Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Report On The 2010 Rapid Assessment Survey Of Marine Species At New England Floating Docks And Rocky Shores., Christopher M. Mcintyre, Adrienne L. Pappal, Jessica Bryant, James T. Carlton, Kevin Cute, Jennifer A. Dijkstra, Renee Erickson, Yvette L. Garner, Arriaan Gittenberger, Sara P. Grady, Linsey Haram, Larry G. Harris, Niels-Viggo Hobbs, Charles C. Lambert, Gretchen Lambert, Walter J. Lambert, Antonio Carlos Marques, Arthur C. Mathieson, Megan Mcculler, Miranda Mickiewicz, Judith Pederson, Rachel Rock-Blake, Jan P. Smith, Cascade Sorte, Lauren Stefaniak, Martine Wagstaff

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Spectral Characterization Of The Nigerian Shoreline Using Landsat Imagery, Olumide Fadahunsi, Shachak Pe'eri, Christopher Parrish, Andy Armstrong, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The challenges of shoreline mapping include the high costs of acquiring up-to-date survey data over the coastal area. As a result, in many developing countries, the shoreline has not been consistently mapped. The variety of methods used for this mapping and the large time differences between the surveys (on the order of decades) could result in inaccuracies in shoreline data. This study presents the development of a shoreline characterization procedure for the Nigerian coastline using satellite remote sensing technology. The study goal is to produce a complete, consistent and continuous shoreline map using publicly available data processed in a GIS …

Observations Of The Vertical Structure Of Tidal Currents In Two Inlets, Thomas C. Lippmann, James D. Irish, Jonathan Hunt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Observations of the vertical structure of broad band tidal currents were obtained at two energetic inlets. Each experiment took place over a 4 week period, the first at Hampton Inlet in southeastern New Hampshire, USA, in the Fall of 2011, and the second at New River Inlet in southern North Carolina, USA, in the spring of 2012. The temporal variation and vertical structure of the currents were observed at each site with 600 kHz and 1200 kHz RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) deployed on low-profile bottom tripods in 7.5 and 12.5 m water depths near the entrance to Hampton …

Bathymetric Terrain Model Of The Atlantic Margin For Marine Geological Investigations., Brian Andrews, Jason D. Chaytor, Uri S. Ten Brink, Daniel S. Brothers, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Bathymetric terrain models of seafloor morphology are an important component of marine geological investigations. Advances in acquisition and processing technologies of bathymetric data have facilitated the creation of high-resolution bathymetric surfaces that approach the resolution of similar surfaces available for onshore investigations. These bathymetric terrain models provide a detailed representation of the Earth’s subaqueous surface and, when combined with other geophysical and geological datasets, allow for interpretation of modern and ancient geological processes. The purpose of the bathymetric terrain model presented in this report is to provide a high-quality bathymetric surface of the Atlantic margin of the United States that …

Combining Angular And Spatial Information From Multibeam Backscatter Data For Improved Unsupervised Acoustic Seabed Segmentation, Alexandre C. Schimel, Yuri Rzhanov, Luciano E. Fonseca, M Mayer, Dirk Immenga

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Seabed Classification For Trawlability Determined With A Multibeam Echo Sounder On Snakehead Bank In The Gulf Of Alaska, Thomas C. Weber, Chris Rooper, John L. Butler, Darin Jones, Chris Wilson

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

—Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) tend to aggregate near rocky, cobble, or generally rugged areas that are difficult to survey with bottom trawls, and evidence indicates that assemblages of rockfish species may differ between areas accessible to trawling and those areas that are not. Consequently, it is important to determine grounds that are trawlable or untrawlable so that the areas where trawl survey results should be applied are accurately identified. To this end, we used multibeam echosounder data to generate metrics that describe the seafloor: backscatter strength at normal and oblique incidence angles, the variation of the angle-dependent backscatter strength within 10° …

A Procedure For Developing An Acceptance Test For Airborne Bathymetric Lidar Data Application To Noaa Charts In Shallow Waters, Gretchen Imahori, Jeffrey Ferguson, Toshi Wozumi, Dave Scharff, Shachak Pe'eri, Christopher Parrish, Stephen A. White, Inseong Jeong, Jon Sellars, Michael Aslaksen

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) hydrographic data is typically acquired using sonar systems, with a small percent acquired via airborne lidar bathymetry for near‐shore areas. This study investigated an integrated approach for meeting NOAA’s hydrographic survey requirements for near‐shore areas of NOAA charts, using the existing topographic‐bathymetric lidar data from USACE’s National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP). Because these existing NCMP bathymetric lidar datasets were not collected to NOAA hydrographic surveying standards, it is unclear if, and under what circumstances, they might aid in meeting certain hydrographic surveying requirements. The NCMP’s bathymetric lidar data are evaluated through a comparison to …

Ricamar2013: Rilievi Per La Caratterizzazione Dell'ambiente Marino Nel Golfo Di Pozzuoli. Rapporto Sull'attivita 13 - 31 Maggio 2013, C. Carmisciano, M. Grassi, L. Cocchi, Giuseppe Masetti, M. Filippone, E. Ricci, M. Pratellesi, Roberta Ivaldi, Giovanni Iannaccone, Giovanna Berrino, Guiseppe De Natale, Giovanni Chiodini, Sefano Caliro, Lorenzo Dialti, Matteo Guideri, F. Muccini, Paolo Stefanelli, Giovanni Orsi, Valerio Iafolla, Francesco Italiano, Fabrizia Buongiorno, Salvatore Stramondo, Christian Bignami, Marco Polcari, Malvina Silvestri

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Scientific Basis For Safely Shutting In The Macondo Well After The April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon Blowout, Stephen H. Hickman, Paul A. Hsieh, Walter D. Mooney, Catherine B. Enomoto, Philip H. Nelson, Larry A. Mayer, Thomas C. Weber, Kathryn Moran, P. B. Flemings, Marcia Mcnutt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

As part of the government response to the Deepwater Horizon blowout, a Well Integrity Team evaluated the geologic hazards of shutting in the Macondo Well at the seafloor and determined the conditions under which it could safely be undertaken. Of particular concern was the possibility that, under the anticipated high shut-in pressures, oil could leak out of the well casing below the seafloor. Such a leak could lead to new geologic pathways for hydrocarbon release to the Gulf of Mexico. Evaluating this hazard required analyses of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, seafloor bathymetry, sediment properties, geophysical well logs, and drilling …

Overview Of The 2007 And 2008 Campaigns Conducted As Part Of The Greenland Summit Halogen-HoX Experiment (Gshox), J L. Thomas, Jack E. Dibb, J Stutz, R Von Glasow, Steve Brooks, L Gregory Huey, Barry Lefer

Earth Sciences

From 10 May through 17 June 2007 and 6 June through 9 July 2008 intensive sampling campaigns at Summit, Greenland confirmed that active bromine chemistry is occurring in and above the snow pack at the highest part of the Greenland ice sheet (72°36´ N, 38°25´ W and 3.2 km above sea level). Direct measurements found BrO and soluble gas phase Br⁻ mixing ratios in the low pptv range on many days (maxima < 10 pptv). Conversion of up to 200 pg m⁻³ of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) to reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and enhanced OH relative to HO₂ plus RO₂ confirm that active bromine chemistry is …

Spectral Absorption Of Biomass Burning Aerosol Determined From Retrieved Single Scattering Albedo During Arctas, C A. Corr, S R. Hall, B E. Anderson, Kirk Ullman, A J. Beyersdorf, Kenn L. Thornhill, Michael J. Cubison, Jose L. Jimenez, Armin Wisthaler, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

Actinic flux, as well as aerosol chemical and optical properties, were measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) mission in Spring and Summer 2008. These measurements were used in a radiative transfer code to retrieve spectral (350-550 nm) aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) for biomass burning plumes encountered on 17 April and 29 June. Retrieved SSA values were subsequently used to calculate the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) over the 350-500 nm range. Both plumes exhibited enhanced spectral absorption with AAE values that exceeded 1 (6.78 ± …

Calibration Of Multibeam Echo Sounders: A Comparison Between Two Methodologies, Carlo Lanzoni, Thomas C. Weber

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Multibeam echo sounders (MBES) are widely used in applications like seafloor imaging, fisheries, and habitat mapping. Calibration of acoustic backscatter is an important aspect of understanding and validating the performance of a MBES. Combined transmit/receive beampattern calibrations were performed on a 200 kHz Reson Seabat 7125 MBES in the acoustic tank of the University of New Hampshire utilizing two different methodologies. The first methodology employs fixed standard target spheres and a high accuracy/high resolution rotation mechanism. This method, similar to that proposed by Foote et al ["Protocols forcalibrating multibeam sonar", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117(4), 2005], is designed for a …

Potentially Polluting Marine Sites Geodb: An S-100 Geospatial Database As An Effective Contribution To The Protection Of The Marine Environment, Giuseppe Masetti, Brian R. Calder, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Potentially Polluting Marine Sites (PPMS) are objects on, or areas of, the seabed that may release pollution in the future. A rationale for, and design of, a geospatial database to inventory and manipu-late PPMS is presented. Built as an S-100 Product Specification, it is specified through human-readable UML diagrams and implemented through machine-readable GML files, and includes auxiliary information such as pollution-control resources and potentially vulnerable sites in order to support analyses of the core data. The design and some aspects of implementation are presented, along with metadata requirements and structure, and a perspective on potential uses of the database.

Characteristics Of Tropospheric Ozone Depletion Events In The Arctic Spring: Analysis Of The Arctas, Arcpac, And Arcions Measurements And Satellite Bro Observations, T P. Kurosu, Yuhang Wang, T P. Kurosu, K Chance, A Rozanov, A Richter, S J. Oltmans, A M. Thompson, Jonathan Hair, Marta Fenn, Andrew Weinheimer, Thomas B. Ryerson, S Solberg, L Gregory Huey, J Liao, Jack E. Dibb, J A. Neuman, J Nowak, B Pierce, M Natarajan, J Al-Saadi

Earth Sciences

Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) are caused by halogen catalyzed ozone loss. In situ chemistry, advection of ozone-poor air mass, and vertical mixing in the lower troposphere are important factors affecting ODEs. To better characterize the ODEs, we analyze the combined set of surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft in situ measurements of ozone and bromine compounds during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS), the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC), and the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study (ARCIONS) experiments (April 2008). Tropospheric BrO columns retrieved from satellite measurements and back …

Modular Autonomous Biosampler (Mab)- A Prototype System For Distinct Biological Size-Class Sampling And Preservation, Arthur Trembanis, Craig Cary, Val E. Schmidt, Don Clarke, Tristan Crees, Eric Jackson

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Presently, there is a community wide deficiency in our ability to collect and preserve multiple size-class biologic samples across a broad spectrum of oceanographic platforms (e.g. AUVs, ROVs, and Ocean Observing System Nodes). This is particularly surprising in comparison to the level of instrumentation that now exists for acquiring physical and geophysical data (e.g. side-scan sonar, current profiles etc.), from these same platforms. We present our effort to develop a low-cost, high sample capacity modular,autonomous biological sampling device (MAB). The unit is designed for filtering and preserving 3 distinct biological size-classes (including bacteria), and is deployable in any aquatic setting …

Using A Cruise Report To Generate Xml Metadata, Briana M. Sullivan

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Since 2005 metadata generation at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center has slowly evolved from a painful and tedious process of copying and pasting, to generate hundreds of files, to using an automated system that generates 90% of the needed metadata from the data collected on cruises. However there remained one piece missing to the automated system- the wordy part of the metadata that deals with information such as the attribute accuracy report, abstract and the process description. This information cannot be mined from the raw survey data. This paper illustrates how to generate a template from …

Measurement Of Micro-Bathymetry With A Gopro Underwater Stereo Camera Pair, Val E. Schmidt, Yuri Rzhanov

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A GO-PRO underwater stereo camera kit has been used to measure the 3D topography (bathymetry) of a patch of seafloor producing a point cloud with a spatial data density of 15 measurements per 3 mm grid square and an standard deviation of less than 1 cm A GO-PRO camera is a fixed focus, 11 megapixel, still-frame (or 1080p high-definition video) camera, whose small form-factor and water-proof housing has made it popular with sports enthusiasts. A stereo camera kit is available providing a waterproof housing (to 61 m / 200 ft) for a pair of cameras. Measures of seafloor micro-bathymetrycapable of …

Chum: Chart Update Mashup, Briana M. Sullivan

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The Chart Update Mash up (ChUM™) consists of various APIs/Technologies that when brought together allow for intuitive georeferenced visualization of the Critical Chart Updates published by the Office of Coast Survey (OCS). Each component of ChUM™ will be described in this paper with an explanation of how each piece works together to form ChUM™. Figure 1 shows the basic building blocks that make up ChUM™. At the base of the structure (in blue) is the data that OCS disseminates to the public via its website/web-services: Raster Nautical Charts, the CRIT data (critical corrections to the chart), and the Coast Pilot. …

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map And Sample The Us Arctic Ocean Margin, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map and sample the US Arctic Ocean margin

CRUISE HEALY 1202

August 25 to September 27, 2012

Barrow, AK to Dutch Harbor, AK

An Analysis Of Fast Photochemistry Over High Northern Latitudes During Spring And Summer Using In-Situ Observations From Arctas And Topse, J R. Olson, J H. Crawford, William H. Brune, J Mao, Xinrong Ren, A Fried, B Anderson, E C. Apel, M Beaver, D R. Blake, G Chen, John D. Crounse, Jack E. Dibb, Glenn Diskin, S R. Hall, L Gregory Huey, D Knapp, D Richter, D Riemer, J St. Clair, Kirk Ullman, J Walega, P Weibring, Andrew Weinheimer, Paul Wennberg, Armin Wisthaler

Earth Sciences

Observations of chemical constituents and meteorological quantities obtained during the two Arctic phases of the airborne campaign ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) are analyzed using an observationally constrained steady state box model. Measurements of OH and HO₂ from the Penn State ATHOS instrument are compared to model predictions. Forty percent of OH measurements below 2 km are at the limit of detection during the spring phase (ARCTAS-A). While the median observed-to-calculated ratio is near one, both the scatter of observations and the model uncertainty for OH are at the magnitude of …

Sediment Mixing In The Tropical Pacific And Radiolarian Stratigraphy, Ted C. Moore Jr, Larry A. Mayer, Mitchell Lyle

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The reworking of older radiolarian microfossils into near-surface sediments of the tropical Pacific has long been the source of confusion for the development of radiolarian stratigraphy and of puzzlement over the mechanism(s) that could effect such pervasive reworking. Widespread dissolution “pits” in the sediments of the tropical Pacific are believed to be associated with hydrothermal circulation cells in the older oceanic crust and are here linked to processes which expose older sections and inject older non-carbonate material into near-bottom waters. Discharging waters of these circulation cells tend to dissolve carbonate in near-surface sediments; thus, only the non-carbonate material (including radiolarians) …

Modeling Chemistry In And Above Snow At Summit, Greenland – Part 2: Impact Of Snowpack Chemistry On The Oxidation Capacity Of The Boundary Layer, J L. Thomas, Jack E. Dibb, L Gregory Huey, J Liao, D Tanner, Barry Lefer, R Von Glasow, J Stutz

Earth Sciences

The chemical composition of the boundary layer in snow covered regions is impacted by chemistry in the snowpack via uptake, processing, and emission of atmospheric trace gases. We use the coupled one-dimensional (1-D) snow chemistry and atmospheric boundary layer model MISTRA-SNOW to study the impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of the boundary layer. The model includes gas phase photochemistry and chemical reactions both in the interstitial air and the atmosphere. While it is acknowledged that the chemistry occurring at ice surfaces may consist of a true quasi-liquid layer and/or a concentrated brine layer, lack of additional knowledge …

R/V Kilo Moana Multibeam Echosounder System Review, Jonathan Beaudoin

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

On Importance Of Acoustic Backscatter Corrections For Texture-Based Seafloor Characterization, E Fakiris, Yuri Rzhanov, D Zoura

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Seafloor segmentation and characterization based on local textural properties of acoustic backscatter has been a subject of research since 1980s due to the highly textured appearance of sonar images. The approach consists of subdivision of sonar image in a set of patches of certain size and calculation of a vector of features reflecting the patch texture. Advance of multibeam echosounders (MBES) allowed application of texture-based techniques to real geographical space, and predicted boundaries between acoustic facies became experimentally verifiable. However, acoustic return from uncalibrated MBES produces artifacts in backscatter mosaics, which in turn affects accuracy of delineation. Development of Geocoder …

Light Field And Water Clarity Simulation Of Natural Environments In Laboratory Conditions, Shachak Pe'eri, Glenn T. Shwaery

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Simulation of natural oceanic conditions in a laboratory setting is a challenging task, especially when that environment can be miles away. We present an attempt to replicate the solar radiation expected at different latitudes with varying water clarity conditions up to 30 m in depth using a 2.5 m deep engineering tank at the University of New Hampshire. The goals of the study were: 1) to configure an underwater light source that produced an irradiance spectrum similar to natural daylight with the sun at zenith and at 60° under clear atmospheric conditions, and 2) to monitor water clarity as a …

The International Bathymetric Chart Of The Arctic Ocean (Ibcao) Version 3.0, Martin Jakobsson, Larry A. Mayer, Bernard Coakley, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Steve Forbes, Boris Fridman, Hanne Hodnesdal, Riko Noormets, Richard Pedersen, Michele Rebesco, Hans Werner Schenke, Yulia Zarayskaya, Daniela Accettella, Andy Armstrong, Robert M. Anderson, Paul Beinhoff, Angelo Camerlenghi, Ian Church, Margo Edwards, James V. Gardner, John K. Hall, Benjamin Hell, Ole Hestvik, Yngve Krisoffersen, Christian Marcussen, Rezwen Mohammad, David Mosher, Son V. Nghiem, Maria Teresa Pedrosa, Paola G. Travaglini, Pauline Weatherall

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

[1] The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a wide range of Arctic science activities, for example, by providing constraint for ocean circulation models and the means to define and formulate hypotheses about the geologic origin of Arctic undersea features. IBCAO Version 3.0 represents the largest improvement since 1999 taking advantage of new data sets collected by the circum-Arctic nations, opportunistic data collected from fishing vessels, data acquired from US Navy submarines and from research ships of various nations. Built using an improved …

Linking Goniometer Measurements To Hyperspectral And Multi-Sensor Imagery For Retrieval Of Beach Properties And Coastal Characterization, Charles M. Bachmann, Deric Gray, Andrei Abelev, William D. Philpot, Marcos J. Montes, Robert A. Fusina, Joseph Musser, Rong-Rong Li, Michael Vermillion, Geoffrey Smith, Daniel Korwan, Charlotte Snow, David W. Miller, Joan Gardner, Matt Sletten, Georgi Georgiev, Barry Truitt, Marcus Kilmon, Jon Sellars, Jason Woolard, Christopher Parrish, A. Schwarzschild

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In June 2011, a multi-sensor airborne remote sensing campaign was flown at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research site with coordinated ground and water calibration and validation (cal/val) measurements. Remote sensing imagery acquired during the ten day exercise included hyperspectral imagery (CASI-1500), topographic LiDAR, and thermal infra-red imagery, all simultaneously from the same aircraft. Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisition for a smaller subset of sites occurred in September 2011 (VCR'11). Focus areas for VCR'11 were properties of beaches and tidal flats and barrier island vegetation and, in the water column, shallow water bathymetry. On land, cal/val …

Usage Of Videomosaic For Computer Aided Analysis Of North Sea Hard Bottom Underwater Video For Baseline Study Of Offshore Windmill Park, Aleksej Shashkov, Thomas Dahlgren, Marie-Lise Schlappy, Yuri Rzhanov

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Windmill park on the open North Sea coast at Hävsul area in Norway is one of the first in the world to be build on such extreme high-energy coast. To determine possible environmental impact of this project, baseline study was performed in 2010-2011. Two areas, impacted (area where windmill park is planned to be build) and reference were chosen. For hard bottoms work class ROV was used to take underwater video, as no traditional sampling methods are suitable for such environment and depths. The system was equipped with powerful (400 Watt) xenon lights, USBL navigation and HDTV color camera. For …

Developing A Gis-Database And Risk Index For Potentially Polluting Marine Sites, Giuseppe Masetti, Brian R. Calder, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The increasing availability of geospatial marine data provides an opportunity for hydrographic offices to contribute to the identification of “Potentially Polluting Marine Sites” (PPMS). These include shipwrecks, oil rigs, pipelines, and dumping areas. To adequately assess the environmental risk of these sites, relevant information must be collected and converted into a multi-scale geodatabase suitable for site inventory and geo-spatial analysis. In addition, a Risk Index – representing an assessment of the magnitude of risk associated with any site – can be derived to determine the potential impacts of these PPMS. However, the successful collection and integration of PPMS information requires …

Development Of A Geo-Spatial Analysis Methodology For Assessing The Adequacy Of Hydrographic Surveying And Nautical Charts, Chukwuma Azuike, Shachak Pe'eri, Lee Alexander, Christopher Parrish, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

IHO Publication C-55 (Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical Charting Worldwide) contains information about the progress of hydrographic surveying and nautical charting for a country with navigable waters under its jurisdiction. Listed primarily as percent coverage, it is difficult to use this information to determine: 1) if the current level of surveying or charting is adequate or in need of action, or 2) can be used to compare different locations. An analysis and assessment methodology has been developed to assess the adequacy hydrographic surveying and nautical charting coverage. Indications of chart adequacy and completeness as depicted on current charts or …