Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Investigation Of Gravity Waves Via The Rotational Temperature Of Hydroxyl Nightglow, Erin C. Willingham

Theses and Dissertations

Measurement of the vibration and rotation bands of mesospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) has been conducted during the past two decades using ground-based and space-based interferometers to take temperature and wind measurements from 70-100km in altitude. Gravity waves that pass through the mesosphere can be measured by determining the variance over time of the rotational temperature of the OH emissions. Several attempts were made to take spectrum measurements of the nightglow from hydroxyl radicals in the mesosphere using a custom hardware configuration that included a telescope and grating monochrometer optimized for the visible and near infrared. Quantifying gravity wave activity was …

Gravity Wave Propagation Directions Inferred From Satellite Observations Including Smearing Effects, Jason S. Brown, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

We simulate space-based, sublimb viewing observations of airglow brightness fluctuations caused by atmospheric gravity wave interactions with the O2 atmospheric airglow, and we demonstrate that because of the geometry associated with such observations, the brightness fluctuations observed for the optically thick 0–0 band emission will always appear stronger for waves traveling toward the observer (the satellite). The effect should be most noticeable for waves having relatively small vertical wavelengths (∼10 km) and horizontal wavelengths of 50 km or greater. For waves of short (∼100 km) horizontal wavelength, the brightness fluctuation anisotropy with respect to viewing direction may also be evident …

Secular Variations Of Oi 5577 Å Airglow In The Mesopause Region Induced By Transient Gravity Wave Packets, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. L. Walterscheid

Publications

We employ a 2-dimensional, time-dependent, fully nonlinear model of minor species in the mesopause region and our Spectral Full-Wave Model to simulate the response of minor species and the OI 5577 Å airglow to a gravity wave packet in the mesopause region. Gravity waves affect the time-averaged distribution of minor species in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region through constituent fluxes induced by violation of the non-acceleration conditions due to wave transience and dissipation. In addition, wave perturbed chemistry can induce a flux of chemically active species. Simulations are performed with nominal values of eddy diffusion coefficients in the …

Demonstration Of Best Management Practices For The Protection And Improvement Of The Soil And Water Resources In The Arkansas Delta, M. A. Henslee, W. H. Baker, S. D. Carroll, J. L. Farris, S. D. Davis, C. D. Milam, J. L. Pierce

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

This report is the compilation of a multi~year project that was directed at identifying the impact and possible mitigation solutions of non-point pollution from row crop agriculture in a watershed in the Arkansas Delta. The first part of the project involved an inventory of the condition of the major streams that make up the study watershed. The remainder of the project was focused at demonstrating and reporting best management nutrient and sediment runoff control practices (BMP) that could be implemented. The final assessment of the demonstration work is a GIS analysis that provides an overview of the effectiveness of these …

Geographic Information Systems Tools For Collecting And Accessing Arctic Bathymetry: International Bathymetric Chart Of The Arctic Ocean, Martin Jakobsson

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Study Of The Bencubbin Townsite, Cahit Yesertener, P Lacey, Shawan Dogramaci, F Lewis, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia. Rural Towns Program, Ali S. Mahtab, S Sharafi

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study of the townsite of Bencubbin. It aimed to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management options. The study consisted of drilling investation and installation of a piezometer network, groundwater flow modelling and a flood risk analysis.

Karst Genetic Model For The French Bay Breccia Deposits, San Salvador, Bahamas, Lee J. Florea, John Mylroie, Jim Carew

Earth, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Study Of The Pingrup Townsite, D Pollock, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, Louise Hopgood, F Lewis, Ali S. Mahtab, Anthony D. Barr, Muhammad J. Siddiqi, Ron Colman

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study was carried out in the townsite of Pingrup. It aimed to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity risk management. The study consisted of a drilling investigation and expansion of a piezometer network, a pumping test, groundwater flow modelling and a flood risk analysis.

Gross Brain Morphology In The Yellow Stingray, Urobatis Jamaicensis, Brian K. Walker, Robin L. Sherman

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (family Urolophidae), a short-lived, relatively small elasmobranch species (35--40 cm total length), is a common inhabitant of hard bottom and coral reef communities in southeastern Florida and many parts of the Caribbean. A paucity of published studies deal with the yellow stingray, none however on the gross morphology of its nervous system. The gross brain structure of the yellow stingray is compared with previously published studies on other batoid elasmobranchs. The external brain structure of Urobatis jamaicensis was similar to that reported for other Dasyatids, including presence of an asymmetric cerebellum. The bilaterally symmetric brain …

Retrieval And Validation Of Mesospheric Temperatures From Wind Imaging Interferometer Observations, M G. Shepherd, B Reid, S Zhang, B H. Solheim, G G. Shepherd, Vincent B. Wickwar, Joshua P. Herron

All Physics Faculty Publications

A method has been developed for the retrieval of mesospheric temperatures in the 65–90 km altitude range from satellite observations made by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Retrieved temperatures are derived from Rayleigh scattered sunlight observed in a wavelength band centered at 553 nm. Integrated line-of-sight radiance observations are inverted to tangent height volume scattering profiles, which are proportional to atmospheric density. From these, absolute temperature profiles are calculated using a technique derived from established Rayleigh lidar retrieval methods assuming that the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium and that it obeys the ideal …

Market Assessment Of Forward-Looking Turbulence Sensing Systems, Paul Kauffmann, Andres Sousa-Poza

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

[Executive Summary] This study examined the feasibility of the next generation of forward sensing turbulence systems for the Part 121 market segment: Enhanced X band radar, LIDAR, and a product that combines these first two technologies. Highlights of the findings include:

• On an annual basis, Part 121 carriers experience at least 567.8 turbulence related injury events that result in 687 minor flight attendant injuries, 38.4 serious flight attendant injuries, 119.5 minor passenger injuries, and 17.1 serious passenger injuries.
• The expected cost of turbulence injuries to airlines is $164,286 for a serious flight attendant injury, $25,000 for a minor flight attendant …

Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Broward County, Fl 2001 Report, Curtis M. Burney, Stefanie Ouellette

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

Mesospheric Temperature Observationsat The Usu / Cass Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (Alo), Vincent B. Wickwar, T D. Wilkerson, M Hammond, Joshua P. Herron

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences (CASS) at Utah State University (USU) operates the ALO for studying the middle atmosphere from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. ALO’s mid-latitude location (41.74°N, 111.81°W, 1466 m) is very unique in that it is in the middle of an extensive set of rugged mountains, the Rocky Mountains, which are a major orographic source of gravity waves that may give rise to a longitudinal variation in the mesospheric structure. Mesospheric observations between approximately 45 and 90 km have been carried out on many clear nights with the ALO Rayleigh- scatter lidar since late …

The Maximum Extent Of The Saalian And Weichselian Glaciations In Eurasis, John Inge Svendsen, Valery Astakov, H Alexanderson, I Demidov, Julian A. Dowdeswell, V. Gataulin, M Henriksen, C Hjort, H W. Hubberten, Martin Jakobsson, M Houmark-Nielsen, K H. Kajeer, E Larsen, J P. Lunkka, Jan Mangerud, A D. Matiouchkov, Per Moller, M Siegert, C Siegert, M Saarnisto, O Maslenikova

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Surficial Backscatter Of The Eel River Margin: It's Just Gas!, Luciano E. Fonseca, Larry A. Mayer, Neal Driscoll, Dan Orange, Janet Yun

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Abundance And Distribution Of Commensal Amphipods From Common Marine Sponges Of Southeast Florida, Stacie E. Crowe

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

Marine sponges were examined from shallow waters of southeast Florida and the Florida Keys to determine species composition and distribution of commensal amphipod crustaceans from shallow reef, mangrove, and seagrass habitats. Twenty sponge species were investigated during this study, sixteen of which housed amphipods in the families Colomastigidae and/or Leucothoidae. Six species of commensal amphipods were identified. Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard) species "complex" was the most dominant amphipod commensal, representing 63% of the total amphipods collected. The L. spinicarpa "complex" contains four local morphotypes, which are diagnosed and briefly described. Common sponge hosts included Callyspongia vaginalis, Mycale sp., and Myriastra kallitetilla.

On The Estimation Of Errors In Gridded Bathymetric Compilations, Martin Jakobsson, Brian R. Calder, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

A Preliminary Assessment Of Tidal Flooding Along The New Hampshire Coast: Past, Present And Future, Larry G. Ward, Jamie R. Adams

Faculty Publications

This report presents the results of a preliminary study that examines several critical coastal issues for New Hampshire including sea level fluctuations (past, present and future), shoreline migrations, and tidal flooding. Included are: 1) an analysis of sea level changes over the Holocene and resulting shoreline migrations, 2) an assessment of low-lying areas with elevations below selected tidal flooding datums in coastal areas, and 3) an assessment of increases in low-lying areas that are potentially at risk to tidal flooding over the next century due to sea level rise.

Coastal Ocean Morphodynamics And The Resulting Erosion And Deposition: An Analytical Approach, Shejun Fan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Coastal ocean morphodynamics is the study of the morphological change of the coastal ocean system. Environmental conditions, such as climatic and geological controls, are exogenous inputs of the system, which are responsible for geographic variation among coastal oceans. In the coastal ocean system, coastal morphological changes are the results of a series of morphodynamical processes. In this treatise, quantitative, dynamical sedimentary models are developed to provide an analytical understanding of morphodynamical processes in coastal ocean environments. These dynamical sedimentary models numerically simulate the sedimentary processes over a range of time scales from an event time scale, based on the fundamental …

Yield-Per-Recruit Analysis For Black Drum, Pogonias Cromis, Along The East Coast Of The United States And Management Strategies For Chesapeake Bay, Cynthia M. Jones, Brian K. Wells

OES Faculty Publications

Black drum, Pogonias cromis along the U.S. East Coast is subject to commercial and recreational harvest. However, prior to this study no modeling had been undertaken to examine the potential for overfishing in the Chesapeake Bay region. We present evidence from yield-per-recruit models that growth overfishing of black drum is unlikely under current fishing practices in this region. Particular attention was given to fishing practices in the Chesapeake Bay region where old, large fish predominate in the commercial and recreational catches (mean age=26 years: mean total length=108.4 cm; mean weight 22.1 kg). Yield-per-recruit model results showed that growth overfishing was …

Uptake Of Dissolved Organic Selenides By Marine Phytoplankton, Stephen B. Baines, Nicholas S. Fisher, Martina A. Doblin, Gregory A. Cutter

OES Faculty Publications

Se is present in multiple oxidation states in nature, each of which has unique chemical and biological reactivities. As a consequence, the rate of Se incorporation into food webs or its role as either a limiting nutrient or a toxic substance is a function of complex biogeochemistry. In particular, little is understood about the accumulation of dissolved organic selenides by phyto- or bacterioplankton. We assessed the bioavailability of dissolved organic selenides to marine and estuarine phytoplankton by presenting various algal species with filtered lysates of the diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, grown on media amended with radiolabeled selenite (⁷⁵Se[IV]). …

Control Of Phytoplankton Growth By Iron Supply And Irradiance In The Subantarctic Southern Ocean: Experimental Results From The Saz Project, P. W. Boyd, A. C. Crossley, G. R. Ditullio, F. B. Griffiths, D. A. Hutchins, B. Queguiner, Peter N. Sedwick, T. W. Trull

OES Faculty Publications

The influence of irradiance and Fe supply on phytoplankton processes was studied, north (47°S, 142°E) and south (54°S, 142°E) of the Subantarctic Front in austral autumn (March 1998). At both sites, resident cells exhibited nutrient stress (F_v/F_m 0 at 47°S and 9% I₀ at 54°S because of MLDs of 40 (47°S) and 90 m (54°S), when these stations were occupied. The greater MLD at 54°S is reflected by tenfold higher cellular chlorophyll a levels in the resident phytoplankton. In the 47°S experiment, chlorophyll a levels increased to >1 μg/L^-1 only in the high-Fe treatments, regardless …

Control Of Phytoplankton Growth By Iron And Silicic Acid Availability In The Subantarctic Ocean: Experimental Results From The Saz Project, D. A. Hutchins, Peter N. Sedwick, G. R. Ditullio, P. W. Boyd, B. Queguiner, F. B. Griffiths, C. Crossley

OES Faculty Publications

Subantarctic Southern Ocean surface waters in the austral summer and autumn are characterized by high concentrations of nitrate and phosphate but low concentrations of dissolved iron (Fe, similar to0.05 nM) and silicic acid (Si, <1 muM). During the Subantarctic Zone AU9706 cruise in March 1998 we investigated the relative importance of Fe and Si in controlling phytoplankton growth and species composition at a station within the subantarctic water mass (46.8degreesS, 142degreesE) using shipboard bottle incubation experiments. Treatments included unamended controls; 1.9 nM added iron (+Fe); 9 muM added silicic acid (+Si); and 1.9 nM addediron plus 9 muM added silicic acid (+Fe+Si). We followed a detailed set of biological and biogeochemical parameters over 8 days. Fe added alone clearly increased community growth rates and nitrate drawdown and altered algal community composition relative to control treatments. Surprisingly, small, lightly silicified pennate diatoms grew when Fe was added either with or without Si, despite the extremely low ambient silicic acid concentrations. Pigment analyses suggest that lightly silicified chrysophytes (type 4 haptophytes) may have preferentially responded to Si added either with or without Fe. However, for many of the parameters measured the +Fe+Si treatments showed large increases relative to both the +Fe and +Si treatments. Our results suggest that iron is the proximate limiting nutrient for chlorophyll production, photosynthetic efficiency, nitrate drawdown, and diatom growth, but that Si also exerts considerable control over algal growth and species composition. Both nutrients together are needed to elicit a maximum growth response, suggesting that both Fe and Si play important roles in structuring the subantarctic phytoplankton community.

Holocene Sediment Records From The Continental Shelf Of Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica, Peter N. Sedwick, Peter T. Harris, Lisette G. Robertson, Gary M. Mcmurtry, Maximilian D. Cremer, Philip Robinson

OES Faculty Publications

Geochemical records are presented for five sediment cores from basins on the continental shelf of Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica. The cores contain 2-4 m thick sequences of hemipelagic, siliceous mud and ooze (SMO) deposited under seasonally open marine conditions. The inner and middle shelf SMO sequences are massive dark olive green material, whereas the outer shelf SMO sequences are dark olive material interspersed with light olive green layers similar to1-10 cm thick. The biogenic material is dominated by marine diatoms including Fragilariopsis curta, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, and Chaetoceros spp. in the dark-colored SMO and Corethron criophilum in the …

The Effect Of Spectral Composition On The Photochemical Production Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Lake Water, Andrea Y. L. Wong, George T. F. Wong

OES Faculty Publications

Hydrogen peroxide was produced when samples of lake water were exposed to direct or filtered sunlight in which UV or UV(B+C) light was selectively removed. In all cases, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased linearly with time-integrated irradiance. While both visible and UV light can induce the formation of hydrogen peroxide, the contribution from the latter was disproportionately large as it was responsible for about two-thirds of the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Among the UV lights, the contributions from UV-A and UV-(B+C) light were 70% and 30% respectively. The contribution from UV-A light was equivalent to about one half of …

Seasonal Climatology Of Hydrographic Conditions In The Upwelling Region Off Northern Chile, J. L. Blanco, A. C. Thomas, M.-E. Carr, P. T. Strub

OES Faculty Publications

Over 30 years of hydrographic data from the northern Chile (18°S-24°S) upwelling region are used to calculate the surface and subsurface seasonal climatology extending 400 km offshore. The data are interpolated to a grid with sufficient spatial resolution to preserve crossshelf gradients and then presented as means within four seasons: austral winter (JulySeptember), spring (October-December), summer (January-March), and fall (April-June). Climatological monthly wind forcing, surface temperature, and sea level from three coastal stations indicate equatorward (upwelling favorable) winds throughout the year, weakest in the north. Seasonal maximum alongshore wind stress is in late spring and summer (DecemberMarch). Major water masses …

Hydrogeological Characterization Of The South Oyster Bacterial Transport Site Using Geophysical Data, Susan S. Hubbard, Jinsong Chen, John Peterson, Ernest L. Majer, Kenneth H. Williams, Donald J. Swift, Brian Mailloux, Yoram Rubin

OES Faculty Publications

A multidisciplinary research team has conducted a field-scale bacterial transport study within an uncontaminated sandy Pleistocene aquifer near Oyster, Virginia. The overall goal of the project was to evaluate the importance of heterogeneities in controlling the field-scale transport of bacteria that are injected into the ground for remediation purposes. Geochemical, hydrological, geological, and geophysical data were collected to characterize the site prior to conducting chemical and bacterial injection experiments. In this paper we focus on results of a hydrogeological characterization effort using geophysical data collected across a range of spatial scales. The geophysical data employed include surface ground-penetrating radar, radar …

Introduction To Special Section: Saz Project, T. W. Trull, Peter N. Sedwick, F. B. Griffiths, S. R. Rintoul

OES Faculty Publications

Oceanographic processes in the subantarctic region contribute crucially to the phys. and biogeochemical aspects of the global climate system. To explore and quantify these contributions, the Antarctic Cooperative Research Center organized the SAZ Project, a multidisciplinary, multiship study carried out south of Australia in the austral summer of 1997-1998. We present an overview of the SAZ Project and some of its major results.

Effects Of Iron, Silicate, And Light On Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Production In The Australian Subantarctic Zone, G. R. Ditullio, P. N. Sedwick, D. R. Jones, P. W. Boyd, A. C. Crossley, D. A. Hutchins

OES Faculty Publications

Shipboard bottle incubation experiments were performed to investigate the effects of iron, light, and silicate on algal production of particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP_p) in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) south of Tasmania during March 1998. Iron enrichment resulted in threefold to ninefold increases in DMSP_p concentrations relative to control treatments, following 7 and 8-day incubation experiments. Additions of Fe and Si preferentially stimulated the growth of lightly-silicified pennate diatoms and siliceous haptophytes, respectively, to which we attribute the increased DMSP_p production in the incubation bottles. Both of these algal groups were previously believed to be low DMSP_{p …}

Iron In East Antarctic Snow: Implications For Atmospheric Iron Deposition And Algal Production In Antarctic Waters, Ross Edwards, Peter N. Sedwick

OES Faculty Publications

To evaluate the deposition and solubility of aerosol iron in the Antarctic seasonal sea ice zone (SSIZ), iron was measured in snow samples collected from three areas in the SSIZ (Prydz Bay, Dumont d'Urville Sea and Ross Sea) and one continental area (Princess Elizabeth Land) of East Antarctica. Concentrations of total-dissolvable iron (that soluble at pH ~2) ranged from 20-2950 pg g^-1, with the lowest concentrations measured in snow from the Dumont d'Urville Sea. Using estimates of snow accumulation rates, we calculate atmospheric iron deposition fluxes of 0.017-0.11 mg m^-2 yr^-1(0.30-2.0 μmol m^-2 yr …