Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Atomic processes (3)
- Spin (3)
- Quantum mechanics (2)
- System (2)
- Time (2)
-
- Weak values (2)
- Apatites (1)
- Atomic (1)
- CHARGED PARTICLES (1)
- Classical Field-Theory (1)
- Complementarity (1)
- Condensed Matter & Materials Physics (1)
- Conservation laws (1)
- Critical temperature (1)
- Cryocooling (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- ELECTRON DENSITY (1)
- Electromagnetic field theory (1)
- Emergence (1)
- Finite element modeling (1)
- Flux-Tube Model (1)
- Hadrons (1)
- Heterophase compound (1)
- IONIZATION (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Information theory (1)
- Interstellar matter (1)
- Ionization Particle (1)
- Large Momentum Transfer (1)
- Lattice parameters (1)
Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
30 Db On-Chip Ultra-High Inverse Weak Value Amplification, Yuhan Mei, Meiting Song, Andrew N. Jordan, Jaime Cardenas
30 Db On-Chip Ultra-High Inverse Weak Value Amplification, Yuhan Mei, Meiting Song, Andrew N. Jordan, Jaime Cardenas
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Weak value amplification (WVA) has emerged as a powerful technique that enhances measurement precision. However, traditional table-top WVA setups and on-chip demonstrations have not achieved an amplification over 20 dB. The practical limit of the amplification is the fidelity of photon post-selection. To address this limit, we design a weak value device with an over 30 dB interferometer extinction ratio, where the stray light in the dark port is minimized with thermally tunable phase shifters. As a result, the device successfully shows 30 dB WVA, termed ultra-high WVA. This WVA optimization strategy by improving interferometer extinction is extensible to a …
Reconstructing Superoscillations Buried Deeply In Noise, Derek D. White, Shunxing Zhang, Barbara Šoda, Achim Kempf, Daniele C. Struppa, Andrew N. Jordan, John C. Howell
Reconstructing Superoscillations Buried Deeply In Noise, Derek D. White, Shunxing Zhang, Barbara Šoda, Achim Kempf, Daniele C. Struppa, Andrew N. Jordan, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We utilize a method using frequency combs to construct waves that feature superoscillations—local regions of the wave that exhibit a change in phase that the bandlimits of the wave should not otherwise allow. This method has been shown to create superoscillating regions that mimic any analytic function—even ones well outside the bandlimits—to an arbitrary degree of accuracy. We experimentally demonstrate that these waves are extremely robust against noise, allowing for accurate reconstruction of a superoscillating target function thoroughly buried in noise. We additionally show that such a construction can be easily used to range-resolve a signal well below the commonly …
Experimental Realization Of Supergrowing Fields, Sethuraj K. R., Tathagata Karmakar, S. A. Wadood, Andrew N. Jordan, A. Nick Vamivakas
Experimental Realization Of Supergrowing Fields, Sethuraj K. R., Tathagata Karmakar, S. A. Wadood, Andrew N. Jordan, A. Nick Vamivakas
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Supergrowth refers to the local amplitude growth rate of a signal being faster than its fastest Fourier mode. In contrast, superoscillation pertains to the variation of the phase. Compared to the latter, supergrowth can have exponentially higher intensities and promises improvement over superoscillation-based superresolution imaging. Here, we demonstrate the experimental synthesis of controlled supergrowing fields with a maximum growth rate of ∼19.07 times the system bandlimit. Our work is an essential step toward realizing supergrowth-based far-field superresolution imaging.
Superconducting Polycrystalline Rhenium Films Deposited At Room Temperature, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian
Superconducting Polycrystalline Rhenium Films Deposited At Room Temperature, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We report on magnetron deposition of thin superconducting rhenium films on sapphire substrates. During the deposition, substrates were held at ambient temperature. Critical temperature of the films is Tc ~ 3.6 K. Films have polycrystalline structure, and grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry indicates that crystalline lattice parameters are somewhat larger compared to the bulk ones. Magnetoresistive and AC/DC susceptibilities allowed us to determine Hc1 and Hc2 of these films, as well as estimate coherence length ξ(0) and magnetic penetration depth λL(0). We also provide information on surface morphology of these films.
Phase-Slip Centers As Cooling Engines, Iris Mowgood, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Sara Chahid, Armen Gulian
Phase-Slip Centers As Cooling Engines, Iris Mowgood, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Sara Chahid, Armen Gulian
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau system of equations, Éliashberg’s kinetic equations and finite element modeling, we analyze phonon emission by the phase-slip centers in superconducting filaments. Our results show that in the dissipative regime with these centers, thin superconducting filaments can be effective in originating not only positive but also negative thermal fluxes, i.e., they both generate and absorb phonons. In a stationary oscillatory regime, at a given moment of time, this generation and absorption of phonons reveals itself as positive and negative spectrum of phonons at different spectral ranges. Moreover, at a given spectral range, the emission reverses its sign …
Some Remarks On Possible Superconductivity Of Composition Pb9Cup6O25, Pablo Abramian-Barco, A. Kuzanyan, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian
Some Remarks On Possible Superconductivity Of Composition Pb9Cup6O25, Pablo Abramian-Barco, A. Kuzanyan, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
A material called LK-99, a modified-lead apatite crystal structure with the composition Pb10 – xCux(PO4)6O (0.9 < x < 1.1) has been reported to be an above-room-temperature superconductor at ambient pressure. It is hard to expect that it will be straightforward for other groups to reproduce the original results. We provide here some remarks which may be helpful for a success.
Light That Appears To Come From A Source That Does Not Exist, Itamar Stern, Yakov Bloch, Einav Grynszpan, Merav Kahn, Yakir Aharonov, Justin Dressel, Eliahu Cohen, John C. Howell
Light That Appears To Come From A Source That Does Not Exist, Itamar Stern, Yakov Bloch, Einav Grynszpan, Merav Kahn, Yakir Aharonov, Justin Dressel, Eliahu Cohen, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Superoscillatory, band-limited functions oscillate faster than their fastest Fourier component. Superoscillations have been intensively explored recently as they give rise to many out-of-the-spectrum phenomena entailing both fundamental and applied significance. We experimentally demonstrate a form of superoscillations which is manifested by light apparently coming from a source located far away from the actual one. These superoscillations are sensed through sharp transverse shifts in the local wave vector at the minima of a pinhole diffraction pattern. We call this phenomenon “optical ventriloquism.”
Time-Symmetry And Topology Of The Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Yakir Aharonov, Ismael L. Paiva, Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik, Avshalom C. Elitzur, Eliahu Cohen
Time-Symmetry And Topology Of The Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Yakir Aharonov, Ismael L. Paiva, Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik, Avshalom C. Elitzur, Eliahu Cohen
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect has been highly influential in fundamental and applied physics. Its topological nature commonly implies that an electron encircling a magnetic flux source in a field-free region must close the loop in order to generate an observable effect. In this paper, we study a variant of the AB effect that apparently challenges this concept. The significance of weak values and nonlocal equations of motion is discussed as part of the analysis, shedding light on and connecting all these fundamental concepts.
Weakness Of Weak Values: Incompatibility Of Anomalous Pulse-Spectrum Amplification And Optical Frequency Combs, John C. Howell
Weakness Of Weak Values: Incompatibility Of Anomalous Pulse-Spectrum Amplification And Optical Frequency Combs, John C. Howell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We probe the use of optical frequency combs to place lower bounds on anomalous amplification of a weak-value-measured pulse delay, potentially reaching a theoretical temporal resolution of better than 10−34 s. Owing to the interferometric behavior of weak values, we show that anomalous weak value amplification of a time delay is not equivalent to a temporal linear phase ramp. We show that the anomalous weak value is a rearrangement of amplitudes that generates an apparent shift that can be measured in direct detection, but does not change the actual frequency offset of a spectral distribution measurable in coherent detection. …
Roadmap On Superoscillations, Michael Berry, Nicolay Zheludev, Yakir Aharonov, Fabrizio Colombo, Irene Sabadini, Daniele C. Struppa, Jeff Tollaksen, Edward T. F. Rogers, Fei Qin, Minghui Hong, Xiangang Luo, Roei Remez, Ady Arie, Jörg B. Götte, Mark R. Dennis, Alex M. H. Wong, George V. Eleftheriades, Yaniv Eliezer, Alon Bahabad, Gang Chen, Zhongquan Wen, Gaofeng Liang, Chenglong Hao, C-W Qiu, Achim Kempf, Eytan Katzav, Moshe Schwartz
Roadmap On Superoscillations, Michael Berry, Nicolay Zheludev, Yakir Aharonov, Fabrizio Colombo, Irene Sabadini, Daniele C. Struppa, Jeff Tollaksen, Edward T. F. Rogers, Fei Qin, Minghui Hong, Xiangang Luo, Roei Remez, Ady Arie, Jörg B. Götte, Mark R. Dennis, Alex M. H. Wong, George V. Eleftheriades, Yaniv Eliezer, Alon Bahabad, Gang Chen, Zhongquan Wen, Gaofeng Liang, Chenglong Hao, C-W Qiu, Achim Kempf, Eytan Katzav, Moshe Schwartz
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Superoscillations are band-limited functions with the counterintuitive property that they can vary arbitrarily faster than their fastest Fourier component, over arbitrarily long intervals. Modern studies originated in quantum theory, but there were anticipations in radar and optics. The mathematical understanding—still being explored—recognises that functions are extremely small where they superoscillate; this has implications for information theory. Applications to optical vortices, sub-wavelength microscopy and related areas of nanoscience are now moving from the theoretical and the demonstrative to the practical. This Roadmap surveys all these areas, providing background, current research, and anticipating future developments.
Completely Top–Down Hierarchical Structure In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Jeff Tollaksen
Completely Top–Down Hierarchical Structure In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Jeff Tollaksen
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Can a large system be fully characterized using its subsystems via inductive reasoning? Is it possible to completely reduce the behavior of a complex system to the behavior of its simplest “atoms”? In this paper we answer these questions in the negative for a specific class of systems and measurements. After a general introduction of the topic, we present the main idea with a simple two-particle example, where strong correlations arise between two apparently empty boxes. This leads to surprising effects within atomic and electromagnetic systems. A general construction based on preand postselected ensembles is then suggested, wherein the Nbody …
Quasiprobability Behind The Out-Of-Time-Ordered Correlator, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Brian Swingle, Justin Dressel
Quasiprobability Behind The Out-Of-Time-Ordered Correlator, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Brian Swingle, Justin Dressel
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Two topics, evolving rapidly in separate fields, were combined recently: the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) signals quantum-information scrambling in many-body systems. The Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) quasiprobability represents operators in quantum optics. The OTOC was shown to equal a moment of a summed quasiprobability [Yunger Halpern, Phys. Rev. A 95, 012120 (2017)]. That quasiprobability, we argue, is an extension of the KD distribution. We explore the quasiprobability's structure from experimental, numerical, and theoretical perspectives. First, we simplify and analyze Yunger Halpern's weak-measurement and interference protocols for measuring the OTOC and its quasiprobability. We decrease, exponentially in system size, the number of trials …
Weak Values Obtained In Matter-Wave Interferometry, Stephan Sponar, Tobias Denkmayr, Hermann Geppert, Hartmutt Lemmel, Alexandre Matzkin, Jeff Tollaksen, Yuji Hasegawa
Weak Values Obtained In Matter-Wave Interferometry, Stephan Sponar, Tobias Denkmayr, Hermann Geppert, Hartmutt Lemmel, Alexandre Matzkin, Jeff Tollaksen, Yuji Hasegawa
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Weak values, introduced more than 25 years ago, underwent a metamorphosis from a theoretical curiosity to a powerful resource in photonics for exploring foundations of quantum mechanics, as well as a practical laboratory tool. Due to the tiny coherence volume of particles used in matter-wave optics, a straightforward implementation of weak measurements is not feasible. We have overcome this hurdle by developing a method to weakly measure a massive particle's spin component. A neutron optical approach is realized by utilizing neutron interferometry, where the neutron's spin is coupled weakly to its spatial degree of freedom. Here, we present how one …
Conservation Of The Spin And Orbital Angular Momenta In Electromagnetism, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Justin Dressel, Franco Nori
Conservation Of The Spin And Orbital Angular Momenta In Electromagnetism, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Justin Dressel, Franco Nori
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We review and re-examine the description and separation of the spin and orbital angular momenta (AM) of an electromagnetic field in free space. While the spin and orbital AM of light are not separately meaningful physical quantities in orthodox quantum mechanics or classical field theory, these quantities are routinely measured and used for applications in optics. A meaningful quantum description of the spin and orbital AM of light was recently provided by several authors, which describes separately conserved and measurable integral values of these quantities. However, the electromagnetic field theory still lacks corresponding locally conserved spin and orbital AM currents. …
Tight Knot Spectrum In Qcd, Roman V. Buniy, Jason Cantarella, Thomas W. Kephart, Eric Rawdon
Tight Knot Spectrum In Qcd, Roman V. Buniy, Jason Cantarella, Thomas W. Kephart, Eric Rawdon
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We model the observed J(++) mesonic mass spectrum in terms of energies for tightly knotted and linked chromoelectric QCD flux tubes. The data is fit with one- and two-parameter models. We predict a possible new state at approximately 1190 MeV and a plethora of new states above 1690 MeV.
The Classical Limit Of Quantum Optics: Not What It Seems At First Sight, Yakir Aharonov, Alonso Botero, Shmuel Nussinov, Sandu Popescu, Jeff Tollaksen, Lev Vaidman
The Classical Limit Of Quantum Optics: Not What It Seems At First Sight, Yakir Aharonov, Alonso Botero, Shmuel Nussinov, Sandu Popescu, Jeff Tollaksen, Lev Vaidman
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
What light is and how to describe it has always been a central subject in physics. As our understanding has increased, so have our theories changed: geometrical optics, wave optics and quantum optics are increasingly sophisticated descriptions, each referring to a larger class of phenomena than its predecessor. But how exactly are these theories related? How and when wave optics reduces to geometric optics is a rather simple problem. Similarly, how quantum optics reduces to wave optics has also been considered to be a very simple business. It is not so. As we show here the classical limit of quantum …
Quantum Interference Experiments, Modular Variables And Weak Measurements, Jeff Tollaksen, Yakir Aharonov, Aharon Casher, Tirzah Kaufherr, Shmuel Nussinov
Quantum Interference Experiments, Modular Variables And Weak Measurements, Jeff Tollaksen, Yakir Aharonov, Aharon Casher, Tirzah Kaufherr, Shmuel Nussinov
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We address the problem of interference using the Heisenberg picture and highlight some new aspects through the use of pre-selection, post-selection, weak measurements and modular variables. We present a physical explanation for the different behaviors of a single particle when the distant slit is open or closed; instead of having a quantum wave that passes through all slits, we have a localized particle with non-local interactions with the other slit(s). We introduce a Gedanken experiment to measure this non-local exchange. While the Heisenberg and Schrodinger pictures are equivalent formulations of quantum mechanics, nevertheless, the results discussed here support a new …
Color Transparency In Qcd And Post-Selection In Quantum Mechanics, Shmuel Nussinov, Jeff Tollaksen
Color Transparency In Qcd And Post-Selection In Quantum Mechanics, Shmuel Nussinov, Jeff Tollaksen
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We discuss color transparency in the nuclear QCD context from the perspective of pre- and post-selected ensembles. We show that the small size of the hadronic states can be explained by the peculiar "force of post-selection," in contrast to the more standard explanation based on external forces.
Forbidden Lines Of Np^Q Ions. Ii. Line Intensities, J. P. Lynch, Menas Kafatos
Forbidden Lines Of Np^Q Ions. Ii. Line Intensities, J. P. Lynch, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Ground state forbidden transitions of np^q ions of C, N, 0, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe can provide important information on the state of cosmic ionized gases. Wavelengths of these lines are in the far- and near-UV visible and near- and far-IR regions of the spectrum. The line intensity ratios of particular transitions in q = 2, 4 ions can provide information on the temperature of the gas and in q = 3 ions information on the density of the gas. In the present work we have tabulated the line intensities of 95 transitions of these ions, which include …
Forbidden Lines Of Np^Q Ions. I. Detailed Balance And Line Intensity Ratios, Menas Kafatos, J. P. Lynch
Forbidden Lines Of Np^Q Ions. I. Detailed Balance And Line Intensity Ratios, Menas Kafatos, J. P. Lynch
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Ground state forbidden transitions of np^q ions of C, N, 0, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe can provide important information on the state of cosmic ionized gases. Wavelengths of these lines are in the far- and near-UV visible and near-- and far-IR regions of the spectrum. The line intensity ratios of particular transitions in q = 2, 4 ions can provide information on the temperature of the gas and in q = 3 ions information on the density of the gas. In the present work we have tabulated the line intensities of 95 transitions of these ions, which include …
Statistical Time-Dependent Model For The Interstellar Gas, H. Gerola, Menas Kafatos, R. Mccray
Statistical Time-Dependent Model For The Interstellar Gas, H. Gerola, Menas Kafatos, R. Mccray
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We present models for temperature and ionization structure of low, uniform-density (n ~ 0.3 cm^-3) interstellar gas in a galactic disk which is exposed to soft X-rays from supernova outbursts occurring randomly in space and time. The structure was calculated by computing the time record of temperature and ionization at a given point by Monte Carlo simulation. The calculation yields probability distribution functions for ionized fraction x, temperature T, and their various observable moments. These time-dependent models predict a bimodal temperature distribution of the gas with structure in x, T that agrees with various observations. Cold regions in the low-density …
Time-Dependent Ionization Equilibrium And Line Radiation Under Flarelike Conditions, Menas Kafatos, W. H. Tucker
Time-Dependent Ionization Equilibrium And Line Radiation Under Flarelike Conditions, Menas Kafatos, W. H. Tucker
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The results of calculations for time-dependent ionization equilibrium and line emission are presented and compared with the values obtained under the assumption that steady-state conditions prevail. In the models considered, it is assumed that the electron density is constant (=10^3 cm^-3) and that the temperature increases by a factor of 10 from 3 x 10^6 K on timescales ranging from 100 to 300 s and decays back to 3 x 10^6 K on a timescale ranging from 600 to 1400 s. Ions of oxygen and silicon are considered, and it is found that the spectrum is softer during the rise …