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Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

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Articles 31 - 48 of 48

Full-Text Articles in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Non-Hermitian Matter-Wave Mixing In Bose-Einstein Condensates: Dissipation-Induced Amplification, S. Wuster, Ramy El-Ganainy Jul 2017

Non-Hermitian Matter-Wave Mixing In Bose-Einstein Condensates: Dissipation-Induced Amplification, S. Wuster, Ramy El-Ganainy

Department of Physics Publications

We investigate the nonlinear scattering dynamics in interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensates under non-Hermitian dissipative conditions. We show that, by carefully engineering a momentum-dependent atomic loss profile, one can achieve matter-wave amplification through four-wave mixing in a quasi-one-dimensional nearly-free-space setup—a process that is forbidden in the counterpart Hermitian systems due to energy mismatch. Additionally, we show that similar effects lead to rich nonlinear dynamics in higher dimensions. Finally, we propose a physical realization for selectively tailoring the momentum-dependent atomic dissipation. Our strategy is based on a two-step process: (i) exciting atoms to narrow Rydberg or metastable excited states, and (ii) introducing …

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Model For The Electrolysis Of Water And Its Use For Optimization, Roger Lascorz, Javier E. Hasbun Dr Jun 2016

Model For The Electrolysis Of Water And Its Use For Optimization, Roger Lascorz, Javier E. Hasbun Dr

Georgia Journal of Science

The goal of this research was to study the optimization of the electrolysis of water both theoretically and experimentally. For accuracy, 3 hr experiments were made with measurements recorded every 15 min. The results show that a better model than the classical one is needed for water electrolysis. A new model that fits experimental data better is proposed. The results of this new model not only predict hydrogen production in electrolysis of water better, but show a way to predict gas production of any liquid as well as what voltage to use to optimize it.

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Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion Of Photons Through Β-Barium Borate, Luke Horowitz May 2016

Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion Of Photons Through Β-Barium Borate, Luke Horowitz

Physics

An apparatus for detecting pairs of entangled 405nm photons that have undergone Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion through β-Barium Borate is described. By using avalanche photo-diodes to detect the low-intensity converted beam and a coincidence module to register coincident photons, it is possible to create an apparatus than can be used to perform quantum information experiments under a budget appropriate for an undergraduate physics lab.

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Event Generator Tunes Obtained From Underlying Event And Multiparton Scattering Measurements, Cms Collaboration, Ekaterina Cms Avdeeva, Kenneth A. Bloom, S. Bose, Daniel Claes, Aaron Dominguez, Caleb Fangmeier, Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez, Rami Kamalieddin, J. Keller, D. Knowlton, Ilya Kravchenko, F. Meier, Jose Monroy, F. Ratnikov, J. E. Siado, Gregory Snow Jan 2016

Event Generator Tunes Obtained From Underlying Event And Multiparton Scattering Measurements, Cms Collaboration, Ekaterina Cms Avdeeva, Kenneth A. Bloom, S. Bose, Daniel Claes, Aaron Dominguez, Caleb Fangmeier, Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez, Rami Kamalieddin, J. Keller, D. Knowlton, Ilya Kravchenko, F. Meier, Jose Monroy, F. Ratnikov, J. E. Siado, Gregory Snow

Kenneth Bloom Publications

New sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event (UE) modelling of the PYTHIA8, PYTHIA6 and HERWIG++ MonteCarlo event generators are constructed using different parton distribution functions. Combined fits to CMS UE proton–proton (pp) data at √s = 7 TeV and to UE proton–antiproton (pp) data from the CDF experiment at lower √s, are used to study the UE models and constrain their parameters, providing thereby improved predictions for proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV. In addition, it is investigated whether the values of the parameters obtained from fits to UE observables are consistent with the values determined from fitting observables sensitive …

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Distributions Of Long-Lived Radioactive Nuclei Provided By Star-Forming Environments, Marco Fatuzzo, Fred Adams Nov 2015

Distributions Of Long-Lived Radioactive Nuclei Provided By Star-Forming Environments, Marco Fatuzzo, Fred Adams

Faculty Scholarship

Radioactive nuclei play an important role in planetary evolution by providing an internal heat source, which affects planetary structure and helps facilitate plate tectonics. A minimum level of nuclear activity is thought to be necessary—but not sufficient—for planets to be habitable. Extending previous work that focused on short-lived nuclei, this paper considers the delivery of long-lived radioactive nuclei to circumstellar disks in star forming regions. Although the long-lived nuclear species are always present, their abundances can be enhanced through multiple mechanisms. Most stars form in embedded cluster environments, so that disks can be enriched directly by intercepting ejecta from supernovae …

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Discrete Excitation Spectrum Of A Classical Harmonic Oscillator In Zero-Point Radiation, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan Mar 2015

Discrete Excitation Spectrum Of A Classical Harmonic Oscillator In Zero-Point Radiation, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We report that upon excitation by a single pulse, a classical harmonic oscillator immersed in the classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation exhibits a discrete harmonic spectrum in agreement with that of its quantum counterpart. This result is interesting in view of the fact that the vacuum field is needed in the classical calculation to obtain the agreement.

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Charged Particle Dynamics In The Magnetic Field Of A Long Straight Current-Carrying Wire, M. Fatuzzo, A. Prentice, T. Toepker Jan 2015

Charged Particle Dynamics In The Magnetic Field Of A Long Straight Current-Carrying Wire, M. Fatuzzo, A. Prentice, T. Toepker

Faculty Scholarship

The article discusses the concept behind motion of a charged particle in a non-uniform filed of a wire carrying current. Topics discussed include possible types of motion in a current carrying field, vector analysis of velocity and magnetic field of the particle and Coupled differential equations.

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A Numerical Assessment Of Cosmic-Ray Energy Diffusion Through Turbulent Media, M. Fatuzzo, F. Melia Jan 2014

A Numerical Assessment Of Cosmic-Ray Energy Diffusion Through Turbulent Media, M. Fatuzzo, F. Melia

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Turbulence On Cosmic Ray Propagation In Protostars And Young Stars, M. Fatuzzo, F. C. Adams Jan 2014

Effects Of Turbulence On Cosmic Ray Propagation In Protostars And Young Stars, M. Fatuzzo, F. C. Adams

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Dynamics Underlying The Gaussian Distribution Of The Classical Harmonic Oscillator In Zero-Point Radiation, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan Oct 2013

Dynamics Underlying The Gaussian Distribution Of The Classical Harmonic Oscillator In Zero-Point Radiation, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Stochastic electrodynamics (SED) predicts a Gaussian probability distribution for a classical harmonic oscillator in the vacuum field. This probability distribution is identical to that of the ground state quantum harmonic oscillator. Thus, the Heisenberg minimum uncertainty relation is recovered in SED. To understand the dynamics that give rise to the uncertainty relation and the Gaussian probability distribution, we perform a numerical simulation and follow the motion of the oscillator. The dynamical information obtained through the simulation provides insight to the connection between the classic double-peak probability distribution and the Gaussian probability distribution. A main objective for SED research is to …

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Quantitative Study Of Spin-Flip Co-Tunneling Transport In A Quantum Dot, S. Herbert, T-M. Liu, A. N. Ngo Jan 2012

Quantitative Study Of Spin-Flip Co-Tunneling Transport In A Quantum Dot, S. Herbert, T-M. Liu, A. N. Ngo

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Assessing The Feasibility Of Cosmic-Ray Acceleration By Magnetic Turbulence At The Magnetic Center, M. Fatuzzo, F. Melia Jan 2012

Assessing The Feasibility Of Cosmic-Ray Acceleration By Magnetic Turbulence At The Magnetic Center, M. Fatuzzo, F. Melia

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Robust Isothermal Electric Control Of Exchange Bias At Room Temperature, Xi He, Ning Wu, Anthony N. Caruso, Elio Vescovo, Kirill D. Belashchenko, Peter A. Dowben, Christian Binek Jan 2010

Robust Isothermal Electric Control Of Exchange Bias At Room Temperature, Xi He, Ning Wu, Anthony N. Caruso, Elio Vescovo, Kirill D. Belashchenko, Peter A. Dowben, Christian Binek

Kirill Belashchenko Publications

Voltage-controlled spin electronics is crucial for continued progress in information technology. It aims at reduced power consumption, increased integration density and enhanced functionality where non-volatile memory is combined with highspeed logical processing. Promising spintronic device concepts use the electric control of interface and surface magnetization. From the combination of magnetometry, spin-polarized photoemission spectroscopy, symmetry arguments and first-principles calculations, we show that the (0001) surface of magnetoelectric Cr2O3 has a roughness-insensitive, electrically switchable magnetization. Using a ferromagnetic Pd/Co multilayer deposited on the (0001) surface of a Cr2O3 single crystal, we achieve reversible, room-temperature isothermal switching …

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Orientation Of Optically Trapped Nonspherical Birefringent Particles, Wolfgang Singer, Timo A. Nieminen, Ursula J. Gibson, Norman R. Heckenberg Feb 2006

Orientation Of Optically Trapped Nonspherical Birefringent Particles, Wolfgang Singer, Timo A. Nieminen, Ursula J. Gibson, Norman R. Heckenberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

While the alignment and rotation of microparticles in optical traps have received increased attention recently, one of the earliest examples has been almost totally neglected—the alignment of particles relative to the beam axis, as opposed to about the beam axis. However, since the alignment torques determine how particles align in a trap, they are directly relevant to practical applications. Lysozyme crystals are an ideal model system to study factors determining the orientation of nonspherical birefringent particles in a trap. Both their size and their aspect ratio can be controlled by the growth parameters, and their regular shape makes computational modeling …

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Anisotropy Of Exchange Stiffness And Its Effect On The Properties Of Magnets, K. D. Belashchenko Apr 2004

Anisotropy Of Exchange Stiffness And Its Effect On The Properties Of Magnets, K. D. Belashchenko

Kirill Belashchenko Publications

Using the spin-spiral formulation of the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method, the principal components of the exchange stiffness tensor are calculated for typical hard magnets including tetragonal CoPt-type and hexagonal YCo5 alloys. The exchange stiffness is strongly anisotropic in all studied alloys. This anisotropy makes the domain wall surface tension anisotropic. Competition between this anisotropic surface tension and magnetostatic energy controls the formation and dynamics of nanoscale domain structures in hard magnets. Anisotropic domain wall bending is described in detail from the general point of view and with application to cellular Sm–Co magnets. It is shown that the repulsive …

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Comment On `Numerical Analysis Of Bose-Einstein Condensation In Three-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator Potential' By Martin Ligare [Am. J. Phys. 66 (3), 185-190 (1998)] - An Extension To Anisotropic Traps And Lower Dimensions, Martin K. Ligare Jan 2002

Comment On `Numerical Analysis Of Bose-Einstein Condensation In Three-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator Potential' By Martin Ligare [Am. J. Phys. 66 (3), 185-190 (1998)] - An Extension To Anisotropic Traps And Lower Dimensions, Martin K. Ligare

Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Numerical Analysis Of Bose-Einstein Condensation In A Three-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator Potential, Martin K. Ligare Mar 1998

Numerical Analysis Of Bose-Einstein Condensation In A Three-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator Potential, Martin K. Ligare

Faculty Journal Articles

Bose–Einstein condensation is the anomalous accumulation of particles in the ground state of a system of bosons, when compared with the population in a system of particles obeying classical statistics. I use undergraduate-level statistical mechanics and a symbolic algebra computer program to study the occupation numbers of the energy levels of a finite number of noninteracting particles confined in a three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential. I also calculate the heat capacity of the gas. The harmonic oscillator potential simplifies the calculations and approximates the conditions of the recent experiments achieving Bose–Einstein condensation in laser-cooled alkali vapors.

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First-Order Amplitude For General State-To-State Transitions In Hydrogen By Projectile Impact, Jack C. Straton Feb 1991

First-Order Amplitude For General State-To-State Transitions In Hydrogen By Projectile Impact, Jack C. Straton

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The closed analytic form for bound-state transitions due to projectile impact is found in the intermediate representation. The coordinate integral is obtained by evaluating the remaining two integrals in the general multicenter integral derived previously [J.C. Straton, Phys. Rev. A 41, 71 (1990)]. Evaluating the remaining time integral depends upon relating a sum of modified Bessel functions of the second kind KN+1/2(z) to a simple polynomial in 1/z. The results of Van Den Bos and De Heer [Physica 34, 333 (1967)] are shown to be missing a phase factor of (-i)(l′+l)

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