Optics Commons^™

Histogram Of Oriented Phase (Hop): A New Descriptor Based On Phase Congruency, Hussin Ragb, Vijayan K. Asari

Vijayan K. Asari

In this paper we present a low level image descriptor called Histogram of Oriented Phase based on phase congruency concept and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Since the phase of the signal conveys more information regarding signal structure than the magnitude, the proposed descriptor can precisely identify and localize image features over the gradient based techniques, especially in the regions affected by illumination changes. The proposed features can be formed by extracting the phase congruency information for each pixel in the image with respect to its neighborhood. Histograms of the phase congruency values of the local regions in the image …

A Robust Fringe-Adjusted Joint Transform Correlator For Efficient Object Detection, Paheding Sidike, Vijayan K. Asari, Mohammad S. Alam

Vijayan K. Asari

The fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (FJTC) technique has been widely used for real-time optical pattern recognition applications. However, the classical FJTC technique suffers from target distortions due to noise, scale, rotation and illumination variations of the targets in input scenes. Several improvements of the FJTC have been proposed in the literature to accommodate these problems. Some popular techniques such as synthetic discriminant function (SDF) based FJTC was designed to alleviate the problems of scale and rotation variations of the target, whereas wavelet based FJTC has been found to yield better performance for noisy targets in the input scenes. While these …

Complementary Weak-Value Amplification With Concatenated Postselections, Gerardo I. Viza, Julián Martínez-Rincón, Wei-Tao Liu, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We measure a transverse momentum kick in a Sagnac interferometer using weak-value amplification with two postselections. The first postselection is controlled by a polarization-dependent phase mismatch between both paths of the interferometer, and the second postselection is controlled by a polarizer at the exit port. By monitoring the dark port of the interferometer, we study the complementary amplification of the concatenated postselections, where the polarization extinction ratio is greater than the contrast of the spatial interference. In this case, we find an improvement in the amplification of the signal of interest by introducing a second postselection to the system.

An Antireflective Tco Film For Czts Solar Cells, Feng Zhan

The 8th International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing

No abstract provided.

Negative Index In Chiral Metamaterials Under Conductive Loss And First-Order Material Dispersion Using Lorentzian, Condon And Drude Models, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Tarig A. Algadey

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Emergence of negative index (NIM) in chiral materials with conductive loss using standard dispersive models is reported. Positive and negative phase and group indices are realized as expected for NIM behavior for sidebands with opposite polarities.

Nonlinear Dynamics, Bifurcation Maps, Signal Encryption And Decryption Using Acousto-Optic Chaos Under A Variable Aperture Illumination, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Suman Chaparala

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Bragg cell nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation properties under first-order feedback with variable aperture are examined. Chaotic encryption and recovery of low-bandwidth signals, and optimal performance are evaluated for fixed and variable apertures.

Anisoplanatic Electromagnetic Image Propagation Through Narrow Or Extended Phase Turbulence Using Altitude-Dependent Structure Parameter, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Ali Mohamed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The effects of turbulence on anisoplanatic imaging are often modeled through the use of a sequence of phase screens distributed along the optical path. We implement the split-step wave algorithm to examine turbulence-corrupted images.

Examination Of The Nonlinear Dynamics And Possible Chaos Encryption In A Zeroth-Order Acousto-Optic Bragg Modulator With Feedback, Fares S. Almehmadi, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Zeroth-order chaos modulation in a Bragg cell is examined such that tracking problems due to spatial deflections of the first-order AO beam at the receiver may be avoided by switching to the undeviated zeroth-order beam.

Photonic Crystals With Alternate Arrays Of Rods And Holes In A Low Dielectric-Index Material, Dimitar L. Dimitrov

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis theoretically deals with the propagation of electromagnetic waves (light beams) in periodically modulated dielectric material structures based on Maxwell’s equations. We are interested in novel light propagation characteristics in these man-made dielectric material structures for practical applications, especially on optical communications and computations. Since the wavelength range of light is on the same order of magnitude as the modulation periods of dielectric materials, an analogy of the light propagation in dielectric-constant modulated structures with the electron transport in solid-state crystals is used throughout my thesis by using a term “photonic crystals (PhCs)” referring to these dielectric structures. I …

Transmission Of Focused Picosecond Light Pulse Through Multimode Fibers, Yin Cen

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis focuses on a technique of delivering spatially focused and temporally compressed picosecond laser pulses through multimode fibers. This study was inspired by recent success in focusing light through optically diffusive media of which multimode fibers were a special case in terms of causing scrambled phase distribution in the transmitted light. The approach involved controlling the phase distribution of incoming beam using a deformable mirror prior to its entry into the multimode fiber in order to achieve constructive interference at selected spots in the output. With phase control, the intensity of the focused light at the output can be …

Control Of Spontanous Emission From Quantum Emitters Using Hyperbolic Metamaterial Substrates, Tal Galfsky

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) are so named for possessing a hyperboloid-shaped dispersion which gives rise to a large photonic density of states. Quantum emitters placed inside or in the near-field of a HMM have been shown to exhibit strong enhancement of spontaneous emission due to the increase in available states. This thesis focuses on enhancing spontaneous emission of quantum emitters in optical frequencies by utilizing multilayered metal/dielectric composites that form these highly anisotropic metamaterials. In conjunction with the enhanced decay rate we experimentally demonstrate two methods for shaping and directing radiation trapped in the HMM into free space by employing a …

Optical Theory Improvements To Space Domain Awareness, Tyler J. Hardy

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on increasing the ability to detect space objects and increase Space Domain Awareness (SDA) with space surveillance sensors through image processing and optical theory. SDA observations are collected through ground-based radar and optical systems as well as space based assets. This research focuses on a ground-based optical telescope system, the Space Surveillance Telescope (SST). By increasing the number of detectable Resident Space Objects (RSOs) through image processing, SDA capabilities can be expanded. This is accomplished through addressing two main degrading factors present in typical SDA sensors; spatial undersampling in the collected data and noise models and assumptions …

Position-Sensitive Detection Of Ultracold Neutrons With An Imaging Camera And Its Implications To Spectroscopy, Wanchun Wei, Leah J. Broussard, Mark A. Hoffbauer, Mark Makela, Charles L. Morris, Zebo Tang, Evan R. Adamek, Nathan B. Callahan, Stephen M. Clayton, Chris Cude-Woods, Scott Currie, Eric B. Dees, Xinjian Ding, Peter Geltenbort, Kevin P. Hickerson, Anthony T. Holley, Takeyasu M. Ito, Kent K. Leung, Chenyu Y. Liu, Deborah J. Morley, Jose D. Ortiz, Robert W. Pattie, John C. Ramsey, Alexander Saunders, Susan J. Seestrom, Eduard I. Sharapov, S. K. Sjue, Judith Wexler, Tanner L. Womack, Albert R. Young, B. A. Zeck, Zhehui Wang

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

Prioritizing Investment In Residential Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy: A Case Study For The U.S. Midwest, Robert J. Brecha, Austin Mitchell, Kevin P. Hallinan, J. Kelly Kissock

J. Kissock

Residential building energy use is an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and in the United States represents about 20% of total energy consumption. A number of previous macro-scale studies of residential energy consumption and energy-efficiency improvements are mainly concerned with national or international aggregate potential savings. In this paper we look into the details of how a collection of specific homes in one region might reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, with particular attention given to some practical limits to what can be achieved by upgrading the existing residential building stock. Using a simple model of residential, single-family home …

Optimization-Free Optical Focal Field Engineering Through Reversing The Radiation Pattern From A Uniform Line Source, Yanzhong Yu, Qiwen Zhan

Qiwen Zhan

A simple and flexible method is presented for the generation of optical focal field with prescribed characteristics. By reversing the field pattern radiated from a uniform line source, for which the electric current is constant along its extent, situated at the focus of a 4Pi focusing system formed by two confocal high-NA objective lenses, the required illumination distribution at the pupil plane for creating optical focal field with desired properties can be obtained. Numerical example shows that an arbitrary length optical needle with extremely high longitudinal polarization purity and consistent transverse size of ~0.36λ over the entire depth of focus …

Tailoring Optical Complex Fields With Nano-Metallic Surfaces, Guanghao Rui, Qiwen Zhan

Qiwen Zhan

Recently there is an increasing interest in complex optical fields with spatially inhomogeneous state of polarizations and optical singularities. Novel effects and phenomena have been predicted and observed for light beams with these unconventional states. Nanostructured metallic thin film offers unique opportunities to generate, manipulate and detect these novel fields. Strong interactions between nano-metallic surfaces and complex optical fields enable the development of highly compact and versatile functional devices and systems. In this review, we first briefly summarize the recent developments in complex optical fields. Various nano-metallic surface designs that can produce and manipulate complex optical fields with tailored characteristics …

Creation Of Identical Multiple Focal Spots With Prescribed Axial Distribution, Yanzhong Yu, Qiwen Zhan

Qiwen Zhan

We present a scheme for the construction of coaxially equidistant multiple focal spots with identical intensity profiles for each individual focus and a predetermined number and spacing. To achieve this, the radiation field from an antenna is reversed and then gathered by high numerical aperture objective lenses. Radiation patterns from three types of line sources, i.e., the electric current, magnetic current and electromagnetic current distributions, with cosine-squared taper are respectively employed to generate predominately longitudinally polarized bright spots, azimuthally polarized doughnuts, and focal spots with a perfect spherically symmetric intensity distribution. The required illuminations at the pupil plane of a …

Creation Of Carbon Nanotube Based Biosensors Through Dielectrophoretic Assembly, Nilan S. Mani, Steve Kim, Kaushik Annam, Danielle Bane, Guru Subramanyam

Guru Subramanyam

Due to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, nanosized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted significant attention as a transducing element in nano-bio sensor research. Controlled assembly, device fabrication, and bio-functionalization of the SWNTs are crucial in creating the sensors. In this study, working biosensor platforms were created using dielectrophoretic assembly of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a bridge between two gold electrodes. SWNTs in a commercial SDS surfactant solution were dispensed in the gap between the two gold electrodes, followed by applying an ac voltage across the two electrodes. The dielectrophoresis aligns the CNTs and forms …

Dna Based Electrolyte/Separator For Lithium Battery Application, Jitendra Kumar, Fahima Ouchen-Bouchendouka, Devin A. Smarra, Guru Subramanyam, James Grote

Guru Subramanyam

In this study, we demonstrated the use of DNA-CTMA (DC) in combination with PolyVinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) as a host matrix or separator for Lithium based electrolyte to form solid polymer/gel like electrolyte for potential application in Li-ion batteries.

The addition of DC provided a better thermal stability of the composite electrolyte as shown by the thermos-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The AC conductivity measurements suggest that the addition of DC to the gel electrolyte had no effect on the overall ionic conductivity of the composite. The obtained films are flexible with high mechanical stretch-ability as compared to the gel type electrolytes only.

Digital Image Processing, Russell C. Hardie, Majeed M. Hayat

Russell C. Hardie

In recent years, digital images and digital image processing have become part of everyday life. This growth has been primarily fueled by advances in digital computers and the advent and growth of the Internet. Furthermore, commercially available digital cameras, scanners, and other equipment for acquiring, storing, and displaying digital imagery have become very inexpensive and increasingly powerful. An excellent treatment of digital images and digital image processing can be found in Ref. [1]. A digital image is simply a two-dimensional array of finite-precision numerical values called picture elements (or pixels). Thus a digital image is a spatially discrete (or discrete-space) …

Segmentation Of Pulmonary Nodules In Computed Tomography Using A Regression Neural Network Approach And Its Application To The Lung Image Database Consortium And Image Database Resource Initiative Dataset, Temesguen Messay, Russell C. Hardie, Timothy R. Tuinstra

Russell C. Hardie

We present new pulmonary nodule segmentation algorithms for computed tomography (CT). These include a fully-automated (FA) system, a semi-automated (SA) system, and a hybrid system. Like most traditional systems, the new FA system requires only a single user-supplied cue point. On the other hand, the SA system represents a new algorithm class requiring 8 user-supplied control points. This does increase the burden on the user, but we show that the resulting system is highly robust and can handle a variety of challenging cases. The proposed hybrid system starts with the FA system.

If improved segmentation results are needed, the SA …

Parametric Design, Modeling, And Optical Evaluation Of Retroreflective Prismatic Structures, Sama Hussein

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Retroreflectors (RR) are defined as passive optical structures that redirect incident light to its originating source. Specific types of retroreflectors called inverted cubes (ICs) function through total internal reflection (TIR) and are used in various applications such as measurement tools, traffic signs and automotive rear and side lighting. This thesis aims to model, analyze, fabricate and study a novel type of IC retroreflectors called right triangular prism (RTP). A parametric approach is used to model existing IC geometries from a generic unit cube and is then implemented to model the novel RTP geometry. Those elements are then tested by optical …

Translation Of 'Profiles In Faith', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Monish R. Chatterjee

Sarat Chandra Chatterjee (1876-1938) may be considered one of the three most significant figures of the literary component of the Bengal Renaissance, the other two being Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1838-1894) and Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). As much as Bankim Chandra is identified with the new age in the Bengali novel, and the development of serious vernacular journalism, and Rabindranath with modern/classical movements in Bengali poetry and music, along with novel ideas in methods of education and teaching, Sarat Chandra, as a novelist and storyteller, perfected the art of narration and critical analyses of a variety of contemporaneous social and political issues, …

Translation Of 'Seasons Of Life: A Panoramic Selection Of Songs By Rabindranath Tagore', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Monish R. Chatterjee

No abstract provided.

Translation Of 'Balika Badhu: A Selected Anthology Of Bengali Short Stories', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Monish R. Chatterjee

This project, which began with the desire to render into English a rather long tale by Bimal Kar about five years ago, eventually grew into a considerably more extended compilation of Bengali short stories by 10 of the most well-known practitioners of that art since the heyday of Rabindranath Tagore. The collection is limited in many ways, not the least of which being that no woman writer has been included, and that it contains only a baker's dozen stories (if we count Bonophool's micro-stories collectively as one ) — a number pitifully small considering the vast and prolific field of …

Translation Of 'Kamalakanta: A Collection Of Satirical Essays And Reflections', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Monish R. Chatterjee

This venture was born initially out of the desire to make those works of Bengali literature which have moved me profoundly, and which I consider first-rate by any yardstick, available to friends and fellow enthusiasts who cannot read the original. In attempting to channel literary and philosophical masterpieces into a different medium, I Have experienced firsthand the formidable challenge that a translator must face because not only of the barrier imposed by the languages involved, but perhaps more so because .of his or her own severely inadequate faculty being called upon to match both the genius and the inspiration of …

Infrared Skin Damage Thresholds From 1319-Nm Continous-Wave Laser Exposures, Gavin D. Buffington, Clifton D. Clark

Gavin Buffington

A series of experiments were conducted in vivo using Yucatan miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1319-nm continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Experiments employed exposure durations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 10 s and beam diameters of ∼0.6 and 1 cm. Thermal imagery data provided a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. A damage endpoint of fifty percent probability of a minimally visible effect was used to determine threshold for damage at 1 and 24 h postexposure. Predicted thermal response and damage thresholds are compared with a numerical model of opticalthermal interaction. …

Infrared Skin Damage Thresholds From 1319-Nm Continous-Wave Laser Exposures, Gavin D. Buffington, Clifton D. Clark

Clifton D. Clark

A series of experiments were conducted in vivo using Yucatan miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1319-nm continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Experiments employed exposure durations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 10 s and beam diameters of ∼0.6 and 1 cm. Thermal imagery data provided a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. A damage endpoint of fifty percent probability of a minimally visible effect was used to determine threshold for damage at 1 and 24 h postexposure. Predicted thermal response and damage thresholds are compared with a numerical model of opticalthermal interaction. …

Quantum Enigma Machine: Experimentally Demonstrating Quantum Data Locking, Daniel J. Lum, John C. Howell, M. S. Allman, Thomas Gerrits, Varun B. Verma, Sae Woo Nam, Cosmo Lupo, Seth Lloyd

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Shannon proved in 1949 that information-theoretic-secure encryption is possible if the encryption key is used only once, is random, and is at least as long as the message itself. Notwithstanding, when information is encoded in a quantum system, the phenomenon of quantum data locking allows one to encrypt a message with a shorter key and still provide information-theoretic security. We present one of the first feasible experimental demonstrations of quantum data locking for direct communication and propose a scheme for a quantum enigma machine that encrypts 6 bits per photon (containing messages, new encryption keys, and forward error correction bits) …

Phase Gradient Algorithm Method For 3-D Holographic Ladar Imaging, Jason W. Stafford, Bradley D. Duncan, David J. Rabb

Bradley D. Duncan

3-D holographic ladar uses digital holography with frequency diversity to add the ability to resolve targets in range. A key challenge is that since individual frequency samples are not recorded simultaneously, differential phase aberrations may exist between them making it difficult to achieve range compression. We describe steps specific to this modality so that phase gradient algorithms (PGA) can be applied to 3-D holographic ladar data for phase corrections across multiple temporal frequency samples. Substantial improvement of range compression is demonstrated with a laboratory experiment where our modified PGA technique is applied. Additionally, the PGA estimator is demonstrated to be …