Oceanography Commons^™

Underwater Image Enhancement Algorithm For Dual Color Spaces, Xingsheng Shen, Yalin Song, Shichang Li, Xiaoshu Hu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Targeting issues related to low contrast, blurring, and loss of detail prevalent in underwater image enhancement algorithms, we propose a dual-color space multiscale residual network (DMR-SCNet) based on SCNet. First, we introduce the HSV color space feature extraction module, which aims to optimize the color representation and saturation of underwater images. Subsequently, we propose the RGB color space denoising module, which focuses on repairing the content and structure of underwater images to enhance their clarity and visual quality. Finally, by designing the residual attention (RAB) module, we aim to further refine the detailed representation and feature extraction of underwater images. …

A Novel Identity Authentication Mechanism For Unmanned Maritime Vessels Communication Based On Mitre Att&Ck Framework, Junxian He, Shih-Hao Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

With the development of the smart shipping industry, unmanned vessel technology is rapidly evolving, accompanied by a demand for robust Internet of Things (IoT) communication security practices. Key communication technologies for the operation of unmanned vessels include external vessel communication. One crucial aspect is the verification of the identities of the parties involved in these communication systems, as this ensures secure and trusted interactions between unmanned vessels and port management authorities. Identity authentication plays a vital role in ensuring the secure communication of unmanned vessels.This paper aims to analyze potential risks related to identity authentication technology in unmanned vessel communication …

Corrigendum To “Applicability Of Reducing Valve Timing Overlap For Diesel Engines Under High Exhaust Back Pressure”

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

No abstract provided.

Distribution And Population Structure Of Corallivorous Drupella Snails In The Coral Reefs Of Kenting In Taiwan, Chih-Jui Tan, Dun-Ru Kang, Li-Lian Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The corallivorous Drupella snails are common predators of living hard corals in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and they can significantly threaten coral reef ecosystems when outbreaks occur. In Taiwan, a Drupella outbreak, which resulted in the dramatic decline of Acropora and Montipora corals, was reported in Penghu in 2002 – 2009. However, the Drupella species involved was not identified, and no further research has been conducted. To obtain current knowledge on the predation pressure of corallivorous snails on hard corals, we investigated benthic communities and the distribution and population structure of Drupella snails in the coral reefs of Kenting, Taiwan. The …

Evaluating The Connectivity Reliability Of The Seaborne Transportation Network Using Uncertainty Theory, Tianshou Liu, Haiyang Bian, Lin Feng, Chenyang Fan, Chaojun Ding, Grifoll Manel, Hongxiang Feng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The shipping network serves as the backbone of international trade. However, due to unstable geopolitical conditions, unexpected events have occurred frequently in recent years that have impacted the global shipping supply chain, and this has placed enormous pressure and had adverse effects on seaborne transportation. To measure the reliability of the global shipping network under unexpected events, we abstract the global shipping network into a small world network using uncertainty theory. A method is proposed for selecting (i) the optimal reliable path and (ii) the optimal reliable path with a maximum measurement under different confidence intervals. Our approach is then …

Mechanical Property Analysis And Three-Dimensional Reverse Reconstruction Based On Corrosion Pit Characteristics Of Strong Corrosion Steel Plate, Qiujun Ning, Xiaosong Lu, Jiawei Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To investigate the strong corrosion effect of 36% industrial hydrochloric acid on Q370 steel for bridges at room temperature. The surface morphology variations of the Q370 steel for bridges with corrosion time were measured and analyzed using a three-dimensional non-contact scanning profilometer. Subsequently, the standard monotonic tensile test was carried out to obtain the load-displacement curve and analyze the mechanical properties of the heavily corroded steel. Moreover, the constitutive model parameters of the heavily corroded steel were optimized. Furthermore, the heavily corroded steel model base on the actual corroded surface morphology was established, employing three-dimensional reverse reconstruction technology and finite …

Sea Ice Identification And Risk Assessment For Navigation In Ice Regions Based On Shipboard Camera Images, Tsung-Hsuan Hsieh, Xuan Lu, Shengzheng Wang, Wei Liu, Jianan Luo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In order to guarantee the safe navigation of vessels in icy regions and effectively capture sea ice risk information surrounding ships, this study introduces a sea ice identification and risk assessment process utilizing shipboard camera images. Firstly, based on the distribution characteristics of sea area, a hierarchical region segmentation algorithm is proposed to precisely remove interference factors and extract the region of interest. Then, a multivariate K-means clustering algorithm is proposed to classify sea ice classes based on various characteristics, including spatial similarity, sea ice area, sea ice thickness, gray scale, and other multivariate information. Finally, a method for small …

Optimization On Container Drayage Scheduling In Stochastic Time-Dependent Network, Qi Xu, Jie Huang, Xingyue Chen, Rui Cheng, Xiangyu Yin, Zhongzhen Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To ensure a reliable operation of container drayage transport system, this paper investigates the drayage scheduling problem in a stochastic time-dependent network. Based on the theory of the robust optimization, a mathematical model considering the attributes of “synchronized operation of multi machines” is built with the aim of minimization of the schedule delay in the whole system. A Simulated Annealing algorithm with Embedded Heuristics (SAEH) is designed for model solution. Comparisons between the results from the robust optimization and traditional expected value approach, and the results from the SAEH and CPLEX are conducted. Based on that, the effectiveness of our …

Offshore Vertical Axis Wind-Photovoltaic Power Plants: Development And Case Study, Victor V. Cheboxarov, Pavel N. Kuznetsov, Shun-Han Yang, Shiu-Wu Chau

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper examines the potential for the development and implementation of hybrid wind-solar power plants utilizing large-scale offshore vertical-axis wind turbines. The proposed solution aims to increase energy production and reliability through the integration of photovoltaic modules directly into the wind turbine structure. Schematics of photovoltaic modules on the upper annular surface of the respective wind turbine are considered. The operation of the hybrid power plant is described. Equations to estimate the power characteristics of the plant are given. The case study analyzes the potential energy production of a hybrid marine power plant with a diameter of 200 m at …

Harvest By Autoflocculation, Biomass, And Carotenoid Production In Sequential Batch Culture Of Haematococcus Pluvialis Under High Ionic Strength And Macroelements Content, J. Galán-González, I. Quintero-Zapata, M Elías-Santos, L.J. Galán-Wong, U.J. López-Chuken, C Guajardo-Barbosa, J.C Beltrán-Rocha

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Haematococcus pluvialis is a microalga with significant potential due to its capacity to produce carotenoids with antioxidant and nutraceutical benefits. However, the cost of harvesting this microalga, constituting over 30% of total expenses in large-scale production, is a major concern. Efficient flocculation, aiding in cell separation from the culture medium, is crucial to address this issue. The study contrasted Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) with Lopez-Chuken & Young nutrient solution (LC-Y). The heightened salt content in LC-Y plays a crucial role in fostering saline stress, which is essential for evaluating H. pluvialis flocculation, biomass yield, and carotenoid production. To assess stability …

Research Progress On Ship Trajectory Prediction In Marine Transportation, Xiangen Bai, Kai Ye, Xiaofeng Xu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The prediction of ship navigation trajectories is crucial for ensuring maritime navigation safety and forecasting risk. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the prediction of ship navigation trajectories at home and abroad, and some results have been achieved. At present, most research on ship navigation trajectory prediction relies heavily on automatic identification system (AIS) data and the historical trajectories of ships. This study first reviews the research background and current situation of ship navigation trajectory prediction. Second, it provides an overview of ship navigation trajectory prediction, with an emphasis on sorting out and elaborating on artificial intelligence …

Numerical Investigations On Particle Collection And Discharge Of Rounded Rectangle Aquaculture Tank In Dual-Diagonal-Inlet Layout, Xiaozhong Ren, Shupeng Du, Hangfei Liu, Xianying Shi, Meng Li, Xian Wang, Suping Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To improve the space utilization rate of aquaculture tanks in aquaculture facilities and investigate the effect of the length-width ratio parameter (abbr. L/W, with L being the length of the tank and W being its width) on the particle collection and discharge characteristics of the rounded rectangle aquaculture tank with diagonal double inlet pipes. The study simulates the particle discharge procedure of the tank using a solidliquid two-phase numerical model (discrete phase model and RNG k-ε turbulence model adopted). The validity of the numerical model was confirmed through physical experiments. The simulation results for two jet condition indicate that when …

A Preliminary Study On Floating Flexible Otec Cold Water Pipe, Nai Kuang Liang, Hai Kuan Peng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) requires a large amount of cold seawater. The traditional rigid pipe, semi-rigidly fixed onto the ship bottom is not easy to install and disassemble, so the Floating Flexible Cold Water Pipe (FFCWP) flexibly connected to the ship is proposed. A small FFCWP was designed, fabricated, and successfully installed and recovered in the sea. The flexible pipe adopts commercially available fire ventilation snake pipe. The pipe wall material strength must be improved in the future. Assuming that the drag coefficient Cd value is 1.5, a numerical calculation is employed to simulate the FFCWP attitude from the …

Machine Learning With Multi-Source Data To Predict And Explain Marine Pilot Occupational Accidents, Gokhan Camliyurt, Youngsoo Park, Daewon Kim, Won Sik Kang, Sangwon Park

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Marine pilot occupational accidents during transfer to/from ships are the primary concern of the International Marine Pilots’ Association (IMPA) and industry professionals. There are multiple transfer methods for marine pilots, with the most common being the pilot boat. To reach the mother ship bridge, the following stages must be safely completed: car transfer, walking on the pier, pier to pilot boat, pilot transfer by boat, cutter to pilot ladder, mother ship freeboard climbing, and ship deck to the bridge. Each stage has its own risk. Previous accident records and expert opinions are commonly used to conduct a risk analysis and …

Evaluation Of Operational Performance Of Wusongkou Cruise Port Through Network Data Envelopment Analysis, Qian-Feng Wang, Guo-Ya Gan, Xin-Liang Ye, Hsuan-Shih Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

As major hubs for cruise berthing and passenger transfers, cruise ports in China were developing rapidly in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic because of an ever-growing regional market. Wusongkou Cruise Port is the most important port for cruise ships in China, and this study evaluated the operational performance of this port during 2011–2020. To this end, two-stage network data envelopment analysis was conducted to evaluate the port’s operation performance; subsequently, the change trajectory of the port’s operational efficiency during 2011–2020 was determined, and the potential reasons for the identified changes are discussed. Finally, suggestions for improving the operational performance …

Biophysical Factors Affecting Habitat Suitability For Crassostrea Virginica, Jason D. Tilley

Dissertations

Oyster reefs provide a variety of important ecosystem services. However, the mortality rate of eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the dominant species that produces oyster reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico, is increasing at an alarming rate due to a variety of abiotic and biological factors. I examined how biophysical factors, including the less-studied fatty acid profiles of the suspended particulate matter on which oysters feed, influenced morphometric condition of C. virginica.

I sampled suspended particulate matter (SPM) and oysters in-situ in the western Mississippi Sound, which historically supported the majority of oyster production in Mississippi waters. Sampling …

The Relationship Between Biofouling Adhesion And Frequency Of Mechanical Cleaning To Control The Recruitment To Clear Coatings, Dylan Thomas Eggers

Theses and Dissertations

There is a need to control biofouling on sensors and transparent windows in the marine environment. Clear silicone coatings offer a method to reduce the adhesion strength of marine organisms to the surface, however, these also require mechanical cleaning to maintain the surfaces free of fouling. This research evaluated the performance of eighty seven formulations and took the top two candidates to investigate a) the frequencies of wiping required by a brush to maintain two coatings and uncoated glass surfaces free of fouling and b) the effects of clear silicone coatings fouling release properties on required frequencies. The panels were …

Interactions Between Sediment Mechanical Structure And Infaunal Community Structure Following Physical Disturbance, William Cyrus Roger Clemo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)

Shallow, river-influenced coastal sediments are important for global carbon storage and nutrient cycling and provide a habitat for diverse communities of invertebrates (infauna). Elevated bed shear stress from extreme storms can resuspend, transport, and deposit sediments, disrupting the cohesive structure of muds, and sorting and depositing sand eroded from beaches. These physical disruptions can also resuspend or smother infauna, decreasing abundances and changing community structure. Infaunal activities such as burrowing, tube construction, and feeding can impact sediment structure and stability. However, little is known about how physical disturbance impacts short and long-term sediment habitat suitability and whether disturbance-tolerant infauna influence …

State Of The Fisheries: Status Reports And Aquatic Resources Of Western Australia 2022/23, S.J. Newman, K.G. Santoro, D.J. Gaughan

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Aquatic resources within Western Australia (WA) are in good condition, and this has positioned WA as a global leader in sustainable fisheries management. The sustainable fisheries of WA continue to support our strong economy and regional communities. Nonetheless, the lack of a consistent approach to build in the knowledge of Traditional Owners remains a gap in our longer term fisheries science in Western Australia.

Climate change and climate variability continues to impact fish stocks, challenging our ability to effectively monitor, assess, and manage fish stocks. We are continually working with our stakeholders, and the broader community to be adaptive, responsive, …

Smart Sounding Table Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, Osman Ünal, Nuri Akkaş

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Marine engineers measure the liquid level (sounding depth) to calculate the volumetric content of a ship's tank. The sounding depth is determined using an ullage pipe located at specific points on the tanks. To estimate the accurate volume of liquid, considering the ship's trim and heel conditions, engineers use a tank table (sounding table) consisting of hundreds of pages. However, this method is time-consuming and lacks intermediate values for sounding depth, trim, and heel. Ship designers recommend to use linear interpolation for intermediate values, yet this process is also time-consuming. This paper proposes the implementation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference …

Case Study Of Coastal Erosion And Measures At Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan, Tai-Wen Hsu, Yi-Tse Tu, Jen-Yi Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper examines major factors of coastal erosion and measures against beach erosion at Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan. Typical examples of coastal erosion due to natural or man-made factors are reviewed. Case studies of countermeasure for beach erosion are addressed. We further analyze and discuss historical shoreline and coastal cliff recession as a result of the attack of storm surges and waves. The coastline mainly made up of cliffs (2-3m high), made of soft, easily eroded boulder sand and clay. In total, 3km of land have been lost since 1951, including villages and farm buildings. The most important impacts of beach …

Wearable Sensor-Based Walkability Assessment At Ferry Terminal Using Machine Learning: A Case Study Of Mokpo, Korea, Jungyeon Choi, Hwayoung Kim

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Walkability assessments are becoming more popular, as walking offers numerous health, environmental, and economic benefits to communities. However, previous studies on ferry terminal walkability assessment have been inadequate. This study aimed to develop a wearable sensor system to automatically assess walkability at ferry terminals without conducting surveys. We applied seven machine learning (ML) classifiers to detect different walking environments, including flat ground (FG), downhill slope (DS), uphill slope (US), and uneven surface (UE). The ML models were evaluated across different combinations of classes: 2-class (FG vs. UE), 3-class (U) (FG vs. US vs. UE), 3-class (D) (FG vs. DS vs. …

Application Of Blockchain Technology In Aquaculture Management, Yu-Jen Pan, Hsin-Pei Shieh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In recent years, food safety has become a growing concern in Taiwanese society. To ensure efficient management of the supply chain within the L Aquatic Products company, it is imperative to employ reliable technical support in establishing an effective traceability management system. The traceability of products can provide managers with valuable insight into the intricacies of the supply chain. By establishing a dependable food traceability system, brand trust can be strengthened, and consumers can inquire about the movement of aquatic products within the supply chain. Blockchain technology offers features such as traceability, accountability, transparency, reliability, trust, privacy, and security, making …

Production Of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Cement: Energy And Carbon Reduction Efficiency Of Cement-Grinding System, Kuan-Hung Lin, Chung-Chia Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study used clinker, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and gypsum in a cement-grinding system to produce GGBS cement (GCE). Gypsum was used as the alkaline activator to modify the surface area of GCE and increase its compressive strength. The results revealed that the use of the gypsum activator and the modification of the surface area of GCE effectively increased the formerly inadequate compressive strength of GCE (GGBS > 60%) in the early stage. In addition, energy consumption data were obtained during the production of GCE and Portland cement (PCE) by the cement-grinding system. The calculations concerning the production proportions indicated …

The Uses And Limitations Of Citizen Science For Monitoring The Australian Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias Taurus) Population, Leah Corckran

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

iNaturalist is a citizen science photographic database, which is an underutilized resource in photographic identification research studies. Grey nurse sharks are critically endangered and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the estimated population size, longevity, and interactions with fisheries of this species off the coasts of Australia. To determine how photos submitted to iNaturalist can be used in Carcharias taurus conservation, the photographs were evaluated on a number of criteria including: location, date, visibility of spot patterns, visible sex characteristics, and visible injuries. In total, 814 photographs of grey nurse sharks were obtained from the iNaturalist database. Only 23.2% …

On The Rocks, Below The Rocks: A Study Of Intertidal Life In The Low, Middle And High Zones Of The Puerto Cabuyal – Punta San Clemente Marine Reserve During An El Niño Event, Juliana M. Ferrer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The rocky intertidal zone is one of the most difficult environments for organisms to survive in due to its harsh biotic and abiotic conditions. As such, it is also one of the best indicators of climate change and an important barrier to beach erosion. This study looked at the rocky intertidal zone of the Puerto Cabuyal-Punta San Clemente Marine Reserve in the Manabí province of Ecuador, with a focus on observing and identifying the organisms found in the area. Data was collected along 30 m transects at varying elevations along the shore using quadrants of two sizes: 50x50 cm for …

Reef Fish Wariness Behavior: Fish Flight Initiation Distance Mediated By Territoriality And Body Size In Three Reef Sites Off The Western Coast Of Isla Colón, Bocas Del Toro, Panamá, Alina G. Irvine

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Coral reefs are highly productive and diverse underwater ecosystems, providing a variety of environmental services including sand generation, nutrient processing, fish supply, and tourism. However, coral reefs have been increasingly impacted by natural and anthropogenic disturbances, which has negatively affected fish security within their environment. A significant observation is the reduction in evasive behaviors among reef fish in marine reserves compared to those exposed to anthropogenic threats. The present research aims to investigate the factors mediating fish wariness behavior through an exploration of the roles of territoriality and body size on fish flight initiation distance (FID). FID is the distance …

Við Pollurinn: The Effects Of Human-Caused Stimuli On Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina) In Ísafjörður, Ella Jorgensen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Harbor seals are important for the health of Iceland’s marine ecosystems. They are normally seen hauled-out onto land to rest. There are many factors that affect the haul-out patterns of harbor seals including location, season, time of day, tide height, weather, and human-caused stimuli. The presence of human-caused stimuli can also have a negative impact on haul-out patterns and behaviors. The Icelandic harbor seal population is threatened as it has been declining since 1980. Climate change and the rise of tourism in Iceland may be a factor contributing to this decline; and there is a gap in knowledge on the …

Flujos De Servicios Ecosistémicos En Un Área Marina Protegida Del Atlántico Sur: Perspectivas Desde El Análisis De La Teoría De Redes, Mitch Porter

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

En cuestiones de gestión de áreas protegidas, los servicios ecosistémicos se tienen cada vez más en cuenta junto con la conservación de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, las decisiones que se toman sobre la conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos no suelen incluir los posibles efectos en cascada de la pérdida de biodiversidad sobre la provisión de servicios. Los conocimientos de la teoría de redes y los estudios de robustez pueden proporcionar una metodología para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de estos servicios frente la estructura trófica de los ecosistemas que los proveen. A través de una serie de simulaciones de extinción para la …

Organism Communities On Giant Clam Shells As Compared To The Surrounding Substrate In Reefs Around Lizard Island, Queensland, Gayatri Singla

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Coral reef ecosystems are facing destruction at the hands of anthropogenic climate change. Therefore, it is essential that we move to better understand the ecosystem functions of the organisms present in reefs. One such family whose ecosystem function we are unfamiliar with are the giant clams (family Cardiidae). As unique and abundant macrofauna, they have the potential to play an important role in their environment. The goal of our study was to determine how giant clams function as settlement substrata. We conducted 151 observational surveys of epibionts residing on living giant clam shells and of the organism communities in the …