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Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

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Articles 61 - 90 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The Dilemma Of Dredging And Dredged Material Disposal In The Aquatic Waters Of Rhode Island And Its Impact On The Regional Marina Industry, Darryl J. Keith Jan 1993

The Dilemma Of Dredging And Dredged Material Disposal In The Aquatic Waters Of Rhode Island And Its Impact On The Regional Marina Industry, Darryl J. Keith

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Since the closures, in 1971, of the Prudence Island and Brenton Reef disposal sites, water-related industries have not had aquatic disposal of dredged sediments as a management option. The marina industry in Rhode Island has been especially impacted as natural sedimentation processes have reduced the water depths at many of these locations and have resulted in the loss of business as operators have been unable to operate their marinas to their fullest potential. The elimination of this option is based on political and environmental concerns over declines in local commercial fisheries which are alleged to be the result of the …

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Implications Of Soviet And Russian Nuclear Waste Dumping In The Arctic Marine Environment, Jeffrey L. Canfield Jan 1993

Implications Of Soviet And Russian Nuclear Waste Dumping In The Arctic Marine Environment, Jeffrey L. Canfield

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study examines fragmentary information on ocean dumping of radioactive wastes conducted by the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation from 1959 to the present, then assays the impact of this activity in terms of the legal historical, oceanographic and political contexts. Lacking accurate and thorough data on many aspects of the activity, it has been necessary to infer and extrapolate from what is know about the impact of radioactive materials on analogous ocean sites and regimes where radionuclides have been introduced and monitored by other states. Preliminary assessments are provided for the impact on human uses of resources in …

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The Kuril Islands Dispute: An Obstacle In Russo-Japanese Relations, Roderick J. Fraser Jr. Jan 1993

The Kuril Islands Dispute: An Obstacle In Russo-Japanese Relations, Roderick J. Fraser Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The controversy between Japan and Russia over the ownership of the Kuril Islands is a significant barrier to improved diplomatic relations in the Far Eastern region. Because of this dispute, Japan and Russia have not yet signed a peace treaty to formally end the second world war and neither side seems willing to make any significant concessions to reach a compromise. The issue of ownership of these islands has been a continuing focal point of Russo-Japanese relations since the two nations first made contact in the late eighteenth century. The various aspects of this dispute are complex and have continued …

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The Role Played By Semisubmersible Exploratory Drilling Platforms As A Vector In Marine Biological Introductions, Sean S. Bercaw Jan 1993

The Role Played By Semisubmersible Exploratory Drilling Platforms As A Vector In Marine Biological Introductions, Sean S. Bercaw

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Through discussion of Semisubmersible Exploratory Drilling Platforms and their role as vectors in marine biological introductions, this paper establishes a base of knowledge for future referral. Included in this project are details of semisubmersibles, their unique characteristics and operations, historical movements, past introductions, future operations, and continuing potential for invasions. The significance of semisubmersibles as biological vectors is further addressed. Three criteria will be used to assess the significance of the role of semisubmersibles in the introduction of alien species: first, what is the rate of SEDP movements over time; second, how are SEDP movements unique, and what role does …

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Nonpoint Source Pollution From Agricultural Runoff: An Analysis Of Problems, Solutions, And The Remedial Action Plan Process For The St. Louis River Basin, Thomas V. Giddings Jan 1993

Nonpoint Source Pollution From Agricultural Runoff: An Analysis Of Problems, Solutions, And The Remedial Action Plan Process For The St. Louis River Basin, Thomas V. Giddings

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution is the pollution coming from agricultural production, which has no clear origin. It comes from a diffuse source, such as a farm field or an animal holding area. While programs and studies probe every facet of point sources and extol the efforts of point source clean-up, the relatively more difficult task of identifying nonpoint sources and the process of proposing to do something about them has been largely ignored. Reducing the adverse impacts on the environment from farm related activities requires knowledge of the various pollutants and how pollutant pathways can be interrupted. Nutrients, and pesticides …

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Linking Management And Markets: The Northwest Atlantic Sea Herring Industry And The Case For "Regional" Quotas, Peter Jessup Moore Jan 1993

Linking Management And Markets: The Northwest Atlantic Sea Herring Industry And The Case For "Regional" Quotas, Peter Jessup Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This review and characterization of the U.S. Atlantic sea herring fishery and industry analyzes opportunities for and constraints to developing the herring resource more fully. Chapter 1 describes the herring resource, the existing fishery, and reviews current research into the international transboundary migrations of the Atlantic sea herring. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the development of the herring fishery management plan in the context of the global herring market and the management complications that arise from the transboundary migrations of the stocks. Examples of successful linkages between fisheries management and market development are described in Chapter 4 to illustrate the …

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Study Of An Endangered Species Enhancement Program In Coastal Wetlands: Public Perceptions And Management Strategies, Virginia Marueen Witkowski Jan 1993

Study Of An Endangered Species Enhancement Program In Coastal Wetlands: Public Perceptions And Management Strategies, Virginia Marueen Witkowski

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Understanding what motivates public perception and actions is important in assessing public response and forecasting the success of resource management plans. Failure of the policy makers to foresee public reaction can result in expensive delays, bad press and lengthy court battles which at best, increases the cost of implementation and at worst stops resource management projects altogether. An endangered species management program was stopped at the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge in Southern California when an animal right's organization protested the euthanizing of non-native red foxes where were decimating endangered populations of California Least terns and Clapper rails in the …

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The Rise And Fall Of New Bedford Whaling, As Documented By The Whalemen's Shipping List And Merchants' Transcript, Michael J. Tighe Jan 1993

The Rise And Fall Of New Bedford Whaling, As Documented By The Whalemen's Shipping List And Merchants' Transcript, Michael J. Tighe

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this study is to document the rise and fall of the New Bedford whaling industry-which was, in effect, the American whaling industry-through the pages of the Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript. This analysis will proceed int he following ways. First, this study will detail the origins of the American whaling industry and it development up to the first issue of the Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript on March 17, 1843. Whaling developed in colonial American because many of thos first settlers previously worked in the English and Dutch whaling fleets. This section also will include …

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Marine Safety And Pollution Prevention: The Role Of The Port State, Jonathan Douglas Sarubbi Jan 1993

Marine Safety And Pollution Prevention: The Role Of The Port State, Jonathan Douglas Sarubbi

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will examine the evolving role of the port State with regard to the enforcement of international safety of life at sea and pollution control standards and its effect on improving maritime safety and reducing vessel-source pollution. Chapter 2 will analyze the flag State enforcement regime, with particular emphasis on flags of convenience or open registries countries demonstrating the inadequacy of flag State enforcement and the need for port State control. Chapter 3 will examine the concept and legal requirements of the port State control regime. Chapter 4 will focus on the role of the port State with respect …

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Towards A Regional Coastal Zone Management Program In The Oecs, Keith E. Nichols Jan 1993

Towards A Regional Coastal Zone Management Program In The Oecs, Keith E. Nichols

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Islands of the Lesser Antilles are described as "truly archipelagic, enjoying the characteristic features of both oceanic and coastal islands." Once considered pristine and far removed from the influences of pollution from coastal areas, they are now faced with the realities of their own solid waste problems, resource degradation and over-exploitation, as well as human health impacts from contaminated rivers and coastal areas. Each of these territories can be considered packages of economic, political and cultural networks, attempting to provide for individual and nationwide needs while seeking economic growth and self-sufficiency. If developed properly and used in tandem with …

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Conflicts In Use: The Impacts Of The Oil And Gas Industry On The Herring Fishery In The North Sea, Cornelia Ann Pasche Jan 1993

Conflicts In Use: The Impacts Of The Oil And Gas Industry On The Herring Fishery In The North Sea, Cornelia Ann Pasche

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The interaction of the herring (Clupea harengus) with the oil and gas industry in the North Sea is reviewed. The population crash of the herring in the early 1970's and the subsequent closing of that important fishery between 1977 and 1983 has drawn considerable attention to the influences, both biotic and abiotic, affecting the recruitment to the North Sea stock. Current accepted theory points to a change in oceanic current and the subsequent decrease in salinity in the North Sea region, resulting in a change in plankton availability for larval herring as the cause of the recruitment failure during the …

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User Perceptions Of The Environmental Quality And Governance System Of Narragansett Bay, Mary-Beth Gadzik Hart Jan 1993

User Perceptions Of The Environmental Quality And Governance System Of Narragansett Bay, Mary-Beth Gadzik Hart

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper hypothesizes that there will be differences in perception between the users and managers of Narragansett Bay with respect to (1) the Bay's environmental quality; and (2) the effectiveness of the governance system established to manage and regulate the Bay. Any discrepancies in the perception of the quality of Narragansett Bay's shoreline and water resources among various user groups are likely to contribute to conflicts between users, and a less efficient approach to the management of Bay resources. Thus, the identification of where management policies may diverge from the interests of public user groups will serve to improve resource …

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Analysis Of Factors Contributing To Environmental Activism: A Case Study Of Beach Clean-Up Participants, Elizabeth Ann Fuller Jan 1993

Analysis Of Factors Contributing To Environmental Activism: A Case Study Of Beach Clean-Up Participants, Elizabeth Ann Fuller

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study was initiated to investigate factors which contribute to environmental activism. Towards this end, three hypotheses were investigated. First, it was hypothesized that beach clean-up participants would harbor pro-environmental attitudes. Second, it was hypothesized that participants would be relatively young, politically liberal, well-educated, and wealthy. Finally, it was hypothesized that particular types of social structure would influence a person's decision to participate in a beach clean-up. Specifically, it was hypothesized that participants at each clean-up location would be clique members and/or would be structurally equivalent. Surprising, it was revealed that there was virtually no difference in attitude between the …

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Five Marine Resource Management Programs: Innovations And Common Themes, Louisa Rand Moore Jan 1993

Five Marine Resource Management Programs: Innovations And Common Themes, Louisa Rand Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper investigates essential elements of marine resource management programs, particularly how they are initiated and what is needed for their success. The focus of this paper is on management planning for sites where marine resources are still largely intact as opposed to those which are severely disturbed. Planning is aimed at determining carrying capacity of the marine systems and limiting disturbances accordingly. Question for this inquiry were developed from research of a bay in eastern Maine where marine resources have not been severely disturbed, but are vulnerable to over-exploitation due to lack of coordinated management. Using these questions, five …

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The International Regulation Of The Maritime Transportation Of Hazardous Cargo, Philip M. Henry Jan 1992

The International Regulation Of The Maritime Transportation Of Hazardous Cargo, Philip M. Henry

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the subject of the international regulation of the maritime transport of hazardous cargo. For the scope of this paper, hazardous cargo includes all that material which is carried by vessels for market and as waste with the exception of oil. The study examines the trend of the regulatory process by reviewing the development of concern, international agreements, codes and the International Maritime Organization. It also provides a broad overview of international regulations governing the marine transportation of hazardous cargo and the prevention of pollution by hazardous cargo of the marine environment.

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Fisheries Under The Extended Jurisdiction Of Sri Lanka, Hewawasan S.G. Fernando Jan 1992

Fisheries Under The Extended Jurisdiction Of Sri Lanka, Hewawasan S.G. Fernando

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Fishing has been an important economic activity in Sri Lanka for generations. Firstly, the fisheries sector provides employment to a substantial portion of the population particularly in the coastal area. Secondly, it provides 65 percent of animal protein consumed by the people of Sri Lanka. Thirdly, the fishing industry has proved its capabilities as an earner of foreign exchange through the export of marine product such as prawns, lobsters and other varieties. In 1977 Sri Lanka declared its 200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the new regime for the Law of the Sea. The government of Sri Lanka formulated …

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Contemporary Piracy And Maritime Terrorism: Towards An Effective International Legal Response, David L. Scott Jan 1992

Contemporary Piracy And Maritime Terrorism: Towards An Effective International Legal Response, David L. Scott

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Piracy at sea has been a threat which has plagued the mariner since the earliest trading vessels took to the sea more than two thousand years ago. to those outside of the maritime community, the notion of piracy likely conjures up visions of Captain Kidd and Blackbeard, the sort of lifestyle, popularized in the Errol Flynn movies of the 1930x, which has long since passed into history. In reality, violence and robbery at sea is alive and well in certain geographic locations around the globe. In the past decade, the problem of pirate attack upon merchant vessels has become especially …

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Merchant Vessel Crew Levels: An American Perspective, Douglas A. Nemeth Jan 1992

Merchant Vessel Crew Levels: An American Perspective, Douglas A. Nemeth

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper, with an emphasis on policies of "effective manning," provides a critical appraisal on the issue of crew levels aboard large merchant vessels (those greater than 1,000 gross tons). Non-traditional approaches to crew organization and management are discussed. Special regard is made to addressing the various domestic and international laws, regulations, and conventions that pertain to ships' manning. The relationship between the seafarer and ships' safety is emphasized as it pertains to reduced crew size. It is argued that U.S. manning laws and regulations should be amended to permit not only smaller crews, but organizational changes aboard ship that …

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Achieving Total Compensation For Injuries To Coastal And Marine Resources: The Evolution Of Current Valuation And Compensation Methodologies, Marian Toon Mcphaul-Chester Jan 1992

Achieving Total Compensation For Injuries To Coastal And Marine Resources: The Evolution Of Current Valuation And Compensation Methodologies, Marian Toon Mcphaul-Chester

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Economists have developed numerous theories to calculate the total value of natural resources. These methods have been developed and applied over the last two decades. They continue to be refined through application and critique. Resource economists monetarily quantify the values which humans attach to coastal and marine resources. These valuation theories are the subject of much controversy in natural resource damage litigation. An understanding of the evolution of these damage provisions from the early common law actions to the current statutory remedies is essential those involved in coastal planning, management and litigation. This paper reviews these economic theories and the …

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The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990: Implications For The Manning, Operation And Construction Of U.S. Commercial Vessels, Steven M. Stancliff Jan 1992

The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990: Implications For The Manning, Operation And Construction Of U.S. Commercial Vessels, Steven M. Stancliff

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 adds a new dimension to the body of anti discrimination law in the United States. Encompassing nearly all aspects of employment and public life, it has sent a shock wave of concern throughout the commercial vessels industry. Through examination of the Act's salient features and potential application to commercial vessel operation, manning, and construction, it is concluded that the Act's goals may be substantially achieved without additional risk or significant financial harm to shipowners. The requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 are not considered to be inconsistent with a shipowner's …

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Netc Tank Farm Five Hazardous Waste Cleanup: An Investigation And Evaluation Of Cleanup Practices For Waste Oil Tanks At Netc, Newport, Ri, David J. Sisson Jan 1992

Netc Tank Farm Five Hazardous Waste Cleanup: An Investigation And Evaluation Of Cleanup Practices For Waste Oil Tanks At Netc, Newport, Ri, David J. Sisson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

My intention in this paper is to focus on the "chronic" hazardous waste problem stemming from past disposal/storage practices. More specifically, to focus on two underground storage tanks at NETC which were used for the storage of hazardous waste (waste oil tanks). It is now common knowledge that old underground storage tanks throughout the country present a potential ground water contamination hazard which must be dealt with. Over the past decade naval installations have heightened their awareness of environmental responsibilities and implemented recycling programs for the disposal of paper, glass, etc. and have even established programs for fuel collection and …

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Marine Spill Response Corporation (Msrc): How It Hopes To Fill The Oil Recovery Requirements Of The Oil Pollution Act Of 1990, Gerald P. O'Reilly Jan 1992

Marine Spill Response Corporation (Msrc): How It Hopes To Fill The Oil Recovery Requirements Of The Oil Pollution Act Of 1990, Gerald P. O'Reilly

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The establishment of Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) is a direct outcome of OPA-90 which will have a substantial effect on domestic shipment, storage and traffic of oil. The ramifications of the law will be felt internationally and it has set a precedent for prevention of oil spills from tankers throughout the world. It will have a positive impact on the environment of the world. But it will be costly and the public will ultimately bear the burden of the environment impact.

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The Politics Of Tidelands: A Case Study Of The Massachusetts Chapter 91 Program, Jane Mcnally Wright Jan 1992

The Politics Of Tidelands: A Case Study Of The Massachusetts Chapter 91 Program, Jane Mcnally Wright

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Massachusetts Chapter 91 Waterways Program is a licensing program through which the Commonwealth carries out its responsibilities under the Public Trust Doctrine. It was unclear when this study was undertaken whether public participation in the program development process resulted in a different program than the draft program the state originally proposed in 1986. This qualitative case study was developed based on hundreds of pages of letters, comments and testimony from the public, press clippings and interviews. The primary finding is that public participation, particularly from so-called special interest groups, resulted in a final program which was significantly different from …

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Implications Of The 1969 International Convention For The Tonnage Measurement Of Ships On Small Vessels Of The United States, Michael Mcpherson Millar Jan 1992

Implications Of The 1969 International Convention For The Tonnage Measurement Of Ships On Small Vessels Of The United States, Michael Mcpherson Millar

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The tonnage measurement of ships is an important aspect of water-borne commerce. tonnage values are used to assess port fees, minimum manning requirements, and minimum safety equipment allowances aboard vessels. For example, as the tonnage value for a vessel goes up, so does the number of deckhands. Increasing the crew size may have other benefits. By adding more people to the vessel's crew complement there would be more people to ensure the vessel's safe transit. Therefore, changing tonnage values can have a direct impact on the safety of seagoing vessels. Since the creation of tonnage measurement as a means to …

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Sea Level Rise And Its Impact On Bangladesh, Carlos Alfredo Castro Ortiz Jan 1992

Sea Level Rise And Its Impact On Bangladesh, Carlos Alfredo Castro Ortiz

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Global temperatures are expected to increase as a result of the so-called "greenhouse" effect, causing concern among scientists who fear that the sea level may rise as much as three meters by 2100. Using mid-range seal-level-rise scenarios of 1.5 and 2 meters potential socioeconomic impacts on coastal Bangladesh are discussed. The geography is described point out the spatial extent and magnitude of potential damages. Topographic and political-administrative maps are used for population distribution and economic analyses of the areas which would be affected in the sea level rise scenarios. A valuation technique is used to project the gradual GDP loss …

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Mitigation Banking: A Potential Tool For Port Planners, Laura Kelley Jan 1992

Mitigation Banking: A Potential Tool For Port Planners, Laura Kelley

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Mitigation banking has been used as a means of facilitating the permit process by removing the negotiation of appropriate mitigation for development from the confines of the permit process. A developer with frequent needs to mitigate for losses associated with Section 404 and Section 10 requirements may, using a mitigation bank, consolidate mitigation and in so doing, potentially reduce mitigation costs. As a result of route maintenance, as well as expansion requirements, ports were considered to be good candidates for sponsoring mitigation bank efforts. Port use of mitigation banking has not been as expected due to a lack of available …

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Sea-Surface Temperature Related Fisheries And Resource Markets, Jeffrey Michael Rasinski Jan 1992

Sea-Surface Temperature Related Fisheries And Resource Markets, Jeffrey Michael Rasinski

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis addresses the potential application of sea-surface temperature (SST) data to economic resource markets. It considers the revolution in technology and the accessibility of timely, accurate SST observations for resource markets. Specifically, it addresses issues related to pelagic fisheries and the fish meal industry. The thesis presents a discussion and overview of the upwelling ecosystem of Peru and the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) including quantitative analysis and forecasts for the fishery and fish meal prices. This analysis is used to demonstrate the commercial application and relationship between SST and related resource markets. The thesis establishes a bioeconomic statistical model …

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The Potential Loss Of Coastal Open Space Due To The Utilization Of Privately Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities: A Case Study In Gloucester, Massachusetts, Eric W. Hutchins Jan 1992

The Potential Loss Of Coastal Open Space Due To The Utilization Of Privately Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities: A Case Study In Gloucester, Massachusetts, Eric W. Hutchins

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The impact of privately owned sewage treatment plants, a viable alternative to on-site septic systems, is examined in regards to future land-use patterns. It was hypothesized that the use of these facilities would lead to a greater loss of open space, in the coastal City of Gloucester, Massachusetts, than if only conventional on-site septic systems were to be permitted. Constraints to development such as zoning, wetlands, soil characteristics, parcel size, and economic viability were applied to undeveloped property in Gloucester. The results were used to identify individual parcels and calculate the respective developability based on the two different scenarios. Only …

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Problems Of Fisheries Management On The Patagonian Shelf: A Decade After The 1982 Falklands (Malvinas) Conflict, Gustavo A. Bisbal Jan 1992

Problems Of Fisheries Management On The Patagonian Shelf: A Decade After The 1982 Falklands (Malvinas) Conflict, Gustavo A. Bisbal

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The armed conflict between Argentina and Britain over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) early in 1982, resulted in a confusing partition of the maritime area around these islands. The military strategies and policies developed by both countries during and after the war created an unclear situation regarding limits and jurisdictions, thus delaying managerial actions and regulation enforcement over the fishing resources of the area. Several foreign fishing fleets operating in the region at the time, took advantage of the lack of protective legislation and recognized authority, resulting in overfishing of species such as squid and hake. No significant control was …

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Rhode Island Marine Debris Pilot Project, Christina L. Beal Jan 1992

Rhode Island Marine Debris Pilot Project, Christina L. Beal

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Rhode Island Marine Debris Pilot Project was initiated in Newport, R.I. during the summer of 1991. The objective of the project was to decrease recreational boaters' contribution to marine debris. Two methods were used to achieve this goal. First, trash and recycling disposal facilities were increased around the harbor. Secondly, educational literature on the environmental consequences of marine debris, and the law that applies to overboard disposal, were distributed throughout the local marine community. The implementation of the pilot project led to a significant increase in the amount of debris brought ashore by boaters, and a decrease in the …

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