Geometry and Topology Commons^™

(R1960) Connectedness And Compactness In Fuzzy Nano Topological Spaces Via Fuzzy Nano Z Open Sets, R. Thangammal, M. Saraswathi, A. Vadivel, C. John Sundar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we study the notion of fuzzy nano Z connected spaces, fuzzy nano Z disconnected spaces, fuzzy nano Z compact spaces and fuzzy nano Z separated sets in fuzzy nano topological spaces. We also give some properties and theorems of such concepts with connectedness and compactness in fuzzy nano topological spaces.

(R1518) The Dual Spherical Curves And Surfaces In Terms Of Vectorial Moments, Süleyman Şenyurt, Abdussamet Çalışkan

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the article, the parametric expressions of the dual ruled surfaces are expressed in terms of the vectorial moments of the Frenet vectors. The integral invariants of these surfaces are calculated. It is seen that the dual parts of these invariants can be stated by the real terms. Finally, we present examples of the ruled surfaces with bases such as helix and Viviani’s curves.

Manufacturability And Analysis Of Topologically Optimized Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites, Jesus A. Ferrand

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Researchers are unlocking the potential of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites for producing components with greater strength-to-weight ratios than state of the art metal alloys and unidirectional composites. The key is the emerging technology of topology optimization and advances in additive manufacturing. Topology optimization can fine tune component geometry and fiber placement all while satisfying stress constraints. However, the technology cannot yet robustly guarantee manufacturability. For this reason, substantial post-processing of an optimized design consisting of manual fiber replacement and subsequent Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is still required.

To automate this post-processing in two dimensions, two (2) algorithms were developed. The …

P-37 Self And Mixed Delta Moves On Algebraically Split Links, Justyce Goode, Davielle Smith, Yamil Kas-Danouche, Devin Garcia, Anthony Bosman

Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship

A link is an embedding of circles into 3-dimensional space. A Delta-move is a local move on a link diagram. The Delta-Gordian distance between links measures the minimum number of Delta-moves needed to move between link diagrams. We place restrictions on the Delta-move by either requiring the move to only involve a single component of the link, called a self Delta-move, or multiple components of the link, called a mixed Delta-move. We prove a number of results on how (mixed/self) Delta-moves relate to classical link invariants including the Arf invariant and crossing number. This allows us to produce a graph …

P-36 The Delta-Crossing Number For Links, Zachary Duah

Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship

An m-component link is an embedding of m circles into 3-dimensional space; a 1-component link is called a knot. The diagram for a link may be drawn so that all crossings occur within delta tangles, collections of three crossings as appear in a delta move. The delta crossing number is defined to be the minimal number of delta tangles in such a diagram. The delta crossing number has been well-studied for knots but not for links with multiple components. Using bounds we determine the delta crossing number for several 2-component links with up to 8 crossings as well as for …

Classifications Of Dupin Hypersurfaces In Lie Sphere Geometry, Thomas E. Cecil

Mathematics and Computer Science Department Faculty Scholarship

This is a survey of local and global classification results concerning Dupin hypersurfaces in Sⁿ (or Rⁿ) that have been obtained in the context of Lie sphere geometry. The emphasis is on results that relate Dupin hypersurfaces to isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres. Along with these classification results, many important concepts from Lie sphere geometry, such as curvature spheres, Lie curvatures, and Legendre lifts of submanifolds of Sⁿ (or Rⁿ), are described in detail. The paper also contains several important constructions of Dupin hypersurfaces with certain special properties.

Teaching Euclidean Geometry Using Proof And Dynamic Geometry Software, Cheryl Stoddard

Mathematics Graduate Theses

This paper examines incorporating proofs and dynamic geometry software when teaching Euclidean geometry to produce deeper understanding of geometric relationships for middle and secondary level students. The utilization of technology through classroom investigations and activities has shown to have an impact on the achievement scores on posttests and in the development of mathematical proof.

On The Thom Isomorphism For Groupoid-Equivariant Representable K-Theory, Zachary J. Garvey

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

This thesis proves a general Thom Isomorphism in groupoid-equivariant KK-theory. Through formalizing a certain pushforward functor, we contextualize the Thom isomorphism to groupoid-equivariant representable K-theory with various support conditions. Additionally, we explicitly verify that a Thom class, determined by pullback of the Bott element via a generalized groupoid homomorphism, coincides with a Thom class defined via equivariant spinor bundles and Clifford multiplication. The tools developed in this thesis are then used to generalize a particularly interesting equivalence of two Thom isomorphisms on TX, for a Riemannian G-manifold X.

Development Of Graphical Models And Statistical Physics Motivated Approaches To Genomic Investigations, Yashwanth Lagisetty

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Identifying genes involved in disease pathology has been a goal of genomic research since the early days of the field. However, as technology improves and the body of research grows, we are faced with more questions than answers. Among these is the pressing matter of our incomplete understanding of the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases. Many hypotheses offer explanations as to why direct and independent analyses of variants, as done in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), may not fully elucidate disease genetics. These range from pointing out flaws in statistical testing to invoking the complex dynamics of epigenetic processes. In the …

The Dope Distance Is Sic: A Stable, Informative, And Computable Metric On Ordered Merge Trees, Jose Arbelo, Antonio Delgado, Charley Kirk, Zach Schlamowitz

Mathematics Summer Fellows

When analyzing time series data, it is often of interest to categorize them based on how different they are. We define a new dissimilarity measure between time series: Dynamic Ordered Persistence Editing (DOPE). DOPE satisfies metric properties, is stable to noise, is as informative as alternative approaches, and efficiently computable. Satisfying these properties simultaneously makes DOPE of interest to both theoreticians and data scientists alike.

Rendezvous Numbers Of Compact And Connected Spaces, Kevin Demler, Bill Wood Ph.D.

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

The concept of a rendezvous number was originally developed by O. Gross in 1964, and was expanded upon greatly by J. Cleary, S. Morris, and D. Yost in 1986. This number exists for every metric space, yet very little is known about it, and it’s exact value for most spaces is not known. Furthermore, it’s exact value is difficult to calculate, and in most cases we can only find bounds for the value. We focused on their arguments using convexity and applied it to shapes in different metrics and graphs. Using sets of points that stood out (vertices, midpoints) as …

Left-Separation Of Ω1, Lukas Stuelke, Adrienne Stanley Ph.D.

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

A topological space is left-separated if it can be well-ordered so that every initial segment is closed. Here, we show that all countable ordinal numbers are left-separated. We then prove that a similar method could not work for ω₁ , using the pressing-down lemma¹ . We finish by showing that a left-separating well-ordering on ω₁ necessarily leads to a contradiction.

Bbt Acoustic Alternative Top Bracing Cadd Data Set-Norev-2022jun28, Bill Hemphill

STEM Guitar Project’s BBT Acoustic Kit

This electronic document file set consists of an overview presentation (PDF-formatted) file and companion video (MP4) and CADD files (DWG & DXF) for laser cutting the ETSU-developed alternate top bracing designs and marking templates for the STEM Guitar Project’s BBT (OM-sized) standard acoustic guitar kit. The three (3) alternative BBT top bracing designs in this release are
(a) a one-piece base for the standard kit's (Martin-style) bracing,
(b) 277 Ladder-style bracing, and
(c) an X-braced fan-style bracing similar to traditional European or so-called 'classical' acoustic guitars.

The CADD data set for each of the three (3) top bracing designs includes …

Finding Approximate Pythagorean Triples (And Applications To Lego Robot Building), Ronald I. Greenberg, Matthew Fahrenbacher, George K. Thiruvathukal

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This assignment combines programming and data analysis to determine good combinations of side lengths that approximately satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem for right triangles. This can be a standalone exercise using a wide variety of programming languages, but the results are useful for determining good ways to assemble LEGO pieces in robot construction, so the exercise can serve to integrate three different units of the Exploring Computer Science high school curriculum: "Programming", "Computing and Data Analysis", and "Robotics". Sample assignment handouts are provided for both Scratch and Java programmers. Ideas for several variants of the assignment are also provided.

On A Relation Between Ado And Links-Gould Invariants, Nurdin Takenov

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this thesis we consider two knot invariants: Akutsu-Deguchi-Ohtsuki(ADO) invariant and Links-Gould invariant. They both are based on Reshetikhin-Turaev construction and as such share a lot of similarities. Moreover, they are both related to the Alexander polynomial and may be considered generalizations of it. By experimentation we found that for many knots, the third order ADO invariant is a specialization of the Links-Gould invariant. The main result of the thesis is a proof of this relation for a large class of knots, specifically closures of braids with five strands.

The Local Cohomology Spectral Sequence For Topological Modular Forms, Robert Bruner, John Greenlees, John Rognes

Mathematics Faculty Research Publications

We discuss proofs of local cohomology theorems for topological modular forms, based on Mahowald–Rezk duality and on Gorenstein duality, and then make the associated local cohomology spectral sequences explicit, including their differential patterns and hidden extensions.

Unomaha Problem Of The Week (2021-2022 Edition), Brad Horner, Jordan M. Sahs

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The University of Omaha math department's Problem of the Week was taken over in Fall 2019 from faculty by the authors. The structure: each semester (Fall and Spring), three problems are given per week for twelve weeks, with each problem worth ten points - mimicking the structure of arguably the most well-regarded university math competition around, the Putnam Competition, with prizes awarded to top-scorers at semester's end. The weekly competition was halted midway through Spring 2020 due to COVID-19, but relaunched again in Fall 2021, with massive changes.

Now there are three difficulty tiers to POW problems, roughly corresponding to …

Introduction To Classical Field Theory, Charles G. Torre

All Complete Monographs

This is an introduction to classical field theory. Topics treated include: Klein-Gordon field, electromagnetic field, scalar electrodynamics, Dirac field, Yang-Mills field, gravitational field, Noether theorems relating symmetries and conservation laws, spontaneous symmetry breaking, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms.

(R1898) A Study On Inextensible Flows Of Polynomial Curves With Flc Frame, Süleyman Şenyurt, Kemal Eren, Kebire Hilal Ayvacı

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we investigate the inextensible flows of polynomial space curves in R3. We calculate that the necessary and sufficient conditions for an inextensible curve flow are represented as a partial differential equation involving the curvatures. Also, we expressed the time evolution of the Frenet like curve (Flc) frame. Finally, an example of the evolution of the polynomial curve with Flc frame is given and graphed.

(R1956) Neutrosophic Soft E-Compact Spaces And Application Using Entropy Measure, P. Revathi, K. Chitirakala, A. Vadivel

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, the concept of neutrosophic soft e-compactness is presented on neutrosophic soft topological spaces using the definition of e-open cover and its types. In addition, neutrosophic soft e-compactness and neutrosophic soft e-separation axioms are associated. Also, the concept of neutrosophic soft locally e-compactness is introduced in neutrosophic soft topological spaces and some of its properties are discussed. Added to that, an application in decision making problem is given using entropy.

Almost Paracomplex Structures On 4-Manifolds, Nikos Georgiou, Brendan Guilfoyle

Department of Mathematics Publications

Reflection in a line in Euclidean 3-space defines an almost paracomplex structure on the space of all oriented lines, isometric with respect to the canonical neutral Kaehler metric. Beyond Euclidean 3-space, the space of oriented geodesics of any real 3-dimensional space form admits both isometric and anti-isometric paracomplex structures. This paper considers the existence or otherwise of isometric and anti-isometric almost paracomplex structures j on a pseudo-Riemannian 4-manifold (M, g), such that j is parallel with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of g. It is shown that if an isometric or anti-isometric almost paracomplex structure on a conformally flat manifold …

(R1961) On Fuzzy Upper And Lower Theta Star Semicontinuous Multifunctions, A. Mughil, A. Vadivel, O. Uma Maheswari

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This work introduces the concepts of fuzzy upper and lower theta star (respectively theta)- semicontinuous multifunction on fuzzy topological spaces in the Sostak sense. In L-fuzzy topological spaces, the mutual relationships of these fuzzy upper (resp. fuzzy lower) theta star (resp. theta)-semicontinuous multifunctions are established, as well as several characterizations and properties. Later, researchers looked at the composition and union of these multifunctions.

Van Kampen Diagrams And Small Cancellation Theory, Kelsey N. Lowrey

Master's Theses

Given a presentation of G, the word problem asks whether there exists an algorithm to determine which words in the free group, F(A), represent the identity in G. In this thesis, we study small cancellation theory, developed by Lyndon, Schupp, and Greendlinger in the mid-1960s, which contributed to the resurgence of geometric group theory. We investigate the connection between Van Kampen diagrams and the small cancellation hypotheses. Groups that have a presentation satisfying the small cancellation hypotheses C'(1/6), or C'(1/4) and T(4) have a nice solution to the word problem known as Dehn’s Algorithm.

Thickened Surfaces, Checkerboard Surfaces, And Quantum Link Invariants, Joseph W. Boninger

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation has two parts, each motivated by an open problem related to the Jones polynomial. The first part addresses the Volume Conjecture of Kashaev, Murakami, and Murakami. We define a polynomial invariant, J^T_n, of links in the thickened torus, which we call the nth toroidal colored Jones polynomial, and we show J^T_n satisfies many properties of the original colored Jones polynomial. Most significantly, J^T_n exhibits volume conjecture behavior. We prove a volume conjecture for the 2-by-2 square weave, and provide computational evidence for other links. We also give two equivalent constructions …

The Adams Spectral Sequence For The Image-Of-J Spectrum, Robert R. Bruner, John Rognes

Mathematics Faculty Research Publications

We show that if we factor the long exact sequence in cohomology of a cofiber sequence of spectra into short exact sequences, then the d_2-differential in the Adams spectral sequence of any one term is related in a precise way to Yoneda composition with the 2-extension given by the complementary terms in the long exact sequence. We use this to give a complete analysis of the Adams spectral sequence for the connective image-of-J spectrum, finishing a calculation that was begun by D. Davis [Bol. Soc. Mat. Mexicana (2) 20 (1975), pp. 6–11].

Finite Dimensional Approximation And Pin(2)-Equivariant Property For Rarita-Schwinger-Seiberg-Witten Equations, Minh Lam Nguyen

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Rarita-Schwinger operator Q was initially proposed in the 1941 paper by Rarita and Schwinger to study wave functions of particles of spin 3/2, and there is a vast amount of physics literature on its properties. Roughly speaking, 3/2−spinors are spinor-valued 1-forms that also happen to be in the kernel of the Clifford multiplication. Let X be a simply connected Riemannian spin 4−manifold. Associated to a fixed spin structure on X, we define a Seiberg-Witten-like system of non-linear PDEs using Q and the Hodge-Dirac operator d∗ + d+ after suitable gauge-fixing. The moduli space of solutions M contains (3/2-spinors, purely …

Sangaku In Multiple Geometries: Examining Japanese Temple Geometry Beyond Euclid, Nathan Hartmann

Honors College Theses

When the country of Japan was closed from the rest of the world from 1603 until
1867 during the Edo period, the field of mathematics developed in a different way
from how it developed in the rest of the world. One way we see this development
is through the sangaku, the thousands of geometric problems hung in various Shinto and Buddhist temples throughout the country. Written on wooden tablets by people from numerous walks of life, all these problems hold true within Euclidean geometry. During the 1800s, while Japan was still closed, non-Euclidean geometries began to develop across the …

De Rham Cohomology, Homotopy Invariance And The Mayer-Vietoris Sequence, Stacey Elizabeth Cox

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This thesis will discuss the de Rham cohomology, homotopy invariance and the Mayer-Vietoris sequence. First the necessary information for this thesis is discussed such as differential p-forms, the exterior derivative as well as pull back of a map. The de Rham cohomology is defined explicitly, some properties of the de Rham cohomology will also be discussed. It will be shown that the de Rham cohomology is in fact a homotopy invariant as well as some examples using homotopy invariance are provided. Finally the Mayer-Vietoris sequence will be established, an example of using the Mayer-Vietoris sequence to compute the de …

The Examination Of The Arithmetic Surface (3, 5) Over Q, Rachel J. Arguelles

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This thesis is centered around the construction and analysis of the principal arithmetic surface (3, 5) over Q. By adjoining the two symbols i,j, where i² = 3, j² = 5, such that ij = -ji, I can produce a quaternion algebra over Q. I use this quaternion algebra to find a discrete subgroup of SL₂(R), which I identify with isometries of the hyperbolic plane. From this quaternion algebra, I produce a large list of matrices and apply them via Mobius transformations to the point (0, 2), which is the center of my Dirichlet domain. This …

Slope Conjecture And Normal Surface Theory, Helene Swanepoel

Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)

In this thesis we explore the relationship between quantum link invariants and the geometric and topological properties for a family of pretzel knots P(−2r, 2r + 1, 2r + s), r ≥ 1 and s ≥ 3, as predicted by the Slope conjecture. This conjecture asserts a connection between the degree of the colored Jones polynomial and boundary slopes of these knots. We introduce fundamentals of knot theory and prove that the minimum degree of the Jones polynomial for the family of pretzel knots P(−2r, 2r + 1, 2r + s), r ≥ 1 and s ≥ 3, is −6r …