

Analyzing Major Challenges Of Wind And Solar Variability In Power Systems, Falko Ueckerdt, Robert Brecha, Gunnar Luderer

Physics Faculty Publications

Ambitious policy targets together with current and projected high growth rates indicate that future power systems will likely show substantially increased generation from renewable energy sources. A large share will come from the variable renewable energy (VRE) sources wind and solar photovoltaics (PV); however, integrating wind and solar causes challenges for existing power systems. In this paper we analyze three major integration challenges related to the structural matching of demand with the supply of wind and solar power: low capacity credit, reduced utilization of dispatchable plants, and over-produced generation. Based on residual load duration curves we define corresponding challenge variables …

Infographics And Mathematics: A Mechanism For Effective Learning In The Classroom, Ivan Sudakov, Thomas Bellsky, Svetlana Usenyuk, Victoria V. Polyakova

Physics Faculty Publications

This work discusses the creation and use of infographies in an undergraduate mathematics course. Infographies are a visualization of information combining data, formulas, and images. This article discusses how to form an infographic and uses infographics on topics within mathematics and climate as examples. It concludes with survey data from undergraduate students on both the general use of infographics and on the specific infographics designed by the authors.

Nlo Evolution Of 3-Quark Wilson Loop Operator, I. Balitsky, A. V. Grabovsky

Physics Faculty Publications

It is well known that the high-energy scattering of a meson from some hadronic target can be described by the interaction of that target with a color dipole formed by two Wilson lines corresponding to the fast quark-antiquark pair. Moreover, the energy dependence of the scattering amplitude is governed by the evolution equation of this color dipole with respect to rapidity. Similarly, the energy dependence of scattering of a baryon can be described in terms of evolution of a three-Wilson-line operator with respect to the rapidity of the Wilson lines. We calculated the evolution of the 3-quark Wilson loop operator …

Transverse Momentum Dependent (Tmd) Parton Distribution Functions: Status And Prospects, R. Angeles-Martinez, A. Bacchetta, I. I. Balitsky, D. Boer, M. Boglione, R. Boussarie, F. A. Ceccopieri, I. O. Cherednikov, P. Connor, M. G. Echevarria, G. Ferrera, J. Grados Luyando, F. Hautmann, H. Jung, T. Kasemets, K. Kutak, J. P. Lansberg, A. Lelek, G. Lykasov, J. D. Madrigal Martinez, P. J. Mulders, E. R. Nocera, E. Petreska, C. Pisano, R. Plaċakyte, V. Radescu, M. Radici, G. Schnell, I. Scimemi, A. Signori, L. Szymanowski, S. Taheri Monfared, F.F. Van Der Veken, H. J. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, A. A. Vladimirov, S. Wallon

Physics Faculty Publications

We review transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions, their application to topical issues in high-energy physics phenomenology, and their theoretical connections with QCD resummation, evolution and factorization theorems. We illustrate the use of TMDs via examples of multi-scale problems in hadronic collisions. These include transverse momentum q_T spectra of Higgs and vector bosons for low q_T, and azimuthal correlations in the production of multiple jets associated with heavy bosons at large jet masses. We discuss computational tools for TMDs, and present the application of a new tool, TMD_LIB, to parton density fits and parameterizations.

Resonant 𝜋⁺𝜸 → 𝜋⁺𝜋⁰ Amplitude From Quantum Chromodynamics, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, Christian J. Shultz, Christopher E. Thomas, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the first ab initio calculation of a radiative transition of a hadronic resonance within quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We compute the amplitude for 𝜋𝜋→𝜋𝜸^⋆, as a function of the energy of the 𝜋𝜋 pair and the virtuality of the photon, in the kinematic regime where 𝜋𝜋 couples strongly to the unstable ρ resonance. This exploratory calculation is performed using a lattice discretization of QCD with quark masses corresponding to m_π ≈ 400  MeV. We obtain a description of the energy dependence of the transition amplitude, constrained at 48 kinematic points, that we can analytically continue …

Sustainability Research Through The Lens Of Environmental Ethics, Daniel Clifford Fouke, Sukh Sidhu, Robert J. Brecha

Physics Faculty Publications

Two core courses in the curriculum of the University of Dayton’s Sustainability, Energy, and the Environment minor, Sustainability Research I and II, were developed out of the frustration one author, Daniel Fouke, experienced while teaching a traditional course on environmental ethics for the Department of Philosophy. The often-overwhelming nature of environmental problems tended to demoralize both the instructor and the students. Seeking a way to integrate ethical analysis of complex problems with the search for solutions, two courses were proposed that would be team-taught by a philosopher and a scientist or an engineer.

Development of the courses was initially funded …

Induced Polarization Of Λ1116 In Kaon Electroproduction, Clas Collaboration, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, L. El Fassi, S. Koirala, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer

Physics Faculty Publications

We have measured. the induced polarization of the Λ (1116) in the reaction ep →e′K⁺Λ , detecting the scattered e′ and K⁺ in the final state along with the proton from the decay Λ → pπ⁻ . The present study used the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), which allowed for a large kinematic acceptance in invariant energy W (1.6≤ W ≤ 2.7 GeV) and covered the full range of the kaon production angle at an average momentum transfer Q² = 1.90GeV² . In this experiment a 5.50-GeV electron beam was incident upon …

High Precision Determination Of The Q² Evolution Of The Bjorken Sum, A. Deur, Y. Prok, V. Burkert, D. Crabb, F. X. Girod, K. A. Griffioen, N. Guler, S. E. Kuhn, N. Kvaltine

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a significantly improved determination of the Bjorken sum for 0.6 ≤ Q² ≤ 4.8 GeV² using precise new g^p₁ and g^d₁ data taken with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. A higher-twist analysis of the Q² dependence of the Bjorken sum yields the twist-4 coefficient f ^p-n₂= -0.064 ± 0.009 ± ^0.032 _0.036. This leads to the color polarizabilities χ ^p-n _E= -0.032 ± 0.024 and χ^p-n_B= 0.032 ± 0.013. The strong force coupling is determined to be α ^MS_S (M²_{Z …}

Φ-Meson Photoproduction On Hydrogen In The Neutral Decay Mode, H. Seraydaryan, M. J. Amaryan, G. Gavalian, L. Weinstein, K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, R. P. Bennett, S. Bültmann, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde, S. Koirala, S. E. Kuhn, L. B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

We report the first measurement of the photoproduction cross section of the ϕ meson in its neutral decay mode in the reaction γp→pϕ(K_SK_L) . The experiment was performed with a tagged photon beam of energy 1.6 ≤ E_γ ≤ 3.6 GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target of the CLAS spectrometer at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The pϕ final state is identified via reconstruction of K_S in the invariant mass of two oppositely charged pions and by requiring the missing particle in the reaction γp→pK_SX to be K_L. …

Measurement Of The Structure Function Of The Nearly Free Neutron Using Spectator Tagging In Inelastic ²H(E,E'Pˢ) X Scattering With Clas, S. Tkachenko, S. E. Kuhn, J. Zhang, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, A. Klein, S. Koirala, M. Mayer, L. Zana, Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

Background: Much less is known about neutron structure than that of the proton due to the absence of free neutron targets. Neutron information is usually extracted from data on nuclear targets such as deuterium, requiring corrections for nuclear binding and nucleon off-shell effects. These corrections are model dependent and have significant uncertainties, especially for large values of the Bjorken scaling variable x . As a consequence, the same data can lead to different conclusions, for example, about the behavior of the d quark distribution in the proton at large x .

Purpose: The Barely Off-shell Nucleon Structure experiment at Jefferson …

Publisher’S Note: Data Analysis Techniques, Differential Cross Sections, And Spin Density Matrix Elements For The Reaction 𝛾p -> Φp (Phys. Rev. C. Vol 89, 055208, 2014), K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, C. E. Hyde, A. Klein, S. Koirala, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, I. Niculescu, J. Zhang, Et Al., The Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Data Analysis Techniques, Differential Cross Sections, And Spin Density Matrix Elements For The Reaction 𝛾p → Φp, K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, C. E. Hyde, S. Koirala, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, I. Niculescu, Et Al., The Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

High-statistics measurements of differential cross sections and spin density matrix elements for the reaction γp→ϕp have been made using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. We cover center-of-mass energies (√s) from 1.97 to 2.84 GeV, with an extensive coverage in the ϕ production angle. The high statistics of the data sample made it necessary to carefully account for the interplay between the ϕ natural lineshape and effects of the detector resolution, that are found to be comparable in magnitude. We study both the charged- (ϕ→K⁺K⁻) and neutral- (ϕ→K⁰_SK⁰_L) K^{→ …}

Nlo Bfkl And Anomalous Dimensions Of Light Ray Operators, Ian Balitsky

Physics Faculty Publications

The anomalous dimensions of light-ray operators of twist two are obtained by analytical continuation of the anomalous dimensions of corresponding local operators. I demonstrate that the asymptotics of these anomalous dimensions at the “BFKL point” j → 1 can be obtained by comparing the light-cone operator expansion with the high-energy expansion in Wilson lines

Global Fossil Energy Markets And Climate Change Mitigation: An Analysis With Remind, Nico Bauer, Ioanna Mouratiadou, Gunnar Luderer, Lavinia Baumstark, Robert J. Brecha, Ottmar Edenhofer, Elmar Kriegler

Physics Faculty Publications

We analyze the dynamics of global fossil resource markets under different assumptions for the supply of fossil fuel resources, development pathways for energy demand, and climate policy settings. Resource markets, in particular the oil market, are characterized by a large discrepancy between costs of resource extraction and commodity prices on international markets. We explain this observation in terms of (a) the intertemporal scarcity rent, (b) regional price differentials arising from trade and transport costs, (c) heterogeneity and inertia in the extraction sector. These effects are captured by the REMIND model. We use the model to explore economic effects of changes …

The Carbon Rent Economics Of Climate Policy, Matthias Kalkuhl, Robert J. Brecha

Physics Faculty Publications

By reducing the demand for fossil fuels, climate policy can reduce scarcity rents for fossil resource owners. As mitigation policies ultimately aim to limit emissions, a new scarcity for “space” in the atmosphere to deposit emissions is created. The associated scarcity rent, or climate rent (that is, for example, directly visible in permit prices under an emission trading scheme) can be higher or lower than the original fossil resource rent. In this paper, we analyze analytically and numerically the impact of mitigation targets, resource availability, backstop costs, discount rates and demand parameters on fossil resource rents and the climate rent. …

Development Without Energy? Assessing Future Scenarios Of Energy Consumption In Developing Countries, Jan Christof Steckel, Robert J. Brecha, Michael Jakob, Jessica Strefler, Gunnar Luderer

Physics Faculty Publications

We analyze the relationship between economic development and energy consumption in the context of greenhouse gas mitigation. The main contribution of this work is to compare estimates of energy thresholds in the form of minimum energy requirements to reach high levels of development with output projections of per capita final energy supply from a group of integrated assessment models (IAMs). Scenarios project that reductions of carbon emissions in developing countries will be achieved not only by means of decreasing the carbon intensity, but also by making a significant break with the historically observed relationship between energy use and economic growth. …

Semiclassical Partition Functions For Gravity With Cosmic Strings, Christopher L. Duston

Physics Faculty Publications

In this paper we describe an approach to construct semiclassical partition functions in gravity which are complete in the sense that they contain a complete description of the differentiable structures of the underlying 4-manifold. In addition, we find our construction naturally includes cosmic strings. We prove that the mass density of these strings uniquely specifies the topology of the leaves of a dimension 2 foliation, and conjecture that spacetime topology emerges as a result of the symmetry breaking of the fundamental fields. We discuss some possible applications of the partition functions in the fields of both quantum gravity and topological …

Deep Exclusive Π+ Electroproduction Off The Proton At Clas, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, R. P. Bennett, G. E. Dodge, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, C. S. Nepali, H. Seraydaryan, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The exclusive electroproduction of π ⁺ above the resonance region was studied using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Laboratory by scattering a 6GeV continuous electron beam off a hydrogen target. The large acceptance and good resolution of CLAS, together with the high luminosity, allowed us to measure the cross section for the γ ^* p → nπ ⁺ process in 140 (Q ², x _B , t) bins: 0.16 < x _B < 0.58, 1.6 GeV² < Q ² < 4.5 GeV² and 0.1 GeV² < −t < 5.3 GeV². For most bins, the statistical accuracy is on the order of a …

Demonstration Of A Novel Technique To Measure Two-Photon Exchange Effects In Elastic E±P Scattering, M. Niroula, L. B. Weinstein, D. Adikaram, J. Lanchiet, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, R. P. Bennett, C. E. Hyde, S.E. Kuhn, H. Seraydaryan

Physics Faculty Publications

Background: The discrepancy between proton electromagnetic form factors extracted using unpolarized and polarized scattering data is believed to be a consequence of two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. However, the calculations of TPE corrections have significant model dependence, and there is limited direct experimental evidence for such corrections.

Purpose: The TPE contributions depend on the sign of the lepton charge in e±p scattering, but the luminosities of secondary positron beams limited past measurement at large scattering angles, where the TPE effects are believe to be most significant. We present the results of a new experimental technique for making direct e±p comparisons, which …

Transverse Polarization Of Σ+ (1189) In Photoproduction On A Hydrogen Target In Clas, Clas Collaboration, C. S. Nepali, M. Amaryan, K. P. Adhikari, H. Baghdasaryan, S. Bültmann, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde, A. Klein, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, H. Seraydaryan, B. Torayev, L. B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

Experimental results on the Σ⁺(1189) hyperon transverse polarization in photoproduction on a hydrogen target using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory are presented. The Σ⁺(1189) was reconstructed in the exclusive reaction γ+p→K⁰_S+Σ+(1189) via the Σ+→pπ⁰ decay mode. The K⁰_S was reconstructed in the invariant mass of two oppositely charged pions with the π⁰ identified in the missing mass of the detected pπ⁺π⁻ final state. Experimental data were collected in the photon energy range Eγ=1.0 –3.5 GeV (√s range 1.66–2.73 GeV). We observe a large negative polarization …

Rapidity Evolution Of Wilson Lines At The Next-To-Leading Order, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

At high energies, particles move very fast, so the proper degrees of freedom for the fast gluons moving along the straight lines are Wilson-line operators—infinite gauge factors ordered along the line. In the framework of operator expansion in Wilson lines, the energy dependence of the amplitudes is determined by the rapidity evolution of Wilson lines. We present the next-to-leading order hierarchy of the evolution equations for Wilson-line operators.

Photon Impact Factor And 𝑘T Factorization For Dis In The Next-To-Leading Order, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

The photon impact factor for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov pomeron is calculated in the next-to-leading order approximation using the operator expansion in Wilson lines. The result is represented as a next-to-leading order 𝑘_T-factorization formula for the structure functions of small-𝓍 deep inelastic scattering.