Earth Sciences Commons^™

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No abstract provided.

The Use Of Cover Crops After A Maize Crop In The North Of Spain, D. Báez, M. Pinto, M. Rodríguez, G. Besga, J. M. Estavillo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This work intends to study N leaching losses in a field assay when crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was incorporated into the soil and quantify the their effect on N₂O, N total gaseous losses under controlled soil moisture and temperature conditions. Field assay: A split-plot design where main plot was the cover crop and the subplot was the rate of fertilizer (0 and 150 kg N ha^-1) applied to the subsequent maize crop. Laboratory assay: Residues of italian ryegrass and crimson clover were mixed with soil in containers, …

Multi-Year Application Of Dairy Slurry On Grassland: Effects On Crop, Soil Biota, Soil Nutrients, And N2O Emission, Shabtai Bittman, C. G. Kowalenko, D. E. Hunt, N. Patni, J. Paul, D. Raworth, J. Hountin, T. A. Forge, C. M. Monreal, O. Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The long-term effects of using manure as the principal nutrient source in intensive crop production systems are not well known. This paper reports on the effects of multi-year application of fertilizer or dairy slurry on a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) sward. Slurry sustained greater grass yield than chemical fertilizer. Unlike fertilizer, slurry supplied 70 to 120 kg N/ha one year after application but little after one year; 4-years of manure applications built up the stable organic matter pool in the soil. Manure-N was less prone to leaching but more prone to N₂O emissions than fertilizer-N. Manured …

Sewage Sludge As An Alternative Fertilizer For Tropical Pasture Grasses, M. B. Adjei, J. E. Rechcigl

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of source (Liquid sludge at pH 7 (LS7) or pH 11 (LS11), cake biosolid (CB) or ammonium nitrate (AM)) by rate (0, 80 or 160 kg ha^-1) of N application on bahiagrass forage yield, quality and tissue composition. Same plots were fertilized in March 1998 and 1999. Forage yield was measured at 30 d intervals from May through November and subsamples were dried and ground for quality analyses. The 2-year mean forage yield was similar for AM, LS7 and LS 11 fertilizer applications. Forage yield from CB application was 30% …

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Phosphorus Fertilizer And Stocking Rate Effects On Soil Microbial Biomass Of A Long-Term Dairy Farmlet Experiment, S. R. Aarons, C. R. O’Connor, C. J. P. Gourley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of a range of P fertilizer rates and dairy cow stocking rates on microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus were compared in a long-term farmlet trial in southeastern Australia. Pastures were stocked at 2, 3, or 4 cows/ha and received fertilizer at rates of 0, 35, 70 or 140 kgP/ha. There was no effect of either P fertilizer rate or stocking rate on microbial biomass C from 1995 to 1998. Increasing P application rate significantly increased the chloroform-released microbial P flush measured, but stocking rate had no effect on microbial P. There were significant temporal changes, with the seasonal …

Dry Matter Accumulation And Partitioning Between Vegetative And Reproductive Organs In Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.), E. D. Bolaños-Aguilar, Christian Huyghe, B. Julier, C. Ecalle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This work investigated the partitioning of dry matter between vegetative and reproductive plant organs in alfalfa during the reproductive period under field conditions. Two French varieties (Europe and Magali) were studied. Both varieties showed similar growth pattern of the different plant organs in 1998 and 1999. The mean dry matter of vegetative organs (shoots and leaves) over the two years was higher in Europe (567g/m²) than Magali (470g/m²). No vegetative growth was observed during the reproductive period. The root organs (measured to a depth of 0.20 m) and the reproductive organs showed an increase in dry …

Herbage Seed Production Possibilities In Finland, O. Niemeläinen, M. Kinnari

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the seed production variety experiments in Finland from 1977 to 1992 the mean seed yield of timothy (Phleum pratense) cultivar Alma was 717 kg ha^-1, of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) cv. Boris 622 kg ha^-1, of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cv. Retu 350 kg ha^-1, of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cv. Riikka, of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) cv. Haka 295 kg ha^-1, and red clover (Trifolium pratense) cv. Hankkijan Venla 403 kg ha^-1. From 1988 to 1998 annual …

A Mélange Of Subduction Ages: Constraints On The Timescale Of Shear Zone Development And Underplating At The Subduction Interface, Catalina Schist (Ca, Usa), K. M. Harvey, S. Walker, P. G. Starr, S. C. Penniston-Dorland, M. J. Kohn, E. F. Baxter

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The presence of mélange at the subduction interface influences numerous geochemical and geophysical processes. However, the relationship between the timescales of mélange development, deformation, and resultant mass transport is poorly understood. Here, we use Sm-Nd garnet geochronology to elucidate the timing of peak metamorphism for five garnet amphibolite tectonic blocks from the amphibolite-facies mélange zone of the Catalina Schist (Santa Catalina Island, CA). Ages range from 108 to 116 Ma and do not appear to correlate with the peak metamorphic temperature recorded by each block (between 640 and 740°C). The lack of correlation between age and peak temperature favors the …

Coupled Inversion Of Hydraulic And Self-Potential Data From Transient Outflow Experiments To Estimate Soil Petrophysical Properties, Jing Xie, Yian Cui, Qifei Niu

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hydraulicproperties of soils could play an important role in affecting the partitioning of precipitation in the critical zone. In addition to traditional approaches, in the last two decades, many geophysical methods have been used to aid the hydrologic characterization and measurement of geological materials. In particular, the self-potential (SP) method shows great potential in these hydrogeophysical applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the addition of SP data can improve the estimation of hydraulic properties of soils in an outflow experiment. A stochastic, coupled hydrogeophysical inversion was developed, in which the governing equations were solved using the …

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, September 2021, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 2, Issue 9.

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards and Recognition
Page 3 Student Clubs in Natural Science
Page 4 Media Coverage of CNS
Page 5 Hobo Day Festivities
Page 6 Open PRAIRIE Data; Grants Awarded in CNS
Page 7 One Day for State Recap

Sorption Of Metals At The Barite (001)-Water Interface, Inva Braha

Student Theses

Abstract

Ion desorption processes control the retention of ions, such as Pb²⁺, at barite surfaces, whereas ion adsorption processes are a likely initial step in the incorporation of divalent cations, such as Sr²⁺ and Pb²⁺, into barite. Based on previous studies on samples dominated by flat terraces with relatively few defects, Sr²⁺ and Pb²⁺ adsorb and incorporate at the barite (001)-water interface (Bracco et al., 2019; Bracco et al., 2020). Here, I measured how susceptible lead (Pb) is to desorption and the role surface variability plays in its sorption behavior. First, I measured …

(Re)Proposal Of Three Cambrian Subsystems And Their Geochronology, Ed Landing, Gerd Geyer, Mark D. Schmitz, Thomas Wotte, Artem Kouchinsky

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Cambrian is anomalous among geological systems as many reports divide it into three divisions of indeterminate rank. This use of “lower”, “middle”, and “upper” has been a convenient way to subdivide the Cambrian despite agreement it consists of four global series. Traditional divisions of the system into regional series (Lower, Middle, Upper) reflected local biotic developments not interprovincially correlatable with any precision. However, use of “lower”, “middle”, and “upper” is unsatisfactory. These adjectives lack standard definition, evoke the regional series, and are misused. Notably, there is an almost 50 year use of three Cambrian subsystems and a 1997 proposal …

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No abstract provided.

Catastrophic Beach Sand Losses Due To Erosion From Predicted Future Sea Level Rise (0.5–1.0 M), Based On Increasing Submarine Accommodation Spaces In The High-Wave-Energy Coast Of The Pacific Northwest, Washington, Oregon, And Northern California, Usa, Curt D. Peterson, Don Joseph Pettit, Kara E. P. Kingen, Sandy Vanderburgh, Chuck Rosenfeld

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) coastline (1000 km) has been analyzed for conditions that could impact beach erosion from potential near-future (100 year) sea level rise (SLR). Heavy mineral analysis of river, beach, and shelf samples (n = 105) establish the sources of the beach deposits. River bedload discharge and intervening estuarine sinks for river sand supplies (n = 31) were normalized to the one century time interval. Twenty-six subcell beaches (657 km in combined length) were surveyed (153 profiles) for beach sand widths (20–412 m) and sand cross-sectional areas (20–1810 m2 ) above wave-cut platforms and/or 0 m tidal …

Transcontinental Retroarc Sediment Routing Controlled By Subduction Geometry And Climate Change (Central And Southern Andes, Argentina), Eduardo Garzanti, Tomas Capaldi, Giovanni Vezzoli, Mara Limonta, Numa Sosa

Geoscience Faculty Research

Central Argentina from the Pampean flat-slab segment to northern Patagonia (27°–41°S) represents a classic example of a broken retroarc basin with strong tectonic and climatic control on fluvial sediment transport. Combined with previous research focused on coastal sediments, this actualistic provenance study uses framework petrography and heavy-mineral data to trace multistep dispersal of volcaniclastic detritus first eastwards across central Argentina for up to ca. 1,500 km and next northwards for another 760 km along the Atlantic coast. Although detritus generated in the Andes is largely derived from mesosilicic volcanic rocks of the cordillera, its compositional signatures reflect different tectono-stratigraphic levels …

Redefining The Age Of The Lower Colorado River, Southwestern United States: Forum Reply, R. S. Crow, J. Schwing, K. E. Karlstrom, M. Heizler, P. A. Pearthree, P. K. House, S. Dulin, Susanne U. Jänecke, M. Stelten, L. J. Crossey

Geosciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Water Quality Of Three Bar-Built Estuaries In The Central Coast Of California, Micaelina Sarmiento Martinez

Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects

Estuaries are coastal confluences with innumerable ecosystem services. With the continuous change in land use including the increasing number of people moving to live in coastal areas and on-going agricultural operations, these coastal systems are being adversely impacted. Climate change is also negatively affecting estuaries. Subsequently, this research study assessed the water quality, monthly, at three different locations of three bar-built estuaries in the Central Coast of California. Water quality was evaluated by the change in chlorophyll-a, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductivity over the course of 19 months. The eutrophication potential and the role of open …

Detrital Zircon Record Of Magmatism And Sediment Dispersal Across The North American Cordilleran Arc System (28–48°N), T. M. Schwartz, Kathleen D. Surpless, J. P. Colgan, S. A. Johnstone, C. S. Holm-Denoma

Earth and Environmental Geosciences Faculty Research

As zircon U-Pb geochronology has become a leading method in sediment provenance studies and basin analysis over the past 20 years, the volume of detrital zircon data made available in published literature has enabled researchers to go beyond source-to-sink provenance studies to explore increasingly complex geologic problems. In this review, we utilize the growing body of detrital zircon data acquired from Jurassic-Paleocene forearc and foreland basin strata of the North American Cordillera to investigate the Mesozoic to earliest Cenozoic evolution of the arc and its associated basins between 28°N and 48°N. Our compilation includes 830 detrital zircon samples (101,898 individual …

Effects Of Copper Oxide (Cuo) And Zinc Oxide (Zno) Nano And Bulk Forms To Soil Fungal Community [Research Note], Jonathan Jaime Guerrero, Teresita Dalisay, Nolissa Organo, Ireneo Pangga

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The effects of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in bulk and nano forms on soil fungal community was determined. Lipa clay loam soil collected from the University of the Philippines Los Baños were placed in polypropylene bags and amended with 300 mg/L of CuO or ZnO in either forms. Colony-forming units (CFU) as well as average well color development (AWCD), functional richness and stress index were determined on day 1, 8 and 15 via indirect viable plate count method and community – level physiological profiling (CLPP). Fungal isolates from the same soil samples were likewise identified and tested …

Laboratory Capabilities, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Fact sheet about the Energy & Environmental Research Center’s laboratory capabilities including reservoir characterization, organic geochemistry, fluid sampling, and material analysis. A list of publications and laboratory information is also included.

Reproductive Characteristics Of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus On Artificial Reefs In Different Jurisdictions, Catheline Y. M. Froehlich, Adam M. Lee, Ramiro Oquita, Carlos E. Cintra-Buenrostro, J. Dale Shively

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Reproductive activity of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860) at artificial reefs (ARs) are only recently being investigated. Yet, the management of the fishery differs on a regional basis with state and federal jurisdictions, and reproductive differences among regions have not been investigated. To compare the reproductive activity of L. campechanus among state (inshore) and federal (offshore) jurisdictions, individuals were collected in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico from four ARs on a quarterly basis for 2 yrs. Inshore sites exhibited fishing pressure year round whereas offshore sites only had fishing season open during a few months of summer. Collected individuals …

Analysis Of The Vertical Movement Of Active Gnss Stations As A Result Of Semidiurnal Tides, Rose Pearson, Eugen Niculae

Conference papers

Ireland is subject to the constant effects and influence of semidiurnal tides. Western coastal regions are exposed to tidal ranges up to and exceeding five metres, consequentially introducing varied water volumes with temporal intervals. In addition, the Earth is elastic in composition, resulting in morphing and warping at the hands of celestial and oceanic forces.

This study looked at Online Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service to accurately monitor the vertical movement of coastal lands. In addition, GNSS Static Post-processing was conducted to discern which method of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) processing is best for detecting VLM (vertical land …

Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Oae2) Imprint On The Northwestern Part Of The Adriatic Carbonate Platform And A Coeval Intra-Platform Basin (Istria And Premuda Island, Croatia), Vlatko Brčić, Bosiljka Glumac, Mihovil Brlek, Ladislav Fuček, Martina Šparica Miko

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (CTB) on the intra-Tethyan Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) is generally characterised by a transition between microbially laminated and/or bioclastic limestones to calcisphere-rich massive limestone with bioturbated intervals, organic-rich interbeds, firmgrounds, as well as neptunian dikes, carbonate turbidites, tempestites and slumped structures. Compilation of the results from two study sites in the northwestern part of the AdCP and from previous research (on Istria Peninsula and islands in the Adriatic Sea in Croatia) provides a more complete overview of geological events and paleoenvironmental conditions that transformed the formerly contiguous shallow-marine environments during this time period. For the first time, …

Quartz Grain Microtextures Illuminate Pliocene Periglacial Sand Fluxes On The Antarctic Continental Margin, Sandra Passchier, Melissa A. Hansen, Jessica Rosenberg

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

On high-latitude continental margins sediment is supplied from land to the deep sea through a variety of processes, including iceberg and sea-ice rafting, and bottom current transport. The accurate reconstruction of sediment fluxes from these sources through time is important in palaeoclimate reconstructions. The goal of this study was to assess a shift in the intensity of glacial processes, iceberg and sea-ice rafting during the Pliocene through an investigation of coarse sediment deposited at the AND-2A site in the Ross Sea and at International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1359 on the Antarctic continental rise. Terrigenous particle-size distributions and suites of …

Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of A Lagoon Salt Marsh In Davenport, California, Mark D. Gormley

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Wetlands are complex environments that play a critical role in regulating the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Wetlands are critical contributors to global climate change and atmospheric chemistry since they store as much as 33% of the world’s soil organic carbon (SOC), release more than 20% of the atmospheric methane (CH₄), and produce nitrous oxide (N₂O), an extremely potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Despite the enormous radiative forcing potential of carbon dioxide (CO₂), CH₄ and N₂O derived from wetlands, uncertainties over the rates of C sequestration and GHG …

Evaluation Of The Potential Of Automated Sem-Eds Analysis For The Discrimination Of Inorganic Soil Particles, Anna S. Duggar

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Soil, that complex mixture of minerals, organic particles, chemicals, and anthropogenic materials, is ubiquitous and easily transferred, which gives it forensic relevance. Forensic soil analysis has traditionally included the identification and comparison of both organic and inorganic components, the inorganic portion being most commonly examined by light microscopy and other instrumental techniques. Predominantly, the inorganic materials in soil are naturally-occurring minerals, contributed as grains from the surrounding bedrock, which gives a soil its regional character. That parent material then undergoes physical, chemical, and anthropogenic changes producing wide geographic variation within a single region. This variation forms the basis for potential …

Geochronological Implications Of 210Pb And 137Cs Mobility In Cave Guano Deposits, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg

International Journal of Speleology

Some recent publications on the paleo- and historical environmental interpretation of bat guano sequences have relied on ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs distribution to establish age-depth models, even when these are at odds with radiocarbon models in the lower parts of the sequence. Here, we present both field and laboratory evidence for the unpredictable mobility of lead and cesium in decomposing bat guano deposits. We suggest that ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-based chronologies of bat guano deposits should only be used when independently supported, for example, by a robust radiocarbon age-depth model.

Shale Softening Based On Pore Network And Laboratory Investigations, Di Zhang

Dissertations

This dissertation consists of two major parts: Firstly, experimental investigation of four major shale softening mechanisms and quantifications of structural parameters. Secondly, numerical simulations of nano-scale flow behaviors using the previous experiments determined parameters based on modified pore network modeling.

Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to economical gas production from shale reservoirs. Still, the gradual swelling of the clay micro/nano-pores due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing causes a gradual reduction of gas production. Four different gas-bearing shale samples are investigated to quantify the expected shale swelling due to hydraulic fracturing. These shale samples are subject to heated deionized (DI) …

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No abstract provided.