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Articles 121 - 135 of 135
Full-Text Articles in Set Theory
Special Classes Of Set Codes And Their Applications, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Special Classes Of Set Codes And Their Applications, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book the authors introduce the notion of set codes, set bicodes and set n-codes. These are the most generalized notions of semigroup n-codes and group n-codes. Several types of set ncodes are defined. Several examples are given to enable the reader to understand the concept. These new classes of codes will find applications in cryptography, computer networking (where fragmenting of codes is to be carried out) and data storage (where confidentiality is to be maintained). We also describe the error detection and error correction of these codes. The authors feel that these codes would be appropriate to the …
Chinese Neutrosophy And Taoist Natural Philosophy, Florentin Smarandache, Jiang Zhengjie
Chinese Neutrosophy And Taoist Natural Philosophy, Florentin Smarandache, Jiang Zhengjie
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Elementary Fuzzy Matrix Theory And Fuzzy Models For Social Scientists, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Elementary Fuzzy Matrix Theory And Fuzzy Models For Social Scientists, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This book aims to assist social scientists to analyze their problems using fuzzy models. The basic and essential fuzzy matrix theory is given. The book does not promise to give the complete properties of basic fuzzy theory or basic fuzzy matrices. Instead, the authors have only tried to give those essential basically needed to develop the fuzzy model. The authors do not present elaborate mathematical theories to work with fuzzy matrices; instead they have given only the needed properties by way of examples. The authors feel that the book should mainly help social scientists who are interested in finding out …
A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics - 6th Ed., Florentin Smarandache
A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics - 6th Ed., Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
It was a surprise for me when in 1995 I received a manuscript from the mathematician, experimental writer and innovative painter Florentin Smarandache, especially because the treated subject was of philosophy - revealing paradoxes - and logics. He had generalized the fuzzy logic, and introduced two new concepts: a) “neutrosophy” – study of neutralities as an extension of dialectics; b) and its derivative “neutrosophic”, such as “neutrosophic logic”, “neutrosophic set”, “neutrosophic probability”, and “neutrosophic statistics” and thus opening new ways of research in four fields: philosophy, logics, set theory, and probability/statistics. It was known to me his setting up in …
Neutrosophy In Arabic Philosophy, Florentin Smarandache, Salah Osman
Neutrosophy In Arabic Philosophy, Florentin Smarandache, Salah Osman
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Is there an absolute reality? Yes, “God” is the only absolute reality. The three main religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam have all claimed that God is a supreme reality, and that all other creatures are finite beings. Since they relatively continue and also relatively change, so they can not be absolute. The world is full of paradoxes, there is no absolute persistence, and also there is no change at a stretch. There is no absolute truth and there is no continuous falsehood. What exist are many faces or aspects between the two terms. Those faces are reduced to a neutral …
Fuzzy Interval Matrices, Neutrosophic Interval Matrices And Their Applications, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Fuzzy Interval Matrices, Neutrosophic Interval Matrices And Their Applications, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval matrices but have also demonstrated some of its applications when the data under study is an unsupervised one and when several experts analyze the problem. Further, the authors have introduced in this book multiexpert models using these three new types of interval matrices. The new multi expert models dealt in this book are FCIMs, FRIMs, FCInMs, FRInMs, IBAMs, IBBAMs, nIBAMs, FAIMs, FAnIMS, etc. Illustrative …
Fuzzy And Neutrosophic Analysis Of Periyar’S Views On Untouchability, Florentin Smarandache, Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Kandasamy
Fuzzy And Neutrosophic Analysis Of Periyar’S Views On Untouchability, Florentin Smarandache, Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
“Day in and day out we take pride in claiming that India has a 5000 year old civilization. But the way Dalits and those suppressed are being treated by the people who wield power and authority speaks volumes for the degradations of our moral structure and civilized standards.” Ex-President of India, the late K. R. Narayanan The New Indian Express, Saturday, 12 Nov. 2005 K.R.Narayanan was a lauded hero and a distinguished victim of his Dalit background. Even in an international platform when he was on an official visit to Paris, the media headlines blazed, ‘An Untouchable at Elysee’. He …
Analysis Of Social Aspects Of Migrant Labourers Living With Hiv/Aids Using Fuzzy Theory And Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Analysis Of Social Aspects Of Migrant Labourers Living With Hiv/Aids Using Fuzzy Theory And Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Neutrosophic logic grew as an alternative to the existing topics and it represents a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined-ness, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy and contradiction. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that could infuse into itself a representation of the real world. Out of this need arose the system of neutrosophy and its connected logic, neutrosophic logic. This new logic, which allows also the concept of indeterminacy to play a role in any real-world problem, was introduced first by one of the authors Florentin Smarandache. In this …
A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability (In Traditional Chinese), Florentin Smarandache, Feng Liu
A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability (In Traditional Chinese), Florentin Smarandache, Feng Liu
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability (Chinese Translation), Florentin Smarandache, Feng Liu
A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability (Chinese Translation), Florentin Smarandache, Feng Liu
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
中智学为何诞生? 中智学(neutrosophy)起源于1995年美国, 它站在东西文化交融的立场上, 从对立统一的角度探索从科学技术到文学 艺术的一切宏观及微观结构, 构造超越一切学科、超越自然科学与社会科学界限的统一场, 以解决当今认知科学、信息 科学、系统科学、经济学、量子力学等科学技术前沿难题——非确定性问题。中智学努力通过新型开放模式改造当今 各自然科学与社会科学, 实现它们的新陈代谢、改革创新和更新换代。中智学在我们中国还属空白, 故借此对学科正式 命名并引入中国。 科学是真理吗? 比如, 当今信息科学的突出问题之一就是知识表达、知识处理及知识交流中的逻辑单一性: 不是真就是假, 从而不 能面对任何矛盾和冲突。由此, 人工智能、计算机网络、数据库、信息工程, 乃至电子商务、电子政务多多少少在走死 胡同。从表面上看, 它是模糊数学或协调逻辑的问题, 而从本质上看, 它属于结构性问题, 涉及到对哲学、逻辑学、集 合论、概率论、认知科学、信息科学基本概念以及众多相关领域的重新认识、重新塑造问题。 众所周知, 我国学习西方, 只图表面, 而不注重科学的内在结构, 不懂科学的概念和原理中也有基础设施 (换句话 说, 就是基础设施的基础设施), 从而建不起高楼大厦, 更谈不上科学上的自主, 从而形成盲目跟从西方的弊病。 科学, 这个被认为是永恒的真理, 其本质上没有半点永恒, 相反, 它时刻处于新老交替、新陈代谢、自我否定、自 我淘汰的动态之中——即使存在什么永恒的真理, 也终究会被后人推翻。科学实际上是一种战争, 而中智学正是关于它 的战略战术的科学。 当今世界上高深的科学莫过于爱因斯坦的相对论, 然而一切的一切, 都是建立在恒定光速的基础上——它正 在被现代的人们推翻!
Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics, Florentin Smarandache
Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In 1960s Abraham Robinson has developed the non-standard analysis, a formalization of analysis and a branch of mathematical logic, that rigorously defines the infinitesimals. Informally, an infinitesimal is an infinitely small number. Formally, x is said to be infinitesimal if and only if for all positive integers n one has xxx < 1/n. Let &>0 be a such infinitesimal number. The hyper-real number set is an extension of the real number set, which includes classes of infinite numbers and classes of infinitesimal numbers. Let’s consider the non-standard finite numbers 1+ = 1+&, where “1” is its standard part and “&” its non-standard part, …
Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics, Florentin Smarandache
Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In 1960s Abraham Robinson has developed the non-standard analysis, a formalization of analysis and a branch of mathematical logic, that rigorously defines the infinitesimals. Informally, an infinitesimal is an infinitely small number. Formally, x is said to be infinitesimal if and only if for all positive integers n one has xxx < 1/n. Let &>0 be a such infinitesimal number. The hyper-real number set is an extension of the real number set, which includes classes of infinite numbers and classes of infinitesimal numbers. Let’s consider the non-standard finite numbers 1+ = 1+&, where “1” is its standard part and “&” its non-standard part, …
Definitions, Solved And Unsolved Problems, Conjectures, And Theorems In Number Theory And Geometry, Florentin Smarandache
Definitions, Solved And Unsolved Problems, Conjectures, And Theorems In Number Theory And Geometry, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Florentin Smarandache, an American mathematician of Romanian descent has generated a vast variety of mathematical problems. Some problems are easy, others medium, but many are interesting or unsolved and this is the reason why the present book appears. Here, of course, there are problems from various types. Solving these problems is addictive like eating pumpkin seed: having once started, one cannot help doing it over and over again.
Subiecte Posibile Pentru Examenul De Admitere În Liceu Şi Examenul De Capacitate (In Romanian), Florentin Smarandache, Constantin Coanda, Gheorghe Duta
Subiecte Posibile Pentru Examenul De Admitere În Liceu Şi Examenul De Capacitate (In Romanian), Florentin Smarandache, Constantin Coanda, Gheorghe Duta
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Prezenta lucrare" încearcă să pună la dispoziţia elevilor şi profesorilor instrumente de evaluare a cunoştinţelor la toate capitolele din actuala programă de matematică. " În evoluţia adolescenţi/or din ţara noastră etapa admiterii în liceu mobilizează eforturi şi emoţii cu totul speciale. 'Actuala lucrare se doreşte a fi un sfljtuitor permanent În perioada fierbinte dintre e.;wmenul de capacitate şi admiterea În liceu. Testele cuprinse in această culegere au un caracter complementar faţă de multe materiale scrise În vederea sprijinirii celor ce se pregătesc pentru astfel de examene şi se referă la intreaga materie cuprinsă În programele analitice de aritmetică, algebră şi …
Only Problems, Not Solutions! (Fourth Edition), Florentin Smarandache
Only Problems, Not Solutions! (Fourth Edition), Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.