Physics Commons^™

Theoretical Model Analysis Of Absorption Of A Three Level Diode Pumped Alkali Laser, Charlton D. Lewis Ii

Theses and Dissertations

This paper models the absorption phenomena of light in a three level diode pumped alkali laser system. Specifically this model calculates for a user defined set of system parameters the attenuation of the input pump beam and characteristics of the bleached wave. Using Wolfram's Mathematical 6.0 software all necessary physics for an accurate description of absorption was modeled from first principles: energy levels, cross sections, spin-orbit kinetic processes, saturation frequencies, pump attenuation, and differential transmittance, which is a representation of the bleached wave. A specific DPAL scenario was simulated, 455K system temperature, alkali concentration of 6.1 - 10¹³, …

The Effective Potential Energy Surfaces Of The Nonadiabatic Collision B(2PJA) + H2(1Σ+G,Ν,J) ↔ B(2PJ'A) + H2(1Σ+G,Ν',J'), Matthew B. Garvin

Theses and Dissertations

Effective potential energy surfaces (PESs) are calculated for a nonadiabatic collision . This calculation employed 1 ²A', 2 ²A' and 1 ²A" adiabatic PESs numerically calculated at the state-averaged multiconfigurational self-consistent field (SA-MCSCF)/configuration interaction (CI) level for several values of the H₂ bond length, H₂ orientation angle, and boron distance. The associated nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) were calculated from the SA-MCSCF/CI wave functions using analytic gradient techniques. A line integral through the NACTs was then used to determine the adiabatic-to-diabatic mixing angle required to transform from the 1 ²A' and 2 ²A' …

Analysis And Application Of The Bi-Directional Scatter Distribution Function Of Photonic Crystals, Robert B. Lamott

Theses and Dissertations

Photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic structures built from materials with different refractive indices repeated at sub-wavelength intervals, which results in unusual optical characteristics, including narrowband laser protection, and zero reflectance and high absorption anomalies. Most of the research into the optical properties of PCs has concentrated only on the small range of wavelengths and angles where these effects occur. To better understand where all light leaving a PC is scattered, a Complete Angle Scatter Instrument was used to analyze the scatter from three Guided Mode Resonance Filters designed for laser protection. In the plane of incidence, measurements of the scatter …

Separation Of Topographic Features From Magnetic Force Images Using Capacitive Coupling Effect, Byung I. Kim

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Separation of topographic features from magnetic images has been an issue for the past two decades in magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The frequent pickups of the topographic features are interpreted as transitions of the tip between bistable states of the tip-sample assembly in the noncontact and tapping regions. MFM using electrostatic force modulation demonstrates the separation of the topographic features from the magnetic images by removing the tapping state from the bistable states through the introduction of a capacitive coupling.

Diffraction Of X-Waves From Multiple Rectangular Slits In An Opaque Screen, Ahmed El Saeed El Halawani

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

First Measurement Of The Neutron Beta Asymmetry With Ultracold Neutrons, Robert W. Pattie, J. Anaya, Henning O. Back, J. G. Boissevain, Thomas J. Bowles, Leah J. Broussard, Richard Carr, D. J. Clark, Scott Currie, S. Du, Bradley W. Filippone, Peter Geltenbort, A. García, Ayman I. Hawari, Kevin P. Hickerson, R. Hill, M. Hino, S. A. Hoedl, Gary E. Hogan, Anthony T. Holley, Takeyasu M. Ito, T. Kawai, K. Kirch, S. Kitagaki, Steve K. Lamoreaux, Chenyu Liu, Jingyang Liu, Mark Makela, Russell R. Mammei, J. W. Martin, Daniel Melconian, N. Meier, Michael P. Mendenhall, Charles L. Morris, R. Mortensen, A. Pichlmaier, Margaret L. Pitt, Blakely Plaster, John C. Ramsey, Roger Rios, Konstantin Sabourov, A. L. Sallaska, Alexander Saunders, R. Schmid, Susan J. Seestrom, C. Servicky, Sky K. L. Sjue, D. Smith, Walter E. Sondheim, E. Tatar, W. Teasdale, Christopher R. Terai, B. Tipton, M. Utsuro, R. Bruce Vogelaar, Bernard Wehring, Y. P. Xu, Andrew R. Young, J. Yuan

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

Optical Properties And Magnetochromism In Multiferroic Bifeo3, X. S. Xu, T. V. Brinzari, S. Lee, Y. H. Chu, L. W. Martin, A. Kumar, S. Mcgill, R. C. Rai, R. Ramesh, V. Gopalan, S. W. Cheong, J. L. Musfeldt

Xiaoshan Xu Papers

In order to investigate spin-charge coupling in multiferroic oxides, we measured the optical properties of BiFeO₃. Although the direct 300 K charge gap is observed at 2.67 eV, absorption onset actually occurs at much lower energy with Fe³⁺ excitations at 1.41 and 1.90 eV. Temperature and magnetic-field-induced spectral changes reveal complex interactions between on-site crystal-field and magnetic excitations in the form of magnon sidebands. We employ the sensitivity of these magnon sidebands to map out the magnetic-fieldtemperature phase diagram which demonstrates optical evidence for spin spiral quenching above 20 T and suggests a spin domain reorientation near …

A Review Of Helium Hamiltonians, Carl W. David

Chemistry Education Materials

Helium Hamiltonian transformations are discussed in extreme detail.

Absence Of Spin Liquid Behavior In Nd3ga5sio14 Using Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy, X. S. Xu, T. V. Brinzari, S. Mcgill, H. D. Zhou, C. R. Wiebe, J. L. Musfeldt

Xiaoshan Xu Papers

We measured the low-lying crystal field levels of Nd³⁺ in Nd₃Ga₅SiO₁₄ via magneto-optical spectroscopy and employed the extracted energies, magnetic moments, and symmetries to analyze the magnetic properties and test the spin liquid candidacy of this material. The exchange interaction is surprisingly small, a discovery that places severe constraints on models used to describe the ground state of this system. Further, it demonstrates the value of local-probe photophysical techniques for rare-earthcontaining materials where bulk property measurements can be skewed by low-lying electronic structure.

Magnon Sidebands And Spin-Charge Coupling In Bismuth Ferrite Probed By Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy, M. O. Ramirez, A. Kumar, S. A. Denev, N. J. Podraza, X. S. Xu, R. C. Rai, Y. H. Chu, J. Seidel, L. W. Martin, S. -Y. Yang, E. Saiz, J. F. Ihlefeld, S. Lee, J. Klug, S. W. Cheong, M. J. Bedzyk, O. Auciello, D. G. Schlom, R. Ramesh, J. Orenstein, J. L. Musfeldt, V. Gopalan

Xiaoshan Xu Papers

The interplay between spin waves (magnons) and electronic structure in materials leads to the creation of additional bands associated with electronic energy levels which are called magnon sidebands. The large difference in the energy scales between magnons (meV) and electronic levels (eV) makes this direct interaction weak and hence makes magnon sidebands difficult to probe. Linear light absorption and scattering techniques at low temperatures are traditionally used to probe these sidebands. Here we show that optical secondharmonic generation, as the lowest-order nonlinear process, can successfully probe the magnon sidebands at room temperature and up to 723 K in bismuth ferrite, …

Partial Ion Yield Sspectroscopy Around The Cl 2p And C 1s Ionization Thresholds In Cf3cl, D. Ceolin, Maria Novella Piancastelli, Wayne C. Stolte, Dennis W. Lindle

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

We present a partial ion yield experiment on freon 13, CF₃Cl, excited in the vicinity of the C 1s and Cl 2p ionization thresholds. We have collected a large amount of cationic fragments and a few anionic fragments at both edges. We have observed a strong intensity dependence of Rydberg transitions with ion fragment size for the CF_nCl⁺ and CF_n⁺/F⁺ (n=0–3) series at both the Cl 2p and C 1s ionization edges. Selectivity in the fragmentation processes involving the C–Cl and C–F bonds are highlighted by the intensities of the C …

Anisotropic Magnetoresistance And Planar Hall Effect In Epitaxial Films Of La0.7ca0.3mno3, N. Naftalis, Y. Bason, J. Hoffman, X. Hong, C. H. Ahn, L. Klein

Xia Hong Publications

We measured the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and the planar Hall effect (PHE) in a [001] oriented epitaxial thin film of La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (LCMO) as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and current direction relative to the crystal axes. We find that both AMR and PHE in LCMO depend strongly on the current orientation relative to the crystal axes, and we demonstrate the applicability of AMR and PHE equations based on a fourth order magnetoresistance tensor consistent with the film symmetry.

High-Mobility Few-Layer Graphene Field Effect Transistors Fabricated On Epitaxial Ferroelectric Gate Oxides, X. Hong, A. Posadas, K. Zou, C. H. Ahn, J. Zhu

Xia Hong Publications

The carrier mobility μ of few-layer graphene (FLG) field-effect transistors increases tenfold when the SiO₂ substrate is replaced by single-crystal epitaxial Pb(Zr_0.2Ti_0:8)O₃ (PZT). In the electron-only regime of the FLG, μ reaches 7 X 10⁴ cm² / Vs at 300 K for n = 2.4 X 10¹²=cm², 70% of the intrinsic limit set by longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons; it increases to 1.4 X 10⁵ cm² / Vs at low temperature. The temperature-dependent resistivity p(T) reveals a clear signature of LA phonon scattering, yielding …

Quantum Scattering Time And Its Implications On Scattering Sources In Graphene, X. Hong, K. Zou, J. Zhu

Xia Hong Publications

We determine the quantum scattering time T_q in six graphene samples with mobility of 4 400<μ <17 000 cm² /V s over a wide range of carrier density (1.2<n<6X10¹²/cm2). T_q derived from Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation ranges ~25–74 fs, corresponding to a single-particle level broadening of 4.5–13 meV. The ratio of the transport to quantum scattering time T_t /T_q spans 1.5–5.1 in these samples, which can be quantitatively understood combining scattering from short-ranged centers and charged impurities located within 2 nm of the graphene sheet. Our results suggest that charges residing on the SiO …

Electron Attachment To Trans-Azobenzene, Alberto Modelli, Paul Burrow

Paul Burrow Publications

The temporary anion states of gas-phase trans-azobenzene are characterized by means of electron transmission spectroscopy (ETS) in the 0–6 eV range. The measured energies of vertical electron attachment are compared with the energies of the π* virtual orbitals of the neutral molecule supplied by HF (at MP2 optimized geometries) and B3LYP calculations. The calculated energies, scaled with empirical equations, reproduce quantitatively the energies of the corresponding spectral features and predict a positive vertical electron affinity of 0.83 eV.

The total anion current at the walls of the collision chamber and the mass-selected molecular anion current are also reported as …

Monoclinic Optical Constants, Birefringence, And Dichroism Of Slanted Titanium Nanocolumns Determined By Generalized Ellipsometry, Daniel Schmidt, Benjamin Booso, Tino Hofmann, Eva Schubert, Andrew Sarangan, Mathias Schubert

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry determines the principal monoclinic optical constants of thin films consisting of slanted titanium nanocolumns deposited by glancing angle deposition under 85° incidence and tilted from the surface normal by 47°. Form birefringence measured for wavelengths from 500 to 1000 nm renders the Ti nanocolumns monoclinic absorbing crystals with c-axis along the nanocolumns, b-axis parallel to the film interface, and 67.5° monoclinic angle between the aand c-axes. The columnar thin film reveals anomalous optical dispersion, extreme birefringence, strong dichroism, and differs completely from bulk titanium. Characteristic bulk interband transitions are absent in the spectral range investigated.

Computational Modeling Studies Of The Structures And Properties Of Organotin(Iv) And Stannyl-Thioether Systems With Comparisons To X-Ray Crystallography, Michelle R. Stem Joseph

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Controlling the toxic effects of organotin(IV) compounds involves engineering the structure of the molecules to optimize their properties. Molecular engineering, coupled with improved capabilities to generate reliable computational optimization models (COMs), will enable researchers to have greater success at harnessing the highly specific cytotoxicity of organotins. For example, as the thio_n ligand phenyl groups were replaced with Cl atoms, the S-Sn intramolecularity was strengthened, the bond distance decreased, and the stannyl tetrahedral structure was deformed from its triphenyl conformation. With each substitution, conformation deformations lowered the damaging bioactivity levels of thio_n. Bonding various ligands to organotin(IV) compounds …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Homoleptic And Heteroleptic Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes, Anwar A. Bhuiyan, S. Kudo, C. Wade, R. F. Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The homoleptic ruthenium(II) complex Ru(C13H10N2)3(PF6)2, and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes Ru(C13H10N2)2(C10H8N2)(PF6)2, and Ru(C13H10N2)(C10H8N2)2(PF6)2 have been prepared by following the standard synthetic procedure. These complexes were then purified by repeated column chromatography. The identity and the integrity of the complexes were confirmed by elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The calculated and the experimental values for the elemental analysis were in good agreement. The calculated and the experimental molar masses obtained were also identical. Ultravioletvisible absorption and emission spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the properties of these complexes. The absorption spectra of all complexes consist of a series of absorption bands in …

Laser Desorption From A Room Temperature Ionic Liquid, Peter Ronald Harris

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

We report laser desorption from a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) as a novel source for time of flight mass spectrometry. We use the 2nd harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser to deposit intensities of 1-50 MW/cm2 via backside illumination onto our RTIL desorption sample. A microstructured metal grid situated on top of a glass microscope slide coated with RTIL serves as our desorption sample. The RTIL we use, 1-Butyl, 3-Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate, remains liquid at pressures below 10-8 torr. The use of liquid desorption sample allows for improved surface conditions, homogeneity and sample life as compared to Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption …

Experimental Study Of The Response Of Semiconductor Detectors For Edxrf Analysis., Sunil Kumar Valaparla

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This present work relates to the study and characterization of the response function of an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer. The problems of energy, efficiency and resolution calibration of the system operating in the energy (5-60 keV) range are discussed. We present the operation characteristics of the portable pyro-electric x-ray generator (COOL-X) and the application of the calibrated response spectrum in the elemental analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF).

We study the response of the Si(Li)-Pin XR-100CR semiconductor detector to low energy photons. The photopeak efficiency was determined experimentally by using radioisotopes and compared against a theoretical efficiency curve. The efficiency for gamma …

Yttrium And Hydrogen Superstructure And Correlation Of Lattice Expansion And Proton Conductivity In The Bazr0.9y0.1o2.95 Proton Conductor, A. Braun, A. Ovalle, V. Pomjakushin, A. Cervellino, S. Erat, Wayne C. Stolte, T. Graule

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Bragg reflections in Y-resonant x-ray diffractograms of BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O_2.95 (BZY10) reveal that Y is organized in a superstructure. Comparison with neutron diffraction superstructure reflections in protonated/deuterated BZY10 suggests that both superstructures are linked, and that protons move in the landscape imposed by the Y. The thermal lattice expansion decreases abruptly for protonated BZY10 at T≥648±20 K, coinciding with the onset of lateral proton diffusion and suggesting a correlation of structural changes and proton conductivity. The chemical shift in the Y L₁-shell x-ray absorption spectra reveals a reduction from Y³⁺ toward Y²⁺ upon …

The Use Of A Lock-In Amplifier To Stabilize The Frequency Of A Laser Diode, Jose M. Juarez

College Honors Program

We have designed, constructed, and tested a lock-in amplifier with readily available electronic components and homebuilt analog circuits. Its performance is comparable to that of a commercial unit, but it costs significantly less and is much more compact. The various components of our lock-in amplifier are discussed and the basic principles behind the function and operation of this versatile device are explained. We have also assembled a laser system and used the output signal of our lock-in amplifier in a negative feedback loop to stabilize the frequency of our laser to an atomic reference frequency.

The Effect Of Realistic Focal Conditions On Strong -Field Double Ionization, Jay Paul Paquette

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In recent years, a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the ionization processes that result from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with multielectron atoms. However, due to experimental limitations, the effect of the laser field's spatial dependence on strong-field processes has rarely been investigated. Presented in this work is a theoretical analysis of this spatial dependence including a proposal for an experimentally observable result of the phenomenon. We begin by outlining the elements of the laser field that will vary as a function of position and show their effects on simple free electron trajectories. We …

Comparative Study Of Forward And Diffusely Scattered Light In A Coherently Prepared Ultracold Rubidium Gas, Rocio Gisel Olave Gonzalez

Physics Theses & Dissertations

A comparison between forward and diffusely scattered light propagating in a coherently prepared ultracold ⁸⁷Rb atomic vapor is presented. This research is part of the ongoing effort to characterize the processes, such as diffusion, that contribute to coherence loss in atomic media under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency, for applications in realistic systems. Toward this end, a magneto optical trap (MOT) of ⁸⁷Rb has been built, and the atomic vapor sample characterized in terms of atomic density, shape and size, temperature, and optical depth. Next, two co-propagating beams were sent through the sample, to establish an electromagnetically induced …

Light Scattering In Ultracold High Density Rubidium Vapor, Salim Balik

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Recent developments in laser cooling and trapping opened the door to a world full of new opportunities for research in atomic, molecular and optical physics as well as condensed matter physics. It became possible to do experiments under conditions that are hard to achieve in condensed matter systems but recently have been observed in atomic systems. Bose Einstein Condensation, the Mott insulator transition, and superfluidity are examples of such achievements. Another considerable interest to both condensed matter and atomic physics is Anderson localization of light. The localization phenomenon is named after P. W. Anderson who suggested the possibility of localization …

Precise Measurement Of The Neutron Magnetic Form Factor Gnm In The Few-Gev² Region, Clas Collaboration, J. Lachniet, H. Bagdasaryan, S. Bültmann, N. Kalantarians, G. E. Dodge, T. A. Forest, G. Gavalian, C. E. Hyde-Wright, A. Klien, S. E. Kuhn, M. R. Niroula, R. A. Niyazov, L. M. Qin, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The neutron elastic magnetic form factor was extracted from quasielastic electron scattering on deuterium over the range Q² = 1.0–4.8  GeV² with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. High precision was achieved with a ratio technique and a simultaneous in situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency. Neutrons were detected with electromagnetic calorimeters and time-of-flight scintillators at two beam energies. The dipole parametrization gives a good description of the data

Imaging-Based Parametric Resonance In An Optical Dipole-Atom Trap, S. Balik, A. L. Win, M. D. Havey

Physics Faculty Publications

We report sensitive detection of parametric resonances in a high-density sample of ultracold ⁸⁷Rb atoms confined to a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap. Fluorescence imaging of the expanded ultracold atom cloud after a period of parametric excitation shows significant modification of the atomic spatial distribution and has high sensitivity compared with traditional measurements of parametrically driven trap loss. Using this approach, a significant shift of the parametric resonance frequency is observed and attributed to the anharmonic shape of the dipole trap potential. 2009 The American Physical Society.