Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Bulletin 4279 - Streamlining - An Environmentally Sustainable Drainage Network For The Swan Coastal Plain (Peel-Harvey Catchment), Garry Heady, Neil Guise

Bulletins 4000 -

Community Catchment Centre Pinjarra

A network of over 1400 kilometres of drains and modified natural waterways constructed by the Public Works Department criss-crosses the Peel-Harvey catchment. There are also over 3300 kilometres of minor drains and natural waterways in this same region.

The expansion of agriculture relied on this extensive drainage network, which was designed to ensure rapid drainage of the region. Unfortunately there was little regard to future environmental consequences.

Along with drainage water, these same drains now carry high loads of silt and nutrients. Many of the drains are also degraded and require expensive maintenance annually.

The Prediction Of Sediment And Nutrient Transport In The Buffalo River Watershed Using A Geographic Information System, H. D. Scott, P. A. Smith

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Buffalo River was established by Congress in 1972 as the first National River in the United States. It is one of the few remaining free-flowing streams in northern Arkansas. The river originates in the higher elevations of the Boston Mountains in Newton County, and generally flows northeastward, intersecting the Springfield and Salem Plateaus as it drops from approximately 2000 feet in the headwaters to around 500 feet at the confluence with the White River in Marion County. It is considered by many to be one of Arkansas' greatest natural treasures, and therefore , there is strong interest in protecting …

Correlating Soil Test Phosphorus Losses In Runoff, D. H. Pote, T. C. Daniel, P. A. Moore Jr., D. J. Nichols, D. R. Edwards, A. N. Sharpley

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Phosphorus in agricultural runoff is often a major cause of accelerated eutrophication of lakes and streams. Previous research has indicated that the amount of dissolved P (DP) in runoff is directly related to P content of the surface soil. Decades of fertilizer application at rates exceeding those of crop uptake have elevated soil test P (STP) levels in areas of intensive crop and livestock production, making this the major source of DP loss in runoff. The objective of our experiment was to relate STP content of Captina silt loam to P concentration and loss in runoff, and determine which STP …

Assessment Of Effectiveness Of Buffer Zones In Removing Impurites In Runoff From Areas Treated With Poultry Litter, I. Chaubey, D. R. Edwards, T. C. Daniels

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Land application of animal manures (e.g. poultry litter, poultry manure, and swine manure) to pasture and range can lead to runoff quality degradation during storms that occur soon after application. Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have been shown to reduce pollution in runoff from row-cropped areas but have not been extensively studied in pasture and range settings. This research involved characterizing performance of fescue VFS in improving quality of runoff from pasture land areas treated with poultry litter and swine manure. The VFS were found to be quite effective in reducing off-site transport of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), …

Population Growth In North Carolina: Implications On Coastal Wastewater Management, Carol Anne Kinder

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The sustainability of North Carolina's coastal resources are threatened from environmental degradation. A decline in water quality has resulted, in part, from a lack of regional consensus on coastal wastewater management. Yet coastal population growth continues without the necessary infrastructure to support domestic wastewater treatment. This paper will attempt to address the feasibility of an ocean outfall in the state of North Carolina by summarizing results of earlier research, drawing expertise from current outfall projects, examining legal and financial obstacles, and evaluating progressive steps toward an integrated planning of coastal wastewater disposal. Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is one framework through …

Miscellaneous Publication 10/94 - The Climate And Soils Of South-Western Australia In Relation To Vine Growing, J. S. Gladstones

Viticulture research reports

The vine industry in Western Australia is at present located mainly in the Swan Valley, some 15 miles inland from Perth. It produces currants for export, wine grapes, and table grapes for both local and export markets, in approximately that order of importance.

Climatically, the Swan Valley is well suited to vine fruit production. With an annual rainfall of about 34 inches, it has a mild, wet, almost frost-free winter, and a warm, dry summer. Olmo (1956) concluded that the Swan was especially well suited to the production of currants, table grapes and sweet dessert wines. However, he considered that …

Study Of Existing Information Concerning Water Quality Within Lake Mead, Vicki Scharnhorst, Southern Nevada Water Authority

Publications (WR)

The purpose of Task 010A15M of the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) Treatment and Transmission Facility (TTF) contract is to conduct a study of existing information concerning water quality within Lake Mead and identify additional water quality studies that are needed to supplement existing data. The objective of this task is not to discuss treatability of the raw water source; this is addressed by Task 010A18M, "Define Water Treatment Requirements." In addition, a narrative on the effect of pending Safe Drinking Water Act amendments and a determination of treated water quality goals is included in Task 010A16M, "Review Safe Drinking …

Bulletin 4278 - How To Use Wide Furrow Sowing For Improved Crop Production On Water Repellent Sand, Paul Blackwell, Grant Morrow, Tony Webster

Bulletins 4000 -

Wide furrow sowing is a method for successfully establishing crops of lupins or cereals on non-wetting sands, and improving crop establishment on non-repellent sands. The same principles can be used to assist establishment of fodder shrubs and long-term pasture (e.g. tagasaste and Rhodes grass).

The Providence River Shipping Channel Dredge Project: Its Best Chance For Success Is Through Risk Communication, Elizabeth R. Deblois

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Providence Harbor and the Providence River shipping channel in Narragansett Bay need dredging to accommodate the shipping interest of the Port of Providence. Federal and State regulations have evolved in such a way that no dredging can be initiated without identifying sites for disposal of the dredge spoils. Dredge spoils are one of the few remaining categories of materials that, under regulation, can be dumped in the ocean. What then stalemates the process of identifying dredge spoil sites and initiating a dredging program? By default Rhode Island has adopted the "do nothing" alternative for the past twenty years. This apparently …

The Evolving "Takings" Doctrine: The Supreme Court Poses A Challenge For Coastal Zone Management, Catherine L. Chase

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

There is an increasingly powerful and vocal group coalescing in society today, sometimes described as anti-environmentalists or Property Firsters, who feel that the government has exceeded its authority in interfering with individual rights for the purpose of protecting natural resources. Regardless of any personal convictions regarding this often emotionally-charged issue, people involved in coastal management and planning should be aware of the changes in legal doctrines which have come about as a result of "property first" challenges to regulatory or zoning statutes. These challenges have been pursued successfully in the courts by characterizing state and local land use ordinances as …

Port Development At Port Canaveral, Florida, Sergio A. Cartaya

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The restrictions and goals influencing port development today, differ from those that prompted development in the very recent past. In the 1960s, innovations in the transport of cargo and passengers drastically changed maritime transport. In the 1970s, a new awareness of the environment demanded, and through the decade implemented, new changes in coastal development. Port development today is no longer a transaction between the port authority and the Army Corps of Engineers, new federal agencies, with strict developmental guidelines, and the general public are now involved. The outcome of this new way of doing business has been that the lead-time …

State Imposed Anchorage Laws: Legitimate Practice, Or Unconstitutional Restriction Of Navigation?, George Yatrakis

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In recent times, there has been a proliferation of laws enacted by individual states and townships which restrict the ability of mariners to anchor within navigable waters of the United States. These laws have been enacted in many of the coastal states, but are most prevalent in California, Florida and Hawaii. Uncertainty as to whether anchoring is an act of navigation, thereby being a constitutional right, has resulted in confusion among boaters, legal authorities and policy makers. In an attempt to clarify the uncertainty surrounding this issue, a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of anchoring laws within the State of Hawaii …

Incorporating Local Community Attitudes, Beliefs And Values, Into Coastal Zone Management Solutions: A Case Study Samana Bay, Dominican Republic, Jennifer Mccann

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this research is to identify the attitudes, beliefs and values of the local Samana people concerning the Samana Bay marine resources and then integrate these results into suggestions for improving coastal zone management. This information will be of use for project development by the Washington, D.C. based non-profit organization the Center for Marine Conservation (CMC) and the Dominican non-profit organization Center for the Conservation and Eco Development for Samana Bay and its Surroundings (CEBSE) as well as for the regional biosphere reserve management plan. The first objective of the research is to provide a socioeconomic description of …

A Marina Leasing Proposal For The State Of Rhode Island, William A. Archambault

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines whether Rhode Island has the authority to lease marinas their submerged lands, and if so, is the fee structure of the CRMC's proposed plan equitable to marinas in the State? The thesis determined that under the powers of the Public Trust Doctrine, Rhode Island has the right to implement a marina leasing program, but implementation of a program may prove to be problematic for the State. The thesis identified that the CRMC's proposed lease rate would be inequitable to marinas in Rhode Island. Marinas subject to the CRMC program would pay the same lease fee per slip, …

The Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy: A Comparison With The Approach Of The Unep Regional Seas Programme, Vinton Valentine

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In the past two decades, there has been a rise in the number of multilateral regional agreements for marine environmental protection. A large proportion of these regional agreements are the result of the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) Regional Seas Programme. While there are thirteen regional seas under the Programme, the Arctic Ocean is not, and never was, one of them. In describing concerns regarding the Arctic environment and approaches to handle them, a number of commentators have proposed the application of UNEP Regional Seas Programme approach to the Arctic region. However, despite an attempt from the Inuit Circumpolar Conference …

Conservation And Management Of Sri Lanka's Coastal Resources Through The Experience Of Other Countries, K.W.P. Thilakaratna

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

After Sri Lanka's independence in 1948, the economic importance of the coastal areas had intensified due to development of commercial and fishery harbors, transportation, communication, and recreational facilities. Opportunities in the public administration, industry, and education sectors were other main attractions. With the introduction of international tourism in 1970, economic development of coastal areas increased further. In addition to the job opportunities provided by the industrial and commercial sectors, many people were engaged in other activities depending on coastal resources, including fishing and mining activities. Prior to 1978, there was no proper authority or mechanism to address coastal issues. legislation …

Fresh Water To Arabia By Vlcc-Fact Or Folly?, Joseph P. Power

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Population growth, industrial development and the esoteric goals of national self-sufficiency in water and food propels the arid nations of Arabia in a voracious scavenge for alternative resources of fresh water as depletion and contamination of the natural aquifers have reached critical proportions. Desalination of sea water is currently the preferred alternative source of fresh water. Recent misgivings concerning the antroprogenic discharge of desalination effluent (i.e. high temperature and high saline water) into the semi-enclosed, epicontinental waters of the Arabian Gulf question the sustainability of this process. Demonstrable deleterious affects of such a process on the marine ecosystem of the …

The Persian Gulf Oil Spill: A Case Study Of Emerging International Law On Environmental Damages During Hostilities, Esther J. Mcclure

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the retreating Iraqis caused the deliberate discharge of six million barrels of oil into the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. The immediate impact on the ecosystem was dramatic, and, because of the intense media coverage of the conflict, highly visible to the American public. The spill popularized the term 'ecoterrorism' and raised serious questions about the applicability of international law to the situation. There are numerous conventions that seek to establish standards of due diligence for the prevention of accidental pollution and to impose civil liability on those who damage the environment, but …

Ground Water Monitoring Project For Arkansas, Phase Iii, Kenneth F. Steele, Steven S. Hill, Terry W. Nichols, H. Don Scott, Paul Vendrell, H. S. Lin

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

This report is composed of two parts. The first part is an interpretation of the pesticide and nitrate data collected in Woodruff County based on samples collected during 1994. Because there is an indication that there were hydrological differences between 1994 and 1995, and because most of the pesticide data is from 1994, this interpretive portion is restricted to 1994 data. Six wells initially sampled in 1994 that contained pesticides had continuing contamination in re-sampling in 1994 and 1995. Part II lists a seventh well in Woodruff County that contained pesticides in February and May of 1995

Sport Fisheries Of The Belgrade Lakes, Maine Department Of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife

Maine Collection

Sport Fisheries of the Belgrade Lake

Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Augusta, Maine 1994.

Contents: Belgrade Lakes Chain, Some Vital Statistics / Some Features of the Seven Major Waters of the Belgrade Chain of Lakes / A Partial List of Fish Species That Occur in the Major Waters of the Belgrade Chain of Lakes / East Pond Oakland and Smithfield / Great Pond Oakland, Belgrade, and Rome / Long Pond Mt. Vernon, Rome, and Belgrade / Messalonskee Lake Oakland and Belgrade / North Pond Smithfield, Rome, and Mercer / Salmon Lake and McGrath Pond Belgrade and Oakland

Geochemical Evidence Of Saharan Dust Parent Material For Soils Developed On Quaternary Limestones Of Caribbean And Western Atlantic Islands, Daniel R. Muhs, Charles A. Bush, Kathleen C. Stewart, Tracy R. Rowland, Russell C. Crittenden

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Most previous workers have regarded the insoluble residues of high-purity Quatemary limestones (coral reefs and oolites) as the most important parent material for well-developed, clay-rich soils on Caribbean and western Atlantic islands, but this genetic mechanism requires unreasonable amounts of limestone solution in Quatemary time. Other possible parent materials from external sources are volcanic ash from the Lesser Antilles island arc and Saharan dust carried across the Atlantic Ocean on the northeast trade winds. Soils on Quatemary coral terraces and carbonate eolianites on Barbados, Jamaica, the Florida Keys (United States), and New Providence Island (Bahamas) were studied to determine which, …

A Trophic Gradient Analysis Of Lake Powell: The 1994 Utah State University Aquatic Ecology Laboratory Analyses, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Megan Barker, Ron Brunson, David Fogle, Scott Hawxhurst, Chad Mellison, Lis Phillips, Felipe Queiroz, Daniel Zamecnik

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

From 9-11 April, 1994, the Aquatic Ecology Laboratory Class (FW462) of Utah State University sampled the upper reaches of Lake Powell to assess if a trophic gradient existed. We °ampled physical and chemical parameters (temperature, oxygen, conductivity, and total phosphorus), phytoplankton chlorophyll a, littoral and pelagic zooplankton biomass and composition, littoral and profundal benthic invertebrates, and fish abundance measured in the littoral zone (gill nets) and the pelagic zone (hydroacoustics). Data was collected along the upper 50 miles of the reservoir between Bullfrog and the Hite marina near the Colorado River inflow.

Our field trip was done just prior to …

Habitat Selection By Lacustrine Rainbow Trout Within Gradients Of Temperature, Oxygen, And Food Availability, Chris Luecke, D. Teuscher

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss [Walbaum]) in Castle Lake, California were concentrated at certain depths during day and evening hours. A fish bioenergetics simulation model based on vertical gradients of temperature, oxygen concentration, and food availability indicated that rainbow trout selected habitats that maximized growth rate. In 1 of the 2 years of study, a strong pattern of diel vertical migration of rainbow trout was evident and was associated with vertical migrations of daphnids in the lake. The simulation model correctly predicted the occurrence and magnitude of fish migration. During the day some trout resided at depths with little potential for …

Modeling Daily Production Of Aquatic Macrophytes From Irradiance Measurements: A Comparative Analysis, Richard C. Zimmerman, Alejandro C. Pasini, Randall S. Alberte

OES Faculty Publications

The importance of submerged aquatic macrophytes to coastal ecosystems has generated a need for knowledge of minimum light levels that will support the maintenance and restoration of healthy populations. Our goals were (1) to evaluate the sensitivity to natural, non-sinusoidal fluctuations in irradiance I of analytical integration techniques for calculating daily carbon gain, (2) to evaluate the H_sat (the daily period of I-saturated photosynthesis) model of daily production relative to models based on instantaneous photosynthesis vs irradiance (P vs I) and (3) to provide some guidance for the temporal density of irradiance data required for accurate estimation of …

Stable Isotopes Of Oxygen And Hydrogen In The Truckee River-Pyramid Lake Surface-Water System, 2. A Predictive Model Of Δ18O And Δ2H In Pyramid Lake, S. W. Hostetler, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A physically based model of variations in δ¹⁸O and δ²H in Pyramid Lake is presented. For inputs, the model uses measurements of liquid water inflows and outflows and their associated isotopic compositions and a set of meteorological data (radiative fluxes, air temperature, relative humidity, and windspced). The model simulates change of lake volume, thermal and isotopic stratification, evaporation, and the isotopic composition of evaporation. A validation of the model for 1987-1989 and 1991 indicates that it can reproduce measured intra- and interannual variations of δ¹⁸O and δ²H. Three applications of the model …

Stable Isotopes Of Oxygen And Hydrogen In The Truckee River-Pyramid Lake Surface-Water System. 1. Data Analysis And Extraction Of Paleoclimatic Information, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The δ¹⁸O content of streamflow discharge entering Pyramid Lake is a simple mixture of isotopically enriched Lake Tahoe discharge and isotopically depleted snowmelt. The δ¹⁸O value of Pyramid Lake water varies continuously, as isotopically depleted water evaporates from the epilimnion and isotopically depicted water enters the lake as streamflow discharge and on-lake precipitation. In a normal water year, the δ¹⁸O of Pyramid Lake surface water varies seasonally because the components of the hydrologic balance in the Pyramid Lake system are seasonally shifted. The problem of isotopic and thermal heterogeneity can be minimized by analyzing …

Stable Isotopes Of Oxygen And Hydrogen In The Truckee River-Pyramid Lake Surface-Water System, 3: Source Of Water Vapor Overlying Pyramid Lake, Larry Benson, J. W. C. White

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

During 1988 and 1989, a series of water-vapor extractions were conducted in the Pyramid Lake basin to determine the source of moisture that overlies the lake. Calculations of the isotopic and water-vapor balances were made from isotopic and meteorological data from the Pyramid Lake and Reno, Nevada, areas. The results indicate that in the warm season, most of the moisture that overlies the lake is derived from evaporation as opposed to advected moisture. Isotopic fluxes at the lake surface can be approximated by climatic data from the lake site, which simplifies the calculation of this input in numerical simulations of …

Identification Of Tire Leachate Toxicants And A Risk Assessment Of Water Quality Effects Using Tire Reefs In Canals, S. M. Nelson, G. Mueller, D. C. Hemphill, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Cover is an important component of aquatic habitat and fisheries management. Fisheries biologists often try to improve habitats through the addition of natural and artificial material to improve cover diversity and complexity. Habitat-improvement programs range from submerging used Christmas trees to more complex programs using sophisticated artificial habitat modules. Used automobile tires have been employed in the large scale construction of reefs and fish attractors in marine environments and to a lesser extent in freshwater and have been recognized as a durable, inexpensive and long-lasting material which benefits fishery communities.

Recent studies by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation have quantified …

Base Realignment And Closure - 93: Impacts On Western Aquidneck Island An Opportunity For Enrichment, Frank W. Garcia Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will develop a conceptual Use/Resource model which may be of use in analyzing coastal zone conflicts. The use/Resource model will be applied to provide an outline for a cooperative enrichment plan for Western Aquidneck Island, Rhode Island. Future studies of Western Aquidneck Island or other coastal communities may be able to use the model to quantify the level of Use/Resource cooperation. Heuristic application of the Model along Western Aquidneck may highlight the level of conflict or cooperation in working towards an enrichment plan. The focus of the enrichment plan will be to improve the quality of life in …

Directory Of Water Resource Experts At Arkansas Universities And Colleges, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The objective of this publication is to identify those faculty and staff scientists in the universities and colleges of Arkansas who are actively conducting research on water resource issues and problems. Undoubtedly, we have omitted several such researchers, but hopefully, a second edition of this publication will be more complete.