Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory Commons^™

Published Research Documents In Nuclear And High Energy Physics From 1996-2019: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Leading Countries In Comparison With India, Ishwar Dutt Sharma Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

A bibliometric analysis of scientific research production of the top five most productive countries in comparison with India in nuclear and high energy physics is presented during the period 1996-2019 using Scopus-linked SCImago electronic database. To validate the present study, some selected bibliometric indicators such as published documents, their citations and citations per document has been studied. In total, 769180 research documents were published worldwide in journal, conference proceedings and in book series. United States (16.47%), Germany(8.64%), Japan (6.65%), China (6.41%) and Russian Federation (5.89%) were the top most productive countries rankwise, whereas India ranked 10^th with 21157 research …

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering At Hall A, Jefferson Lab, Mohamed Nuhman Hashir Rashad

Physics Theses & Dissertations

The Standard Model of particle physics defines quarks and leptons as the basic building blocks of all matter. The interaction between them are mediated by force carrying gauge bosons. Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD), the theory that explains the strong interaction is still not complete enough to derive the physical observables of a Quark-Gluon system from the fundamental degrees of freedom of it’s constituents. Experimentally observable single particle densities provide important insights into our understanding of the quark-gluon system and hence help fill in the gaps of QCD. Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) provide simultaneous information of both spacial and longitudinal momentum distributions …

Measurement Of Pion-Pion Final State Interactions In Η → Π +Π −Γ With Clas At Jefferson Lab, Torri C. Jeske

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Decays of pseudoscalar mesons proceed from the chiral anomaly, which arises from spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. In the limit of massless quarks (chiral limit), the η → π +π −γ the decay width is determined solely by the box anomaly term in the Wess Zumino Witten Lagrangian. Since the physical quarks are not massless, the decay region of the η meson is far from the chiral limit and thus proper inclusion of the momentum dependence is essential to reproduce the measured decay width. Several theoretical frameworks have been proposed to describe these interactions. We report a new measurement of the …

From Wave Propagation To Spin Dynamics: Mathematical And Computational Aspects, Oleksii Beznosov

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

In this work we concentrate on two separate topics which pose certain numerical challenges. The first topic is the spin dynamics of electrons in high-energy circular accelerators. We introduce a stochastic differential equation framework to study spin depolarization and spin equilibrium. This framework allows the mathematical study of known equations and new equations modelling the spin distribution of an electron bunch. A spin distribution is governed by a so-called Bloch equation, which is a linear Fokker-Planck type PDE, in general posed in six dimensions. We propose three approaches to approximate solutions, using analytical and modern numerical techniques. We also present …

Resummation Of Non-Global Logarithms In Cross Sections With Massive Particles, Marcel Balsiger, Thomas Becher, Andrea Ferroglia

Publications and Research

A factorization formalism for jet processes involving massive colored particles such as the top quark is developed, extending earlier results for the massless case. The factorization of soft emissions from the underlying hard process is implemented in an effec tive field theory framework, which forms the basis for the resummation of large logarithms. The renormalization group evolution giving rise to non-global logarithms is implemented into a parton shower code in the large-Nc limit. After a comparison of the massive and massless radiation patterns, the cross section for t¯ t production with a veto on additional central jet activity is computed, …

Particle Dynamics In Anti-De Sitter Space By Eih Method, Jiusi Lei

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Following the work of Einstein, Infeld and Hoffmann, we show that particle dynamics in Anti-de Sitter spacetime can be built up by regarding singularities in spacetime manifold as the source of particles.

Since gauge fields play a foundational role in the action, the singularities are chosen to be point-like instantons. Their winding number, defined by an integration on the spheres surrounding those singularities, will turn out to be related to their masses. And their action, derived from the Chern-Simons forms, will be a co-adjoint orbit action, with group element g ∈ SO(4, 2) describing the collective coordinates of the particle. …

Search For New Physics Using Lepton Flavor Violating Signatures In Modern Particle Colliders., Atanu Pathak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Charged lepton flavor violation is a clear signal of new physics. Such decays are not allowed in the Standard Model but highly anticipated in a large class of new physics models. A direct search for lepton flavor violation in decays of the Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented here. The analysis is performed in the H → l tau channel, where the leading lepton (l) can be either an electron or a muon, and the tau lepton decays into an opposite flavored lighter lepton or via the hadronic decay channel. Published results of this search …

Simulation And Development Of The Radial Time Projection Chamber For The Bonus12 Experiment In Clas12, Nathan M. Dzbenski

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Knowledge of the structure of nucleons (i:e: protons and neutrons) is a central topic of interest to nuclear/particle physicists. Much more is known about the structure of the proton than the neutron due to the lack of high-density free neutron targets. The Barely Off-shell Nucleon Structure experiment (BONuS12) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a second generation experiment upgraded/optimized to advance our knowledge of the neutron's structure using the deep-inelastic scattering of electrons off deuterium. Typically, since deuterium is a nuclear target, corrections for off-shell and nuclear binding effects must be taken into account in order to extract results on the …

Small-X Qcd Calculations With A Biased Ensemble, Gary Kapilevich

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In this dissertation, I will argue that we can study functional fluctuations in unintegrated gluon distributions, in the MV model as well as JIMWLK, using reweighting techniques, which will allow me to calculate QCD observables with "biased ensembles". This technique will enable me to study rare functional configurations of the gluon distributions, that might have been selected for in, for example, the centrality criteria used by the ATLAS and ALICE collaborations. After a review of these techniques, as well as a review of QCD physics at high energy in general, I will use biased ensembles to compute observables in two …

Generalized Four-Dimensional Effective Hadronic Supersymmetry Based On Quantum Chromodynamics (Qcd), Enxi Yu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

New discovery in multiple laboratories around the globe has shown a supersymmetry between hadrons—baryons and mesons. In order to generalize the phenomenological hadronic supersymmetry, the spin-flavor SU(6) symmetry need an extension. This thesis present how we can extend SU(6) symmetry so that hadronic supersymmetry can be included. In the future, this extension can be also applied to pentaquark and tetraquark bags, for which there is an ongoing research in laboratories.

Searching For Doublet Vectorlike Leptons Using The Atlas Particle Detector, Brynn Keller

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

Vectorlike leptons are a simple extension of the standard model, akin to a fourth family of leptons. This paper describes aspects of the preparation for a search for VLLs at an ATLAS particle collider. During this research, signal and control regions were determined with use of a Monte Carlo simulation in order to best estimate where to measure different kinds of background and where to search for a potential signal. These signal and control regions were optimized with respect to MET, LT, and number of light and heavy leptons with a goal of a 95\% confidence limit.

Coherent Captain Mills: The Search For Sterile Neutrinos, Ashley Elliott, Jeramy Gordon, Jonah Greenwood, Rachel Lake, Ryder Moreno, Emily Strawn, Kate Walker

Discovery Day - Prescott

The observation of neutrino oscillations confirms that the active neutrinos (νe, νμ, ντ) are comprised of three mass eigenstates with Δm2 values between 10-3 to 10-5 eV2 . However, a persistent phenomenon has been observed at LSND, MiniBooNE and other shortbaseline experiments (SBE) where Δm2 ~ 1eV2 and is not compatible with the current mixing between mass eigenstates. However, a 4th neutrino, a sterile neutrino (νs) that doesn’t participate in weak interactions could explain the phenomena observed as SBE’s. An experiment has been constructed at TA-53 at Los Alamos National Laboratory to investigate this large Δm2 ~ 1eV2 and determine …

Tz' Production At Hadron Colliders, Marco Guzzi, Nikolaos Kidonakis

Faculty Articles

We study the production of a single top quark in association with a heavy extra Z' at hadron colliders in new physics models with and without flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) couplings. We use QCD soft-gluon resummation and threshold expansions to calculate higher-order corrections for the total cross section and transverse momentum distributions for t Z' production. The impact of the uncertainties due to the structure of the proton and scale dependence is also analyzed.

A Consistent Classical Relativistic Model Of A Finite Size Particle, Mira Varma

Honors Scholar Theses

An exactly solvable classical field theoretical model of a stable particle of finite size is studied. The model consists of a "swarm" of matter particles bound by an interplay of three static fields: one electromagnetic field, a massive scalar field, and a massive vector field. The internal forces due to the three fields balance each other to form a stable particle. The model parameters can be chosen such that the described particle has the mass and radius of a proton. The model qualitatively reproduces the pressure distribution inside a proton in agreement with recent experimental findings.

Consistency Checks For Two-Body Finite-Volume Matrix Elements. Ii. Perturbative Systems, Raúl A. Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Andrew W. Jackura

Physics Faculty Publications

Using the general formalism presented in [Phys. Rev. D 94, 013008 (2016); Phys. Rev. D 100, 034511 (2019)], we study the finite-volume effects for the 2 þ J → 2 matrix element of an external current coupled to a two-particle state of identical scalars with perturbative interactions. Working in a finite cubic volume with periodicity L, we derive a 1=L expansion of the matrix element through O(1=L⁵) and find that it is governed by two universal current-dependent parameters, the scalar charge and the threshold two particle form factor. We confirm the result through a numerical study of the …

293— Moly - Monitoring Oxygen Levels In Ntof Scintillators Using Cosmic Ray Muons, Sean King, Matthew Signor

GREAT Day Posters

High Energy Density Physics and Inertial Confinement Fusion facilities employ nTOF methods to measure neutron energies. Laser induced fusion facilities use the beam pulse as a start signal and Xylene scintillators as the stop signal to obtain the time of flight. To improve timing performance, the scintillator liquid is quenched with oxygen reducing the light production. However, oxygen reacts with the scintillator liquid causing the detector photo flash decay time to increase that reduces the energy resolution of the detector. An in-situ monitoring system which uses cosmic ray muons to determine the oxygen concentration, is being developed at SUNY Geneseo. …

Charged Particle Identification Using Calorimetry And Tracking At The Belle Ii Experiment, Joseph T. Nunziata, Atanu Pathak, Swagato Banerjee

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

Particle identification (PID) is a critical procedure carried out in high energy physics experiments in search of new physics. When particles of matter (i.e., an electron) and antimatter (i.e., a positron) collide, new types of particles may form given certain conditions. Such particles may be classified as hadrons--which feel the strong nuclear force--and leptons--which do not. Identifying particles at the Belle II experiment is done by combining the measurement of energy deposited in the calorimeter with the measurement of track momentum in the tracker. In a tau lepton ($\tau$) decay sample, particles such as electrons, muons, and pions may be …

Magnetic Forces In The Absence Of A Classical Magnetic Field, Ismael L. Paiva, Yakir Aharonov, Jeff Tollaksen, Mordecai Waegell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

It is shown that, in some cases, the effect of discrete distributions of flux lines in quantum mechanics can be associated with the effect of continuous distributions of magnetic fields with special symmetries. In particular, flux lines with an arbitrary value of magnetic flux can be used to create energetic barriers, which can be used to confine quantum systems in specially designed configurations. This generalizes a previous work where such energy barriers arose from flux lines with half-integer fluxons. Furthermore, it is shown how the Landau levels can be obtained from a two-dimensional grid of flux lines. These results suggest …

The Clas12 Software Framework And Event Reconstruction, V. Ziegler, N. A. Baltzell, F. Bossù, D. S. Carman, P. Chatanon, M. Contalbrigo, J. Newton, M. Ungaro

Physics Faculty Publications

We describe offline event reconstruction for the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at 12 GeV (CLAS12), including an overview of the offline reconstruction framework and software tools, a description of the algorithms developed for the individual detector subsystems, and the overall approach for charged and neutral particle identification. We also present the scheme for data processing and the code management procedures.

Heavy Quark Expansion For Heavy-Light Light-Cone Operators, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We generalize the celebrated heavy quark expansion to nonlocal QCD operators. By taking nonlocal heavy-light current on the light-cone as an example, we confirm that the collinear singularities are common between QCD operator and the corresponding operator in heavy quark effective theory (HQET), at the leading power of 1/M expansion. Based on a perturbative calculation in operator form at one-loop level, a factorization formula linking QCD and HQET operators is investigated and the matching coefficient is determined. The matching between QCD and HQET light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) as well as other momentum distributions of hadron can be derived as …

Measurement Of The Photon Beam Asymmetry In Γp → K+Σ0 At EΓ = 8.5 Gev With Gluex, Nilanga Indrajie Wickramaarachchi

Physics Theses & Dissertations

In this work the photon beam asymmetry Σ for the reaction γp K⁺ Σ⁰(1193) is measured using the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The analysis used data that were collected using a linearly polarized photon beam in the energy range (8.2 - 8.8) GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam asymmetries are measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable t and as a single value for the low u region. These are the first exclusive measurements of the photon beam asymmetry Σ in this reaction at energies above the baryon resonance …

Truncations Of W (Infinity) Algebras, Mohammed Akram Fellah

Department of Physics Faculty Publications

We introduce a new class of Vertex Operator Algebras Y+ and their duals, which generalize the standard W-algebras WN of type sl(N). These algebras can be defined in terms of junctions of boundary conditions and interfaces in the GL-twisted N = 4 Super Yang Mills gauge theory.

The aim of these technical calculations is to find the relation of these ortho-symplectic Y-algebras to truncations of even W\infinity.

Improving The Background Of Gravitational-Wave Searches For Core Collapse Supernovae: A Machine Learning Approach, M. Cavaglià, S. Gaudio, T. Hansen, K. Staats, M. Szczepanczyk, M. Zanolin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Based on the priorO1-O2observing runs, about30%of the data collected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo Internext observing runs are expected tobe single-interferometer data, i.e. they will be collected at times when only one detector in the network is operating in observing mode. Searches for gravitational-wave signals from supernova events do not rely on matched filtering techniques because of the stochastic nature of the signals. If a Galactic supernova occurs during single-interferometer times, separation of its unmodelled gravitational-wave signal from noise will be even more difficult due to lack of coherence between detectors. We present a novel machine learning method to perform …

Data Analysis Of Large Angle Beamstrahlung Monitor, Samuel Doeg Izaguirre Gamez

Wayne State University Dissertations

The first experimental evidence of large angle beamstrahlung at SuperKEKB is discussed in this Thesis. Beamstrahlung is the tn radiation emitted by particles belonging to one beam when they are accelerated transversely by the electro-magnetic field of the other beam. The properties of the radiation are related to the beam interaction topologyand can be used to optimize the beam-beam collision. This, in turn, makes the machine’s luminosity, and therefore the number of produced events, higher. A device entirely built at WSU, the Large Angle Beamstrahlung Monitor, or LABM, has been deployed in the SuperKEKB accelerator since 2015. A five Institutions …

Validation Of Upgrade Of The Geant4 Simulation Toolkit To Model The Responses From Top And Arich Detectors, Dominic M Smith, Mason A. Ross, Swagato Banerjee, Davis N. Brown

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

Belle II is the next generation B-Factory experiment at the world's highest luminosity accelerator the SuperKEKB collider, which is designed to collect 50 times more data than the previous generation experiments. A hallmark feature of B-Factory experiments is to use novel characteristics of Cherenkov detectors for identification of the flavor of charged particles passing through the detector. The TOP and the ARICH detectors can identify charged pions and kaons with high precision. The response to the passage of high energetic particles in the detector is modeled with the Geant4 simulation toolkit. Here we compare the performances of these two detectors …

Effective Field Theory And Machine Learning Approaches To Controlling Nonperturbative Uncertainties In Flavor Physics, Ayesh Gunawardana

Wayne State University Dissertations

The radiative decay $\bar{B}\to X_s\gamma$ and semileptonic heavy meson decay $D\to \pi l \nu$ are important flavor physics probes of new physics. However, these decays are plagued with nonperturbative uncertainties that are needed to be controlled to obtain a theoretically clean description. In this dissertation, we provide effective field theory and machine learning approaches to controlling these uncertainties.\par

In $\bar B\to X_s\gamma$, the largest uncertainty on the total rate and the CP asymmetry arises from resolved photon contributions. These appear first at order $1/m_b$ and are related to operators other than $Q_{7\gamma}$ in the effective weak Hamiltonian. One of the …

Validating The Belle2 Physicslist In Geant4 V10.1.2, Dustyn D Hofer, Swagato Banerjee Dr., David N. Brown Dr., Atanu Pathak

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

Since the start of software development at the Belle II experiment operating at the KEK national laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan, the simulation tool kit Geant4 has undergone several updates. As a member in the ongoing collaboration, the University of Louisville’s High Energy Physics (HEP) group is striving to validate newer versions of Geant4 to maximize improvements of physics performance.We have simulated the performance of a new physics list sub-module, the "Belle2 PhysicsList", with improved modeling of hadronic shower shape and standard electromagnetic processes. Using a reconstruction-based selection procedure on tau-pair events decaying into a final state consisting ofe lectrons, photons, …

Double Inclusive Small-X Gluon Production And Their Azimuthal Correlations In A Biased Ensemble, Gary Kapilevich

Publications and Research

We consider double gg → g production in the presence of a bias on the unintegrated gluon distribution of the colliding hadrons or nuclei. Such bias could be due to the selection of configurations with a greater number of gluons or higher mean transverse momentum squared or, more generally, due to a modified spectral shape of the gluon distribution in the hadrons. Hence, we consider reweighted functional averages over the stochastic ensemble of small-x gluons. We evaluate explicitly the double inclusive gluon transverse momentum spectrum in high-energy collisions, and their azimuthal correlations, for a few simple examples of biases.

"Lagrangian Disks" In M-Theory, Sebastián Franco, Sergei Gukov, Sangmin Lee, Rak-Kyeong Seong, James Sparks

Publications and Research

While the study of bordered (pseudo-)holomorphic curves with boundary on Lagrangian submanifolds has a long history, a similar problem that involves (special) Lagrangian submanifolds with boundary on complex surfaces appears to be largely overlooked in both physics and math literature. We relate this problem to geometry of coassociative submanifolds in G₂ holonomy spaces and to Spin(7) metrics on 8-manifolds with T² fibrations. As an application to physics, we propose a large class of brane models in type IIA string theory that generalize brane brick models on the one hand and 2d theories T[M₄] on …

A Short Remark On Vortex As Fluid Particle From Neutrosophic Logic Perspective, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In a previous paper in this journal (IJNS), it is mentioned about a possible approach to re-describe QED without renormalization route. As it is known that in literature, there are some attempts to reconcile vortex-based fluid dynamics and particle dynamics. Some attempts are not quite as fruitful as others. As a follow up to previous paper, the present paper will discuss two theorems for developing unification theories, and then point out some new proposals including by Simula (2020) on how to derive Maxwell equations in superfluid dynamics setting; this could be a new alternative approach towards “fluidicle” or “vorticle” model …