Mathematics Commons^™

Modeling And Control Of Nanoparticle Bloodstream Concentration For Cancer Therapies, Scarlett S. Bracey

Doctoral Dissertations

Currently, the most commonly used treatments for cancerous tumors (chemotherapy, radiation, etc.) have almost no method of monitoring the administration of the treatment for adverse effects in real time. Without any real time feedback or control, treatment becomes a "guess and check" method with no way of predicting the effects of the drugs based on the actual bioavailability to the patient's body. One particular drug may be effective for one patient, yet provide no benefit to another. Doctors and scientists do not routinely attempt to quantifiably explain this discrepancy. In this work, mathematical modeling and analysis techniques are joined together …

Inclusion: Problems And Potential Solutions In Mathematics Instruction, Lynnea Marie Salscheider

Mathematics Graduate Theses

The purpose of this study was (1) to identify and describe the attitudes and beliefs of general and special education teachers about inclusion and (2) to identify significant recommendations based on teacher attitudes for improving the teaching of mathematics to special needs students using inclusion.

Differentiated Instruction In The High School Mathematics Classroom, Sherri Kruger

Mathematics Graduate Theses

The purpose of this research paper is to address the challenges of instruction within a classroom whose census is a diverse mixture of student mathematical abilities. The diverse ability of low and high achieving students all required to master the different strands of mathematics creates problems for instructors and students to stay engaged and actively moving forward deepening and widening their knowledge base. This paper will focus on differentiated lessons, assessments, and projects of a mathematics classroom in a public high school.

A Primal Dpg Method Without A First-Order Reformulation, L. Demkowicz, Jay Gopalakrishnan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We show that it is possible to apply the DPG methodology without reformulating a second-order boundary value problem into a first-order system, by considering the simple example of the Poisson equation. The result is a new weak formulation and a new DPG method for the Poisson equation, which has no numerical trace variable, but has a numerical flux approximation on the element interfaces, in addition to the primal interior variable.

Multigrid For An Hdg Method, Bernardo Cockburn, O. Bubois, Jay Gopalakrishnan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We analyze the convergence of a multigrid algorithm for the Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for diffusion problems. We prove that a non-nested multigrid V-cycle, with a single smoothing step per level, converges at a mesh independent rate. Along the way, we study conditioning of the HDG method, prove new error estimates for it, and identify an abstract class of problems for which a nonnested two-level multigrid cycle with one smoothing step converges even when the prolongation norm is greater than one. Numerical experiments verifying our theoretical results are presented.

2013 (Fall), University Of Dayton. Department Of Mathematics

Colloquia

Abstracts of the talks given at the 2013 Fall Colloquium.

Using A Pedagogical Content Knowledge Assessment To Inform A Middle Grades Mathematics Teacher Preparation Program, Woong Lim, Paula Guerra

Georgia Educational Researcher

This study provided a springboard for teacher preparation evaluation studies by examining what content and pedagogical content knowledge mathematics pre-service teachers demonstrated in the 4 – 8 mathematics teacher preparation program at an urban research university. Twenty nine pre-service students participated in an assessment called Diagnostic Mathematics Assessments for Middle School Teachers. The study found that pre-service teachers displayed the highest scores for Memorized/Factual Knowledge, followed by Conceptual Understanding, Reasoning/Problem Solving, and Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Pre-service teachers had higher Memorized/Factual Knowledge than Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The pre-service teachers’ overall content knowledge was not strong, and the two lowest-performing content knowledge …

Characterizations Of Distribution Of Ratio Of Rayleigh Random Variables, Gholamhossein Hamedani

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Various characterizations of the distribution of the ratio of two independent Rayleigh random variables are presented. These characterizations are based, on a truncated moment; on hazard function; and on certain functions of order statistics.

Exploring The Effects Of Conversational Repair As A Scaffolding Strategy To Promote Mathematics Explanations Of Students With Learning Disabilities, Jia Liu

Open Access Dissertations

Conversational repair often occurs in conversations when people attempt to address communicative breakdowns or inaccuracy by way of repeating what have been said or putting them in another way. The review of literature on conversational repair revealed that as an important concept in pragmatic aspect of language, it is an effective strategy to improve communication of different populations with disabilities. However, it is rarely studied in the domain of mathematics and with the population with learning disabilities/difficulties (LD). In current reform-based, discourse-oriented mathematics classrooms, students with LD encounter difficulties articulating or explaining well their reasoning processes due to the mathematical …

A Jackknife Empirical Likelihood Approach To Goodness Of Fit U-Statistic Testing With Side Information, Qun Lin

Open Access Dissertations

Motivated by applications to goodness of fit U-statistics testing, the jackknife empirical likelihood of Jing, et al. (2009) is justified with an alternative approach, and the Wilks theorem for vector U-statistics is proved. This generalizes Owen's empirical likelihood theorem for a vector mean to a vector U-statistics-based mean and includes the jackknife empirical likelihood of U-statistics with side information as a special case. The results are generalized to allow for the constraints to use estimated criteria functions and for the number of constraints to grow with the sample size. The latter is needed to handle naturally occurring nuisance parameters in …

Methods For Increasing Domains Of Convergence In Iterative Linear System Solvers, David Michael Imberti

Open Access Dissertations

In this thesis, we introduce and improve various methods for increasing the domains of convergence for iterative linear system solvers. We rely on the following three approaches: making the iteration adaptive, or nesting an inner iteration inside of a previously determined outer iteration; using deflation and projections to manipulate the spectra inherent to the iteration; and/or focusing on reordering schemes. We will analyze a specific combination of these three strategies. In particular, we propose to examine the influence of nesting a Flexible Generalized Minimum Residual algorithm together with an inner Recursive Projection Method using a banded preconditioner resulting from the …

An Epidemic Model Structured By The Time Since Last Infection, Jorge Alturo Alfaro Murillo

Open Access Dissertations

Epidemiological models structured by time since infection have their origin in the seminal work of 1927 by Kermack and McKendrick. Compared to ordinary differential equations (ODE) models, they are able to capture differences in infectivity of the individuals in a more suitable manner. Their use declined in the second half of the 20th century, probably because the theory for ODE models is more robust, complete and has proved successful in providing insights and predictions for many epidemiological problems. Nevertheless, it is important to understand in what occasions the inclusion of time since infection may alter the outcomes in a significant …

The Stratified Structure Of Spaces Of Smooth Orbifold Mappings, Joseph E. Borzellino, Victor Brunsden

Mathematics

We consider four notions of maps between smooth C^∞ orbifolds , with compact (without boundary). We show that one of these notions is natural and necessary in order to uniquely define the notion of orbibundle pullback. For the notion of complete orbifold map, we show that the corresponding set of C^r maps between and with the C^r topology carries the structure of a smooth C^∞ Banach (r finite)/Fréchet (r = ∞) manifold. For the notion of complete reduced orbifold map, the corresponding set of C^r maps between and with the C^r topology carries the …

Mexican-American Children's Perspectives: Neighborhood Characteristics And Physical Activity In Texas-Mexico Border Colonias, Nelda Mier, Chanam Lee, Matthew Lee Smith, Xiaohui Wang, Elias H. Avila-Rodriguez, Laura Trevino, Marcia G. Ory

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

The qualitative study described in this article investigated perceptions about environmental factors influencing physical activity (PA) among children from underserved neighborhoods known as colonias in the U.S.-Mexico border. Ten focus groups were conducted with 67 Mexican-American colonia children ages 8 to 13 living in one of the poorest border counties in the U.S. Analyses indicated that PA among children was influenced by neighborhood characteristics, including litter, speeding cars, unleashed dogs, and dark streets. The children also underlined intrapersonal and social environmental factors. Findings may inform policy makers and public health professionals about ways to promote PA among underserved children through …

Mexican-American Children’S Perspectives: Neighborhood Characteristics And Physical Activity In Texas-Mexico Border Colonias, Nelda Mier, Chanam Lee, Matthew Lee Smith, Xiaohui Wang, David Irizarry, Elias H. Avila-Rodriguez, Laura Trevino, Marcia G. Ory

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

The qualitative study described in this article investigated perceptions about environmental factors infl uencing physical activity (PA) among children from underserved neighborhoods known as colonias in the U.S.-Mexico border. Ten focus groups were conducted with 67 Mexican-American colonia children ages 8 to 13 living in one of the poorest border counties in the U.S. Analyses indicated that PA among children was influenced by neighborhood characteristics, including litter, speeding cars, unleashed dogs, and dark streets. The children also underlined intrapersonal and social environmental factors. Findings may inform policy makers and public health professionals about ways to promote PA among underserved children …

Identifiability Of Additive, Time-Varying Actuator And Sensor Faults By State Augmentation, Jason M. Upchurch

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Faults in dynamical systems can have serious safety and reliability implications. For example, actuator and sensor faults have been factors in past incidents and mishaps in many aerospace systems. A large body of research is devoted to developing methods to detect and identify actuator and sensor faults in such systems.

One fault detection and identification menthol employs state augmentation, whereby a set of time-varying faults of interest are modeled as outputs of exogenous linear, time-invariant systems and augmented to the state of the nominal system model. The resulting model represents the system dynamics due to a particular actuator-sensor fault configuration. …

Efektivitas Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Berstandar Iso 9001:2008 Terhadap Pencapaian Standar Isi, Standar Proses, Dan Standar Kompetensi Lulusan, Yeni Ratih Pratiwi

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas pencapaian standar isi, standar proses, dan standar kompetensi lulusan pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) yang telah menerapkan standar mutu ISO 9001:2008 dan SMK yang belum menerapkannya, baik pada sekolah negeri maupun swasta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner tertutup dengan skala Likert. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas antara SMK negeri berstandar ISO dan SMK swasta berstandar ISO (p = 0,001), antara SMK negeri berstandar ISO dan SMK negeri belum berstandar ISO (p = 0,000), serta antara SMK negeri berstandar ISO dan …

Pengaruh Penggunaan Peta Konsep Dalam Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Bernalar Siswa Kelas Xi, Agung Wahyudi

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar fisika antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing melalui peta konsep (PITPK) dan siswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing (PIT); (2) menguji interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan bernalar terhadap hasil belajar fisika; (3) mengetahui efektivitas PITPK dibandingkan PIT pada siswa dengan kemampuan bernalar tinggi; dan (4) mengetahui efektivitas PITPK dibandingkan PIT pada siswa dengan kemampuan bernalar rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan faktorial 2 × 2 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian meliputi instrumen perlakuan berupa silabus, RPP, dan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, serta instrumen pengukuran …

Pengaruh Pendekatan Genius Learning Berbasis Kerja Ilmiah Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Fisika Ditinjau Dari Pengetahuan Awal Siswa Smpn 13 Balikpapan Tahun 2012, Suliyono Suliyono

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penguasaan konsep-konsep fisika siswa akan lebih optimal apabila pendidik menerapkan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan keaktifan dan motivasi belajar siswa dengan tetap berlandaskan pada pendekatan konstruktivis. Pendekatan Genius Learning Berbasis Kerja Ilmiah (GLBKI) diyakini mampu menjawab tuntutan perkembangan pendidikan serta mempermudah siswa dalam mempelajari konsep-konsep fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan prestasi belajar fisika antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan pendekatan Genius Learning Berbasis Kerja Ilmiah dan siswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen dengan pemberian perlakuan berupa pendekatan GLBKI pada kelas eksperimen yang dipilih secara acak, sedangkan kelas kontrol diberikan pembelajaran konvensional. Data prestasi belajar …

Peer Mediated Instruction And Intervention (Pmii) Tipe Classwide Peer Tutoring (Cwpt) Dan Kemampuan Akademik Pada Pembelajaran Ipa Biologi Smk, Hamsiah Hamsiah

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Pembelajaran IPA di SMKN 1 Bontang masih didominasi dengan strategi belajar konvensional yaitu metode belajar dengan ceramah. Hal ini berdampak terhadap hasil belajar kognitif IPA biologi yang cenderung masih rendah karena siswa belum terlatih menjadi pebelajar yang mandiri, sehingga inovasi pembelajaran PMII tipe CWPT dapat digunakan sebagai terobosan untuk mengembangkan hasil belajar kognitif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi CWPT dan kemampuan akademik pada pembelajaran IPA Biologi SMK. Penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretest-posttest Nonequivalent Control Group. Hasil penelitian, yaitu: (1) ada pengaruh CWPT terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, (2) ada pengaruh kemampuan akademik terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, dan (3) …

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Pemerolehan Konsep Dipadu Pembelajaran Kooperatif Stad Terhadap Prestasi Belajar, Keaktifan, Dan Respons Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Ikatan Kimia, Putri Ridha Ilahi

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan: (1) prestasi belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran pemerolehan konsep dipadu pembelajaran kooperatif STAD dan prestasi belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran pemerolehan konsep dalam pembelajaran konvensional; (2) keaktifan siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran pemerolehan konsep dipadu pembelajaran kooperatif STAD dan keaktifan siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran pemerolehan konsep dalam pembelajaran konvensional; (3) respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran pemerolehan konsep dipadu pembelajaran kooperatif STAD dan respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran pemerolehan konsep dalam pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif dan rancangan eksperimen semu (quasy experiment design). Data prestasi belajar dikumpulkan menggunakan tes objektif dan koefisien reliabilitas dihitung dengan …

Degradasi Anaerob Sampah Organik Dengan Bioaktivator Effective Microorganism-5 (Em-5) Untuk Menghasilkan Biogas, Metri Dian Insani

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis perbedaan penggunaan tongkol jagung, kelaras pisang, dan kulit pisang dengan penambahan kotoran sapi terhadap tekanan biogas, (2) menganalisis perbedaan penggunaan tongkol jagung, kelaras pisang, dan kulit pisang dengan penambahan kotoran sapi terhadap lama waktu nyala api biogas yang dihasilkan, dan (3) menganalisis perbedaan penggunaan tongkol jagung, kelaras pisang, dan kulit pisang dengan penambahan kotoran sapi terhadap rasio C/N akhir. Penelitian eksperimen didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan tiga perlakuan masing-masing dalam 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan tongkol jagung, kelaras pisang, dan kulit pisang dengan penambahan kotoran sapi …

Relevansi Soft Skill Yang Dibutuhkan Dunia Usaha/Industri Dengan Yang Dibelajarkan Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Didik Suryanto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relevansi soft skill yang dibutuhkan oleh dunia usaha dan industri dengan soft skill yang dibelajarkan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Kabupaten Blitar. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa angket atau kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sejumlah soft skill yang relevan antara kebutuhan dunia usaha/industri dan pembelajaran di SMK menurut persepsi guru dan siswa, yaitu: (a) kejujuran dan sikap perilaku yang baik, (b) rasa tanggung jawab, (c) disiplin waktu, (d) kemampuan bekerja secara aman, (e) ketangguhan atau kegigihan dalam bekerja, (f) kemampuan mengatasi stres, (g) kemandirian atau tidak …

Penggunaan Media Bangun Geometri Untuk Menanamkan Konsep Penjumlahan Pecahan, Nanik Ulfa

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Pemahaman konsep merupakan aspek penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Untuk menanamkan pemahaman konsep pada siswa yang masih berada pada tahap berpikir konkret, diperlukan bantuan media pembelajaran yang akrab dengan siswa. Dalam penelitian ini, media yang digunakan adalah media bangun geometri bidang. Penggunaan media tersebut diharapkan mampu menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan serta mendorong keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: (1) tahap awal untuk mengecek pengetahuan prasyarat siswa, (2) tahap inti, pada tahap ini siswa memanipulasi media bangun geometri sesuai dengan panduan dalam Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) yang disusun oleh peneliti, dan (3) tahap penutup, yaitu …

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Untuk Membangun Pemahaman Konsep Garis Singgung Persekutuan Dua Lingkaran, Vivin Nur Afidah

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Media pembelajaran interaktif yang dikembangkan adalah media pembelajaran interaktif yang dirancang berdasarkan karakteristik pembelajaran dengan bantuan komputer/Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) tipe tutorial. Dirancang berdasarkan teori beban kognitif yaitu meminimalkan pemrosesan beban kognitif extraneous, mengatur pemrosesan beban kognitif intrinsic, dan mengembangkan pemrosesan beban kognitif germane. Penelitian pengembangan mengikuti model pengembangan 4D yaitu define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan), develop (pengembangan), dan disseminate (penyebarluasan). Simpulannya adalah (1) hasil validasi oleh ahli dan praktisi menilai media pembelajaran interaktif yang dikembangkan valid, (2) hasil pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa menunjukkan media pembelajaran interaktif memenuhi kriteria kepraktisan, (3) hasil kuis menunjukkan sebagian besar siswa mencapai tingkat pemahaman …

Pengembangan Buku Kerja Materi Eksponen Bercirikan Rme Untuk Siswa Smk Teknik, Sri Widowati

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menghasilkan buku kerja berbahasa Inggris materi eksponen yang bercirikan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) teknik kelas X serta memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif. Proses validasi ahli dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan buku kerja yang dihasilkan. Proses uji coba dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepraktisan dan keefektifan dari buku kerja yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan proses validasi, diperoleh hasil bahwa buku kerja yang dihasilkan memenuhi kategori valid. Sedangkan dari proses uji coba diperoleh bahwa keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan buku kerja berada pada kriteria praktis. Selain itu, rata-rata siswa memberikan respon positif dan hasil …

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Arias Dan Arias Dipadu Peta Konsep Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Kognitif, Dan Afektif, Ismail Ismail

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Model pembelajaran Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, dan Satisfaction (ARIAS) dipadu peta konsep dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kognitif, dan afektif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh model pembelajaran ARIAS, ARIAS dipadu peta konsep, dan peta konsep terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis, kognitif, dan afektif. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui tes uraian dan lembar observasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis, kognitif dan afektif untuk kelompok model pembelajaran ARIAS dipadu Peta Konsep tergolong kategori sangat baik, kelas perlakuan pembelajaran ARIAS, dan kelas perlakuan Peta Konsep termasuk kategori baik.

Keefektifan Gambar Statis, Gambar Dinamis Ball-And-Stick, Dan Model Molekul Sederhana Yang Dibuat Dari Jarum Pentul Pada Pembelajaran Bentuk Dan Kepolaran Molekul, Muhammad Ardiansyah

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan keefektifan gambar statis, gambar dinamis ball-and-stick, dan model molekul sederhana dibuat dari jarum pentul ditinjau dari hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada pembelajaran bentuk dan kepolaran molekul. Data penelitian adalah skor hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 35 item dengan validitas isi tes sebesar 87,6%, dan koefisien reliabilitas, dihitung dengan rumus KR-21, sebesar 0,90. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistik uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang diperoleh dari pembelajaran bentuk dan kepolaran molekul dengan menggunakan model molekul sederhana dibuat dari jarum pentul …

Linguistic Invention In Mathematical Communication Among Practicing Elementary School Teachers, Christine Johnson, Janet Walter

Journal of Undergraduate Research

As a tutor in the BYU Math Lab, I attempted to model correct vocabulary to be consistent with the students’ textbooks and professors. However, at times it seemed as though I needed to use more creative language to effectively communicate mathematical concepts. I began to wonder if it was possible to model correct mathematical vocabulary and convey my intended meanings at the same time. As an undergraduate in the Mathematics Education program, I knew that studying mathematical communication would make me a more effective teacher.

Computer Aided Complex Analysis, Jared Whitehead, Adam Rich, Dr. Michael Dorff

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Complex analysis is a fundamental course in mathematics required by some engineering and physical science disciplines. Since complex numbers are two dimensional – they have a real and imaginary part – visualizing their graphs, a very important part of practical and theoretical analysis, can be difficult. Complex valued functions of complex numbers can only be graphed in a space of four or more dimensions. To see the entire graph at once is not a feasible option for the human mind. Instead, analysts concern themselves with small sets of the plane and the effect that complex functions have on them. For …