Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Hydrogen Sulfide And Radon In And Over The Western North Atlantic Ocean, T. W. Andreae, Gregory A. Cutter, N. Hussain, J. Radford-Knoery, M. O. Andreae

OES Faculty Publications

Atmospheric measurements of radon and hydrogen sulfide, and seawater measurements of total sulfide, free sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide, were made on a cruise in the western North Atlantic Ocean (October 24 to November 9, 1989). Measured values for ²²²Rn ranged from 3 to 70 pCi m⁻³, those for atmospheric hydrogen sulfide from 1 to 85 parts per trillion, and those for dissolved total and free sulfide in seawater from 33 to 930 pmol L⁻¹ and 0 to 73 pmol L⁻¹, respectively. A positive correlation between ²²²Rn and atmospheric H₂S was observed. …

Observations Of A Cyclonic Ring: Gulf Stream Coalescence Event Over The Blake Plateau, Julie Mcclean-Padman, Larry P. Atkinson

CCPO Publications

Hydrographic data collected in September 1980 over the Blake Plateau were analyzed using a combination of empirical search and inverse techniques. Five sections, extending from the continental shelf break eastward across the Blake Plateau, were positioned at approximately 1-degrees intervals between 28-degrees and 32-degrees-N. The empirical search procedure was applied to four closed regions (boxes), constructed from adjacent sections, where each region was assumed to consist of two conservative layers. Five geostrophic velocity sections were obtained using the average optimum reference level for the four boxes. The inverse technique provided barotropic correction velocities that caused all layers to conserve mass. …

Beryllium-7 And Lead-210 In The Atmosphere And Surface Snow Over The Greenland Ice Sheet In The Summer Of 1989, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

The concentrations of ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb were measured in surface air and fresh and aging snow samples from Summit (72°20′N, 38°45′W) and Dye 3 (65°10′N, 44°45′W) Greenland, during June and July 1989. The aerosol concentrations of these radionuclides showed rapid variations at both sites, but were nearly twice as high, on average, at Summit. Concentrations in the 16 fresh snowfall events that were sampled also showed wide variability, but the averages were the same at the two sites. The apparent difference in air-snow fractionation and the lack of coherence in the concentration in air time series between the …

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Atmospheric Neutron Transport At High Altitudes Using Mcnp, Donald R. Culp, David L. Monti, James R. Shoemaker, David Wesley, Kirk A. Mathews

AFIT Documents

Neutron transport calculations were performed using the Monte Carol code, MCNP. The transport problem considered has a point source at high altitude (40 km). Since atmospheric density decreases with altitude, two-dimensional effects (cylindrical coordinates) can be important. Results were compared to those obtained with the SMAUG-II computer code, which performs mass-integral scaling of approximate fits to one-dimensional spherical discrete ordinates solutions. These comparisons show the importance of two-dimensional computations. The report discusses practical issues of applying MCNP to this problem, without code modifications and includes example input files for MCNP and for SMAUG-II. Computational modelling of neutron transport in the …

A Simulation And Diagnostic Study Of Water Vapor Image Dry Bands, Bradley M. Muller, Henry E. Fuelberg

Publications

A Limited Area Mesoscale Prediction System (LAMPS) model simulation and special 3-hour radiosonde dataset are used to investigate warm (dry) bands in 6,7 μm water vapor satellite imagery on 6–7 March 1982. The purpose is to reveal processes resulting in the formation and evolution of the dry features that appear as curving dark streaks in the imagery. Model soundings are input to a radiative transfer algorithm to generate synthetic 6.7 μm equivalent blackbody temperatures (TB) which are compared with those from the Visible infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder aboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. Simulated and radiosonde-derived vertical velocity …

Winds In The Upper Mesosphere At Mid-Latitude: First Results Using An Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer, D Rees, A Aruliah, T J. Fuller-Rowell, Vincent B. Wickwar, R J. Sica

All Physics Faculty Publications

The first stage of a new midlatitude facility at the Hardware Ranch Observatory near Bear Lake (41.93°N, 111.42°W, 1970 M elevation), for studies of the aeronomy of the middle and upper atmosphere, was completed during early September 1989. An Imaging Fabry‐Perot interferometer (IFPI) (Rees et al., 1982; Rees et al., 1990), was commissioned with a special Imaging Photon Detector (IPD) (McWhirter et al., 1982), equipped with a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) photocathode. Wind and temperature structure can be deduced from observations of the Doppler shift and Doppler broadening of airglow and auroral emissions from the mesosphere and thermosphere. The near infra‐red …

Recent Deposition Of 210pb On The Greenland Ice Sheet: Variations In Space And Time, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

Detailed 210Pb profiles were determined for four "Chernobyl dated' snowpits sampled during a wide-ranging survey of the Greenland ice sheet during the 1988 season. The profiles from widely separated pits show little or no coherence; even for two pits only 40 km apart the profiles differ in detail. There does not appear to have been any seasonality in the deposition of 210Pb onto the ice sheet in the two years since the Chernobyl accident. The total deposition of 210Pb during this period (10-20 bq m-2) was about 20 times less than has been observed at mid-latitude sites in the eastern …

Health Effects Of Air Pollutants (Sulfur Dioxide, Ozone, And Carbon Monoxide), Robert A. Bethel

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

19 pages (includes illustrations).

Contains references.

Urban Ambient Air Quality Trends, N. O. Gerald

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

24 pages (includes illustrations and maps).

To The U.S. Department Of Transportation: Comments Of The Environmental Defense Fund On The Secretary Of Transportation’S National Transportation Policy, Robert E. Yuhnke

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

20 pages.

Urban Air Quality Litigation Under The Clean Air Act: Past, Present And Future, David S. Baron

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

20 pages.

Contains footnotes.

Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control: The Remaining Issues, Michael P. Walsh

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

26 pages (includes illustrations).

Contains references.

Diminishing Views: Air Quality In Western National Parks, Christine L. Shaver

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

17 pages.

Contains references.

Transboundary Air Pollution: The Legal Framework, Mark S. Squillace

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

12 pages (includes illustrations).

Contains footnotes.

Strategies To Overcome Agency Recalcitrance Under The Federal Clean Air Act: The Acid Rain Litigation Experience, David R. Wooley

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

12 pages.

Agenda: Air Quality Protection In The West, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

Conference organizers, session moderators and/or speakers included University of Colorado School of Law professor Mark S. Squillace.

Visibility, acid rain, air toxics, and urban air pollution are the topics of an upcoming Center conference on air quality in the West. The conference will be held at the School of Law in Boulder on November 27-28, 1989. Presentations will describe the nature and scope of the issues, the existing legal framework and experience with its implementation, and proposed changes in the law. Emphasis will be placed on air quality issues in the West and efforts underway to address these problems. Special …

Toxic Air Pollution: New Solutions To Old Problems, Devra Lee Davis, Curtis Moore

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

12 pages.

Regional Air Quality Concerns In The West: Acid Deposition And Ozone, Kathy A. Tonnessen

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

22 pages.

Contains 3 pages of references.

The Chernobyl Reference Horizon (?) In The Greenland Ice Sheet, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

Published reports of the presence of radioactive debris from the Chernobyl reactor accident in snow on the Greenland ice sheet raised the strong prospect that such debris might constitute a valuable time stratigraphic marker all over the ice sheet. Large volume snow samples to test this possibility were collected from 7 snowpits as part of a wide ranging regional snow chemistry survey conducted during 1987 and 1988. Snow “labeled” with Chernobyl derived radioactivity was detected in all of the pits. However, the total amount of radioactive debris found at the different locations varied over a 20 fold range. The variability …

The Effect On Earth's Surface-Temperature From Variations In Rotations Rate, Continent Formation, Solar Luminosity, And Carbon Dioxide, William R. Kuhn, J. C.G. Walker, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Proposed evolutionary histories of solar luminosity, atmospheric carbon dioxide amounts, Earth rotation rate, and continent formation have been used to generate a time evolution of Earth's surface temperature. While speculative because of uncertainties in the input parameters, such a study does help to prioritize the areas of most concern to paleoclimatic research while illustrating the relationships and mutual dependencies. The mean temperature averages about 5 K higher than today over most of geologic time; the overall variation is less than 15 K. The evolution of Earth's rotation rate makes a significant contribution to the surface temperature distribution as late as …

Optimization Of The Tungstic Acid Denuder Technique For The Measurement Of Atmospheric Ammonia, Patricia Diane Roberts

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Measurement of - atmospheric ammonia with the tungstic acid denuder technique is discussed. Characterization of denuder tubes for manual sampling in terms of, repeatability, reliability and the development of ammonia blank signals was determined. Field testing of the manual sampling apparatus was performed at ground test sites and in a biomass burn smoke plume. Ammonia emissions from biomass burning are discussed.

Wavelength Dependence Of Eddy Dissipation And Coriolis Force In The Dynamics Of Gravity Wave Driven Fluctuations In The Oh Nightglow, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

The theory of Walterscheid et al. (1987) to explain internal gravity wave induced oscillations in the emission intensity I and rotational temperature T of the OH nightglow was modified by Hickey (1988) to include the effects of eddy dissipation and Coriolis force. In the theory of Walterscheid et al. (1987) the ratio η = (δI/I0)/(δT/T0) (δ refers to a perturbation quantity, and a zero subscript refers to an average) was found to be independent of horizontal wavelength at long periods, while in the extended theory of Hickey (1988) some such dependence was …

Effects Of Eddy Viscosity And Thermal Conduction And Coriolis Force In The Dynamics Of Gravity Wave Driven Fluctuations In The Oh Nightglow, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

Recently, Walterscheid et al. (1987) have described a dynamical-chemical model of wave-driven fluctuations in the OH nightglow which incorporated a five-reaction photochemical scheme and the dynamics of linearized acoustic-gravity waves in an isothermal, motionless atmosphere. The intensity oscillation (δI) about the time-averaged intensity (I0) and the temperature oscillation (δT) about the time-averaged temperature (T0) were related by means of the complex ratio η ≡ (δI/I0)/(δT/T0). One of the main conclusions of their work was that the inclusion of dynamical effects is absolutely essential for …

Calculated Current Velocity Data, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Data collected at various stations around the Lake Mead vicinity. Air temperature, lake elevation, weather, and wind velocity is recorded, as well as the depth, magnitude, resolved angle, and bearing of the water currents.

Mesoscale Hydrographic Variability In The Vicinity Of Points Conception And Arguello During April May 1983: The Opus 1983 Experiment, Larry P. Atkinson, Kenneth H. Brink, Russ E. Davis, Burton H. Jones, Theresa Paluszkiewicz, David W. Stuart

CCPO Publications

In April and May 1983, interdisciplinary oceanographic observations were made of upwelling events in the Point Conception area off southern California. The principal objective was to observe the structure and time dependence of the upwelling system. To accomplish this, two ships, two aircraft, moorings, drogues, and satellite imagery were all included in the observational effort. During the intensive measurement period three main upwelling events and two intervening relaxation or downwelling intervals were sampled during what was a period of overall longer-term sea surface warming. Surface temperatures during upwelling were as low as 10.5°C in the upwelling center between Point Arguello …

Storm Surge Predictions At Sewell's Point With Local Wind, Pressure, And Previous Surge As Surge Predictors In Chesapeake Bay, Joy Elaine Moses

OES Theses and Dissertations

The statistical model used to predict storm surge. which is defined as the difference between observed water level and predicted astronomical tide. at Sewell's Point. Virginia. for the last ten years relies on forecast surface air pressures interpolated over a large portion of the Atlantic Ocean. A variation on this method is developed which adds previous station surge and local wind and pressure terms with time leads up to 18 hours to the Pore prediction for surge. and develops surge prediction equations for three substations eight to 65 miles (13 to 105 km) from Sewell's Point. The Sewell's Point surge …

Earth Observing System, Volume Iia: Data And Information System, Report Of The Eos Data Panel, Raymond Arvidson, Frederick Billingsley, Robert Chase, Pat Chavez Jr., Michael Devirian, Frederick Mosher, Et Al.

Publications

The purpose of this report is to provide NASA with a rationale and recommendations for planning, implementing, and operating an Earth Observing System data and information system that can evolve to meet the Earth Observing System's needs in the 1990s. The Earth Observing System (EOS), defined by the EOS Science and Mission Requirements Working Group, consists of a suite of instruments in low Earth orbit acquiring measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and interior; an information system to support scientific research; and a vigorous program of scientific research, stressing study of global-scale processes that shape and influence the Earth as …

The Apparent Dissociation Constants Of Carbonic Acid In Low Salinity Waters, Ching-Hui Hsu

OES Theses and Dissertations

The first and second apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in artificial seawater and diluted artificial seawater, K₁ ' and K₂ 1 were determined at selected combinations of temperatures and salinities between 2 to 30° C and 0 to 35 o/oo with special attentions to waters with salinities below 20 o/oo at atmospheric pressure by measuring K₁ ' and the product of K₁ ' and K₂.

The results can be expressed as functions of temperature and salinity by the following equations, pK₁ '=3360.206T^-1 +0. 033331 T-14.8303-0.09633x (Cl^1/2) pK₂ '=14911.671 …

Effects Of El Nino On Local Hydrography And Growth Of The Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera, At Santa Catalina Island, California, Richard C. Zimmerman, Deborah L. Robertson

OES Faculty Publications

Deepened isotherms associated with El Niño resulted in severe nutrient limitation and very low kelp productivity during the last half of 1983. Frond growth rates were so low that terminal blades formed before reaching the surface, eliminating the canopy. Frond initiation rates were also extremely low, resulting in significant reductions in mean plant size. Plants growing above 10m were more severely affected than plants at 20m. Nutrient pulses associated with internal waves are thus critical for survival of Macrocystis pyrifera in nutritionally marginal habitats in Southern California.

J. P. Finley: The First Severe Storms Forecaster, Joseph G. Galway

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: Technical Reports and Related Materials

During the 19th century, while others were debating about the theory and morphology of tornadoes, Finley set out to prove that tornadoes, like other weather phenomena, could be forecast. He developed forecast rules and made experimental forecasts. His forecasting and analysis activities made him the center of controversy during most of his professional life and led to open debate in the literature, but he set precedents in meteorological forecasting that are still valid today. His career as a meteorologist started while he was a private in the United States Army. His interest continued even when he had achieved the rank …