Engineering Physics Commons^™

Investigation Of Energy Modelling Methods Of Multiple Fidelities: A Case Study, Naveen Kumar Muthumanickam, Vaclav Hasik, Mehmet Unal, Simon W. Miller, Tina Unwalla, Melissa M. Bilec, Lisa D. Iulo

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Building energy modelling has become an integral part of building design due to energy consumption concerns in sustainable buildings. As such, energy modelling methods have evolved to the point of including higher-order physics, complex interconnected components and sub-systems. Despite advances in computer capacity, the cost of generating and running complex energy simulations makes it impractical to rely exclusively on such higher fidelity energy modelling for exploring a large set of design alternatives. This challenge of exploring a large set of alternatives efficiently might be overcome by using surrogate models to generalize across the large design space from an evaluation of …

Pareto Optimality Analysis For Evaluating The Tradeoff Between Visual Comfort And Energy Efficiency, Maryam Hamidpour, Vincent Blouin

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Architectural designs are increasingly driven by both sustainability and health, which requires evaluating the tradeoff between visual comfort and energy consumption. Lack of daylight leads to poor visual comfort and health issues but reduces heat gains, while excessive daylight may lead to over-illumination, glare, and high heat gains. Identifying the tradeoff between multiple criteria is an intricate process that requires skill and experience, especially when dealing with complex phenomena such as visual comfort. In order to facilitate this process, this paper provides two contributions: (1) the description of a new single-valued visual comfort measure, and (2) the application of the …

Passive Survivability In Residential Buildings During Heat Waves Under Dynamic Exterior Conditions, Timothy Aduralere, Jacqueline Isaacs, David Fannon

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The increased frequency of heat waves around the world has prompted numerous studies to improve building resilience and maintain thermal comfort in the face of extreme conditions. However, previous studies rely on the assumption of steady-state conditions, including external temperature, which limits real-world applicability, demanding a more practical perspective. This paper presents the use of recorded heat wave temperatures for a specified location to simulate the effect of extreme temperatures on the interior temperature of buildings when air conditioning is not used. The objective of this study is to determine how a building becomes uninhabitable during extreme heat and to …

Optimal Passive Design Strategies For Nearly Zero-Energy Dwellings In Different Chilean Climates Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms, Daniela Besser, Frank U. Vogdt

International Building Physics Conference 2018

At present, most developed countries attempt to highly diminish the energy consumption of buildings towards nearly zero-energy performances. This study assesses passive design strategies by means of multi-objective optimizations with genetic algorithms, aiming to minimize the heating and cooling demand of typical single-family dwellings in Chile. The results show that the thermal transmittance and airtightness of the whole building envelope should be highly improved from the current limiting values in all assessed locations. Complementarily, strategies for managing overheating would be crucial for avoiding to shift the heating demand into cooling. With this regard, the use of thermal mass, natural ventilation …

Ieq Measurement And Assessment Tools For Plug-And-Play Deep Renovation In Buildings, Marco Arnesano, Gian Marco Revel, Rizal Sebastian, Anna Gralka, Carlo Macciò, Eva Raggi, Michele Mililli

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper presents the approach developed for the monitoring and assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in the whole deep renovation process aimed at reducing energy consumptions and improving comfort. The research was performed by the P2Endure project, that aims to provide scalable, adaptable and ready-to-implement prefabricated Plug-and-Play systems for deep renovation of building envelopes and technical systems. The idea is to use IEQ as one of the design criteria supporting the decision-making process, included into the holistic renovation process developed by P2Endure and called “4M: Mapping-Modelling- Making-Monitoring”. For this reason, a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) was selected, …

Offsetting Peak Residential Cooling Loads Using A Medium Temperature Chiller And Sensible Cold Thermal Storage, Christopher Baldwin, Cynthia A. Cruickshank

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Space cooling places a significant peak load on the electrical grid during hot, sunny afternoons. With the introduction of time-of-use billing, space cooling during these periods has become very expensive. To reduce utility costs and shift peak loads, the use of a medium temperature chiller coupled with a sensible cold thermal storage system was investigated. Optimal configurations were found for seven cities located within each of the seven ASHRAE climate zones and an analysis on the energy consumption and annual utility costs are presented. It was found that in all locations, peak loads from air-conditioning could be reduced or eliminated, …

Sequential Monte Carlo For On-Line Estimation Of The Heat Loss Coefficient, Simon Rouchier, Maria José Jiménez, Sergio CastañO

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The calibration of building energy models based on in-situ sensor information is generally performed after the measurement period, using all data in a single batch. Alternatively, on-line parameter estimation proposes updating a model every time a new data point is available: this allows observing a direct relation between external events and the identifiability of parameters. The present study uses the Sequential Monte Carlo method to train a RC model, and thus estimate a Heat Loss Coefficient, and other parameters, sequentially. Results show the direct impact of solicitations (solar irradiance and indoor heat input) on this estimation, in real time. The …

Implementation Of Integrated Wireless Sensors Technology In Renovation Of Social Housing Buildings. A Danish Case Study., Hagar Elarga, Danai Alifragki, Carsten Rode

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Social housing units built in the 1960s and 1970s make up one-fifth of all housing units in Denmark. Their renovation is an important step towards meeting the goals of the national energy road map. Sensors based on wireless technology could be considered a feasible solution to increase occupant’s awareness towards their indoor climate and their energy consumption. In the present experimental study, a framework implementing wireless sensors to monitor energy and indoor climate before and after renovation has been applied in two apartments of a Danish social housing site. In the first phase of the study, the accuracy of some …

Computer Tomography As A Data Acquisition Tool For Quantifying And Modeling In-Pore Gypsum Crystallization In Building Materials, Steven Claes, Jelena Todorovic, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the last few decades a new type of persistent efflorescence has started appearing on ceramic brick facades in the UK, the Netherlands and in Belgium. Since the problem undermines the aesthetic appearance of masonry buildings, it results in a growing number of complaints from building owners. In the laboratory, gypsum efflorescence is typically studied via wicking tests. However, these often yield gypsum subflorescence instead, leading to significant pore clogging just below the evaporation surface. To gain further insight in that subflorescence and pore clogging, a correct quantification of the amount and the distribution of the gypsum crystalised in the …

Predicting The Thermal Conductivity Of Porous Building Materials With Nanopores Or Reduced Gas Pressures, Wouter Van De Walle, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

Rational Selection Of Experimental Readouts For Hygric Material Characterisation, Evy Vereecken, Hans Janssen, Staf Roels

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

Rain-Tightness Of Door Sill Sealing, Lars Gullbrekken, Steinar Grynning

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The harsh Norwegian climate requires buildings designed according to high standards. The airtightness of the building envelope is crucial to attain an energy efficient building and to avoid moisture problems. A considerable part of building defects registered in the SINTEF Building defects archive are related to leakages through door sills especially in combination with balconies. The aim of the study has been to examine the rain tightness of the joint below door sills. A laboratory investigation using a driving rain cabined according to EN 1027 has been conducted to provide answers to the matter. In total 14 different test were …

Prosumer Cluster Of Single-Family Houses Under The Danish Net Metering Policy, Marijana Larma, Rongling Li, Carsten Rode

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the energy sector, prosumers are typically houses with rooftop PV. With the drastically falling prices of PV panels, the number of installations is rising. Prosumers can have negative impacts, on power grids especially in the distribution grid. In order to mitigate this effect, and for the own benefit of the prosumers, they can function as groups sharing their resources. A literature overview is given focusing on studies that deal with this issue from the prosumer perspective, showing that many optimization studies focus on maximizing economical benefits and others on self-consumption or related indicators by means of energy management strategies …

Description Method Of Outdoor Climate Characteristics Considering The Comprehensive Effect On Indoor Climate, Xinying Fan, Meiling Sun, Tongke Zhao

International Building Physics Conference 2018

What human and buildings perceived the environmental information is comprehensive information. However, existing indoor environment design methods are often simplified to single parameters for indoor and outdoor environmental prediction and indoor environment design. In order to describe the indoor climate characteristics of the comprehensive impact of outdoor climate, this study uses the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to establish a multi-parameter integrated outdoor comprehensive environmental information description method based on the information-response theory. The outdoor climate feature description method is applied to the analysis of the amplitude and frequency characteristics of outdoor comprehensive information, which provides a research basis …

Impact Of Indoor Temperature And Co2 Levels On Occupant Thermal Perception And Cognitive Performance Of Adult Female Students In Saudi Arabia, Riham Jaber Ahmed, Dejan Mumovic, Marcella Ucci

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Due to hot arid climate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, occupants rely on air conditioning (AC) to provide both ventilation requirements and thermal comfort. It is believed that this total reliance on AC have also a significant effect on thermal sensation as well as cognitive performance of building occupants. Using a multi-variable multilevel statistical analysis, the effects of classroom temperature and CO2 levels on cognitive performance were estimated. Eight neurobehavioral cognitive tests were used to evaluate cognitive performance of 499 female students (16-20 years old). In addition, thermal sensation votes were collected. All participants were exposed to nine different environmental conditions, …

Thermal And Mycological Active Protection Of Historic Buildings On The Example Of The Baroque Residence Of Polish Kings In Wilanów, Robert Wójcik, Piotr Kosiński

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Protection of the external partitions of historic buildings is a broad topic due to the limited possibilities of interfering with the structure. Restoration restrictions on prevention in the mycological protection of historic buildings are so large that, from the broad list of possible protective measures, practically only the heating of the nodes and the control of air parameters are practically safe. The reason for restrictions is the lack of possibility of introducing architectural changes and the limited possibility of interfering into the structure of external partitions. A fast method that uses fluorescence was used for quantitative assessment of the mycelium …

The Co-Heating Test As A Means To Evaluate The Efficiency Of Thermal Retrofit Measures Applied On Residential Buildings, Evi Lambie, Marieline Senave, Dirk Saelens

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In order to reduce the energy use of residential buildings, regional governments in Belgium established, amongst others, mandatory criteria for the energy performance to be achieved after retrofitting. However, due to construction deficiencies, deviating boundary conditions, and nonmodeled physical phenomena and interactions, the actual energy performance may differ significantly from theoretical design value. Several studies indicate this as the performance gap. This paper focuses on analyzing the actual impact of the refurbishment measures applied to a single-family home in Belgium. Hereto, in-situ measurements assessing the building envelope’s thermal performance, described by the overall heat loss coefficient HLC [W/K], are performed …

Do Interface Resistances Matter In Historic Masonries? -Analysis Based On Xray Tomography And Heat, Air And Moisture Modelling, Klaas Calle, Nathan Van Den Bossche

International Building Physics Conference 2018

For hygrothermal simulations it is often advised to homogenize masonry wall constructions into a 1D solid brick construction. This saves computational time, but it may lead to an underestimation of moisture related risks. Some literature states that the impact of mortar is negligible, but no specific attention was paid to historic masonries, which often have high absorptive mortars (e.g. lime) and/or bricks. Hence, this study investigates the impact of the interface resistance between brick and mortar, in relation to the properties of the adjacent materials during absorption as well as under real climate conditions. As expected the impact of interface …

A Method For An Effective Microclimate Management In Historical Buildings Combining Monitoring And Dynamic Simulation: The Case Of “Museo Archeologico Di Priverno”, Francesca Frasca, Cristina Cornaro, Anna Maria Siani

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In this work a method is proposed to estimate the effect of indoor microclimate on the risk of degradation of ancient materials stored in historical buildings. The method, which combines microclimate observations and dynamic simulation, has shown to be strategic in preventive conservation of historical buildings. Indeed, once the building model is calibrated, it can be effectively used for evaluating the microclimate control solutions on the conservation reducing general degradation risks. The method has been applied to a historical building close to Rome, where deteriorations in ceilings occurred and visitors complain about thermal discomfort. First, the HVAC system in the …

A Resilient Refurbishment Project For An Italian Large Sports Hall, Renata Morbiducci, Andrea Morini, Alberto Messico, Clara Vite

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In Europe the management costs and lack of flexibility of the sports halls, built in the second half of the ‘900, brought to the progressive abandonment of many structures. In this context the environmental, social and economic sustainable aspects of a refurbishment project of an Italian large sports hall, named “Palasport”, are presented. It was designed by a group of architects and engineers and completed in 1962. It is located in the expo area of Genoa, a north Italian city, called “Fiera del Mare” and it plays a strategic role in the social community. In the past it hosted several …

Characterisation Of The Flexibility Potential From Space Heating In French Residential Buildings, Jérôme Le Dréau, Johann Meulemans

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Demand response (DR) at the building level (also named energy flexibility) will play an important role in facilitating energy systems based mostly or entirely on renewable energy sources. Flexibility is thus deemed necessary to control the energy consumption to match the actual energy generation from various renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. However, there is lack of comprehensive knowledge about how much energy flexibility different building types and their usage may be able to offer to the present or future energy systems. In this study, the flexibility potential of space heating is characterised among the building stock …

Multiphysics Modeling Of Materials, Assemblies, Buildings And Cities, Jan Carmeliet, Jonas Allegrini, Aytac Kubilay, Dominique Derome

International Building Physics Conference 2018

There is growing evidence that heat waves are becoming more frequent under increased greenhouse forcing, associated with higher daytime temperatures and reduced night-time cooling, which might exceed the limits of thermoregulation of the human body and affect dramatically human health. Especially urban areas are affected, since these regions in addition experience an urban heat island (UHI) effect characterized by higher air temperatures compared to the surrounding rural environment. A necessary breakthrough is a shift away from a fragmented approach towards an integrated multiscale urban climate analysis. This type of research is a rather new domain of research and might be …

Keynotes - All, Richard De Dear, Fan Zhang, Patricia J. Culligan, Robert A. W., Christine S. Carleton, Vivian Loftness, Azizan Aziz, Volker Hartkopf, Khee Poh Lam, Bertrand Lasternas, Jan Carmeliet, Jonas Allegrini, Aytac Kubilay, Dominique Derome, Yuguo Li

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

Author Index

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

Ps Poster Session - All

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This document includes all poster sessions at the IBPC 2018.

Table Of Contents

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

Large T1 Contrast Enhancement Using Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles In Ultra-Low Field Mri, Xiaolu Yin, Stephen E. Russek, Gary Zabow, Fan Sun, Jeotikatan Mohapatra, Kathryn E. Keenan, Michael A. Boss, Hao Zeng, J. Ping Liu, Alexandrea Viert, Sy-Hwang Liou, John Moreland

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely investigated and utilized as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and therapy agents due to their large magnetic moments. Local field inhomogeneities caused by these high magnetic moments are used to generate T₂ contrast in clinical high-field MRI, resulting in signal loss (darker contrast). Here we present strong T1 contrast enhancement (brighter contrast) from SPIONs (diameters from 11 nm to 22 nm) as observed in the ultra-low field (ULF) MRI at 0.13 mT. We have achieved a high longitudinal relaxivity for 18 nm SPION solutions, r1 = 615 s−1 mM−1, which is two …

Ultra-Low Temperature Properties Of Correlated Materials, Seyed Mohammad Ali Radmanesh

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

After the discovery of topological insulators (TIs), it has come to be widely recognized that topological states of matter can actually be widespread. In this sense, TIs have established a new paradigm about topological materials. Recent years have seen a surge of interest in topological semimetals, which embody two different ways of generalizing the effectively massless electrons to bulk materials. Dirac and, particularly, Weyl semimetals should support several transport and optical phenomena that are still being sought in experiments. A number of promising experimental results indicate superconductivity in members of half-Hesuler semimetals which realize the mixing singlet and triplet …

Steady-State Method To Measure The In-Plane Thermal Conductivity Of Thin Sheet Materials, Evgeny Pakhomenko, Andrew James Wildridge, Abraham Mathew Koshy, Souvik Das, Andreas Jung

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

A new generation of silicon pixel detectors is required to cope with the unprecedented luminosities at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) in 2025. The HL-LHC provides a high radiation, high interaction rate environment for the innermost detector region of the CMS detector. This can lead to an uncontrolled increase in temperature of the detector that can destroy the silicon pixels. Moreover, too high operating temperature can add noise to the data obtained from the detector and can slow the read out cheap down. Therefore, the Phase II upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment requires …

Impacts Of Anisotropy, Wave Heating, And Neutral Winds On High-Latitude Ionospheric Dynamics, Meghan R. Burleigh

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Significant amounts of ionospheric plasma can be transported to high altitudes (ion upflow) in response to a variety of plasma heating and uplifting processes such as DC electric fields and precipitation. Once ions have been lifted to high altitudes, transverse ion acceleration by broadband ELF waves can give the upflowing ions sufficient energy for the mirror force to propel these ions to escape into the magnetosphere (ion outflow). In order to accurately examine the connection between upflow and outflow processes, a new two dimensional, anisotropic fluid model is developed.

The new model, named GEMINI-TIA, is based on a Bi-Maxwellian distribution …