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Articles 14161 - 14190 of 59516

Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences

The Interaction Of Different Primary Producers And Physical And Chemical Dynamics Of An Urban Shallow Lake, Majid Sahin Sep 2022

The Interaction Of Different Primary Producers And Physical And Chemical Dynamics Of An Urban Shallow Lake, Majid Sahin

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

An artificial urban shallow lake, Prospect Park Lake (PPL), is situated on a terminal moraine in Brooklyn New York, and supplied with municipal water treated with ortho-phosphates. The constant input of the phosphate nutrient is the primary source of eutrophication in the lake. The numerous pools along the water course houses various aquatic phototrophs, which influence the water quality and the state of the system, driving conditions into favoring the survival of their species. In the first half of the dissertation, the focus of the project is on analyzing how the different primary producers in different regions of PPL affect …


Production Of Distilled Spirits Using Grain Sorghum Through Liquid Fermentation, Thomas Weiss, Jikai Zhao, Ruijia Hu, Meicen Liu, Yonghui Li, Yi Zheng, Gordon Smith, Donghai Wang Sep 2022

Production Of Distilled Spirits Using Grain Sorghum Through Liquid Fermentation, Thomas Weiss, Jikai Zhao, Ruijia Hu, Meicen Liu, Yonghui Li, Yi Zheng, Gordon Smith, Donghai Wang

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The objectives of this research were to investigate the fermentation performance of US sorghum varieties for the production of distilled spirits as well as their associated coproducts and to study the formation of volatile compounds that are related to the flavor quality of the spirits. Three US sorghum varieties (red, white, and waxy sorghums) and four yeast strains (DADY, Ethanol Red, GR-2, and 71B) were used for distilled spirit production. Both sorghum variety and type of yeast strains had effects on alcohol concentration and alcohol yield. The alcohol concentration varied from 10.26 to 11.34% (v/v) while alcohol yield varied from …


Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations During Independence Day Fireworks Display In The Lower Rio Grande Valley Region, South Texas, Usa, Esmeralda Mendez, Owen Temby, Dawid K. Wladyka, Katarzyna Sepielak, Amit U. Raysoni Sep 2022

Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations During Independence Day Fireworks Display In The Lower Rio Grande Valley Region, South Texas, Usa, Esmeralda Mendez, Owen Temby, Dawid K. Wladyka, Katarzyna Sepielak, Amit U. Raysoni

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Fireworks are typically discharged as a mark of celebration and joy in many societies spanning various cultures. In the United States of America, 4th July is celebrated as the Independence Day when the nation overthrew the British colonial yoke in 1776. While this day instills a sense of patriotism in every American’s heart, it is also a major PM2.5 air pollution concern. This study is first of its type in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (RGV) Region of South Texas, USA, that characterizes fine particulate matter pollution. Using a low-cost sensor (TSI BlueSky Air Quality Monitor), real-time PM2.5 measurements were …


Why New Zealand’S Indigenous Reconciliation Process Has Failed To Empower Māori Fishers: Distributional, Procedural, And Recognition-Based Injustices, Hekia Bodwitch, Andrew M. Song, Owen Temby, John Reid, Megan Bailey, Gordon M. Hickey Sep 2022

Why New Zealand’S Indigenous Reconciliation Process Has Failed To Empower Māori Fishers: Distributional, Procedural, And Recognition-Based Injustices, Hekia Bodwitch, Andrew M. Song, Owen Temby, John Reid, Megan Bailey, Gordon M. Hickey

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

How is it that the New Zealand government’s process for re-establishing Indigenous fishing rights has failed to deliver thriving Māori fisheries? This paper examines why, at Te Waihora, a coastal lake, and site of one of the nation’s longest running and best-funded state-Māori co-governance agreements, Māori fishers have been unable to use their rights to support their fishery. As of 2018, the lake’s culturally and ecologically significant eel population was no longer commercially viable, a decline fishers have attributed to rampant dairy industry expansion upstream. Drawing on environmental justice literatures, we deploy a multi-dimensional framework to identify factors shaping possibilities …


Low Soil Nitrogen And Moisture Limit The Expansion Of The Invasive Grass, Megathyrsus Maximus (Guinea Grass) In Semi-Arid Soils, E. Penelope Holland, Vanessa Thomas, Pushpa G. Soti Sep 2022

Low Soil Nitrogen And Moisture Limit The Expansion Of The Invasive Grass, Megathyrsus Maximus (Guinea Grass) In Semi-Arid Soils, E. Penelope Holland, Vanessa Thomas, Pushpa G. Soti

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

The goal of this study was to predict the range expansion potential of an invasive forage grass, Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus). We collected rhizosphere soil samples of M. maximus and coexisting species from 150 different locations and analysed them for soil properties. We estimated the probability of M. maximus presence as a function of soil moisture, organic matter, pH, salinity, total N, and CN ratio using logistic regression. Presence of M. maximus was associated with higher soil moisture, higher organic matter, pH, and nitrogen, but lower salinity and CN ratio. Soil nitrogen and moisture …


Nutrient Dynamics And Ecosystem Development Of Urban Forests, Gisselle A. Mejía Sep 2022

Nutrient Dynamics And Ecosystem Development Of Urban Forests, Gisselle A. Mejía

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Urban growth and expansion are a major component of global environmental change, with impacts on climate, air and water quality, biodiversity, and human well-being. Forests embedded in urban landscapes are critical in mitigating these impacts at local, regional, and continental scales. However, assessing urban forests is difficult because cities are heterogenous in physical, chemical, biological, and social dimensions. This heterogeneity has constrained how urban forests are defined, and therefore, how they are studied. The objective of this dissertation is to determine how these biophysical and social factors drive ecological processes in urban forests and will address three outstanding challenges in …


Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_6, Mgrre Aug 2022

Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_6, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_5, Mgrre Aug 2022

Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_5, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_4, Mgrre Aug 2022

Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_4, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_3, Mgrre Aug 2022

Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_3, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_2, Mgrre Aug 2022

Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_2, Mgrre

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Decoupled Land And Ocean Temperature Trends In The Early-Middle Pleistocene, Hongxuan Lu, Weiguo Liu, Hong Yang, Qin Leng, Zhonghui Liu, Yunning Cao, Jing Hu, Weijuan Sheng, Huanye Wang, Zheng Wang, Zeke Zhang, Youbin Sun, Weijian Zhou, Zhisheng An Aug 2022

Decoupled Land And Ocean Temperature Trends In The Early-Middle Pleistocene, Hongxuan Lu, Weiguo Liu, Hong Yang, Qin Leng, Zhonghui Liu, Yunning Cao, Jing Hu, Weijuan Sheng, Huanye Wang, Zheng Wang, Zeke Zhang, Youbin Sun, Weijian Zhou, Zhisheng An

Science and Technology Department Faculty Journal Articles

Record of long-term land temperature changes remains ephemeral, discontinuous, and isolated, thus leaving the common view that Pleistocene land temperature evolution should have followed ocean temperatures unconfirmed. Here, we present a continuous land surface temperature reconstruction in the Asian monsoon region over the past 3.0 Myr based on the distribution of soil bacterial lipids from the Chinese Loess Plateau. The land temperature record indicates an unexpected warming trend over the Pleistocene, which is opposite to the cooling trend in Pleistocene ocean temperatures, resulting in increased land-sea thermal contrast. We propose that the previously unrecognized increase of land-sea thermal contrast during …


Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_1, Mgrre Aug 2022

Mgrre_Thinsections_05_A_1, Mgrre

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Table Of Contents, The Editors Aug 2022

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.


Experimental Study On The Mechanical Properties Of Coal-Like Materials For Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation, Zhai Cheng, Zheng Yangfeng, Yu Xu, Xu Jizhao, Sun Yong, Cong Yuzhou, Tang Wei, Li Yujie, Zhu Xinyu, Chen Aikun Aug 2022

Experimental Study On The Mechanical Properties Of Coal-Like Materials For Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation, Zhai Cheng, Zheng Yangfeng, Yu Xu, Xu Jizhao, Sun Yong, Cong Yuzhou, Tang Wei, Li Yujie, Zhu Xinyu, Chen Aikun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Simulation experiments on hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam in the laboratory are an effective method to study the mechanism of fracturing and enhancing permeability of coal-rock mass by hydraulic fracturing in coal mines. However, the technology in-situ sampling for large-size coal mass is immature, and the existing large-size coal samples are mostly taken from the stress-relaxation area, which can be further damaged in the transportation and preparation processes, causing large dispersion in test results. Therefore, The use of coal-like materials is a viable option to replace large-size raw coal for hydraulic fracturing simulation experiments. The mechanical properties of coal-like …


High-Efficiency Regional Gas Drainage Model After Hydraulic Fracturing Of Comb-Shaped Long Boreholes In The Roof Of Broken Soft And Low Permeability Coal Seam, Chen Dongdong, Wang Jianli, Jia Bingyi, Xi Jie Aug 2022

High-Efficiency Regional Gas Drainage Model After Hydraulic Fracturing Of Comb-Shaped Long Boreholes In The Roof Of Broken Soft And Low Permeability Coal Seam, Chen Dongdong, Wang Jianli, Jia Bingyi, Xi Jie

Coal Geology & Exploration

Advanced management of gas enrichment area is an important guarantee to realize safe, efficient and intelligent mining in coal mine. Aiming at the problem of high-efficiency gas drainage in broken and soft coal seam region, taking No.3 coal seam in Hancheng mining area as the research object, a gas drainage mode of comb-shaped long borehole hydraulic fracturing in the roof of coal seam is proposed. The applicability of the model is verified by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test, and the fracture propagation law, gas drainage mechanism, and fracturing curve features of comb-shaped borehole in adjacent roof …


Experimental Study Of Hydraulic Fracture Evolution With Materials Similar To The Structural Plane, Li Quangui, Wu Xiaobin, Hu Qianting, Liu Le, Shi Jialin, Song Mingyang Aug 2022

Experimental Study Of Hydraulic Fracture Evolution With Materials Similar To The Structural Plane, Li Quangui, Wu Xiaobin, Hu Qianting, Liu Le, Shi Jialin, Song Mingyang

Coal Geology & Exploration

The structural plane extensively occurs in coal measures, and is one of the key factors affecting the hydraulic fracturing effect of coal/rock. The fabrication time and filling material types of the structural plane were adjusted to obtain the coal/rock specimens without the filling structural plane, or the coal/rock specimens with the filling structural plane. The physical experiment for hydraulic fracturing was carried out to find out the effect and action mechanism of the structural plane type and injected flow rate on hydraulic fracture extension. As indicated by the result, in the condition of the injected flow rate of 50 mL/min, …


Compositionally And Density Stratified Igneous Terrain In Jezero Crater, Mars, Roger C. Wiens, Arya Udry, Olivier Beyssac, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Nicolas Mangold, 80+ Authors Contributed To This Work Aug 2022

Compositionally And Density Stratified Igneous Terrain In Jezero Crater, Mars, Roger C. Wiens, Arya Udry, Olivier Beyssac, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Nicolas Mangold, 80+ Authors Contributed To This Work

Geoscience Faculty Research

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater’s floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which …


Research On Hydraulic Fracturing Technology And Equipment Of Directional Long Drilling With Sand In Coal Seam Roof, Zhang Jian, Liu Le, Zhao Jizhan, Sun Siqing, Wang Chenyang Aug 2022

Research On Hydraulic Fracturing Technology And Equipment Of Directional Long Drilling With Sand In Coal Seam Roof, Zhang Jian, Liu Le, Zhao Jizhan, Sun Siqing, Wang Chenyang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Due to low permeability, fast gas-rate decline, uneven fracturing, easy fracture closure, it is difficult to perform advance gas extraction in broken-soft coal seams. Aimed at these issues, this study has been proposed a new idea to enhance the coalbed permeability and eventually the gas extraction, which is based on roof-supporting, long-reach directional drilling, and hydraulic fracturing. Corresponding equipment including fracturing pump unit, directional sandblasting perforation assembly, sand control packer and tools have been developed. Specifically, the pumping unit is capable of a pumping rate up to 90 m3/h, a pumping pressure up to 70 MPa, and a …


Optimized Design And Surface Additive Technology Of Pdc Bit For Hard Rock Directional Drilling, Wang Chuanliu, Jin Xin, Gao Xiaoliang, Zhang Peng Aug 2022

Optimized Design And Surface Additive Technology Of Pdc Bit For Hard Rock Directional Drilling, Wang Chuanliu, Jin Xin, Gao Xiaoliang, Zhang Peng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Directional long drilling is the main technical means of gas and water hazard control in coal mines, and the performance of PDC directional bit is an important factor which affects the drilling efficiency in hard rock. In view of frequent tripping and low that caused by the broken PDC bit body and PDC tooth collapse in the construction of directional long drilling in the roof and floor of coal seams, the principle of equal cutting teeth distribution is used to optimize the blade teeth distribution to reduce the impact damage of the cutter. Through the simulated analysis of fluid mechanics, …


Research Progress And Development Trend Of Staged Hydraulic Fracturing Technology In Long-Borehole Underground Coal Mine, Sun Siqing, Li Wenbo, Zhang Jian, Chen Dongdong, Zhao Jizhan, Zheng Kaige, Long Weicheng, Wang Chenyang, Jia Bingyi, Du Tianlin, Liu Le, Yang Huan, Dai Nan Aug 2022

Research Progress And Development Trend Of Staged Hydraulic Fracturing Technology In Long-Borehole Underground Coal Mine, Sun Siqing, Li Wenbo, Zhang Jian, Chen Dongdong, Zhao Jizhan, Zheng Kaige, Long Weicheng, Wang Chenyang, Jia Bingyi, Du Tianlin, Liu Le, Yang Huan, Dai Nan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Since the “13th Five-Year Plan”, significant progress has been made in the directional long-borehole staged hydraulic fracturing technology, equipment development and engineering demonstration application of underground coal mine through the technical research, equipment development and engineering test with directional long-borehole and staged hydraulic fracturing technology in combination, focusing on the two major issues of regional permeability enhancement, efficient gas drainage and rock weakening treatment of hard roof for coal seams in underground coal mine in China. It is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1) Two staged hydraulic fracturing technologies and tools with/without rig movement have been developed. Specifically, …


Dynamic Disaster Evolution Mechanism Of High Mine Pressure At Hard Roof And Advance Area Prevention And Control Technology, Zheng Kaige, Wang Lintao, Li Bingang, Li Yanjun, Yang Huan, Yang Sen, Dai Nan, Wang Haojie, Wang Zeyang, Xi Jie Aug 2022

Dynamic Disaster Evolution Mechanism Of High Mine Pressure At Hard Roof And Advance Area Prevention And Control Technology, Zheng Kaige, Wang Lintao, Li Bingang, Li Yanjun, Yang Huan, Yang Sen, Dai Nan, Wang Haojie, Wang Zeyang, Xi Jie

Coal Geology & Exploration

The overlying roof on the hard roof working bench is usually not likely to fall off, while tends to form dynamic pressure disaster. The stress evolution characteristics and roof breaking mechanism before and after hard roof weakening were analyzed and revealed using the methods of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, and the advance area prevention and control technology were proposed and applied in the field practice, for the typical dynamic disaster problem of high mine pressure that was caused by the hard roof against the background of the Buertai Coal Mine in the Shendong Mine Area. As indicated by the …


Study Of Constitutive Model Of Frozen Sandstone Damage Based On Weibull Distribution, Yi Ming, Zhao Tao, Ma Feifei, Wang Lei, Yuan Chao Aug 2022

Study Of Constitutive Model Of Frozen Sandstone Damage Based On Weibull Distribution, Yi Ming, Zhao Tao, Ma Feifei, Wang Lei, Yuan Chao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Abstract: The deformation and destruction characteristics of frozen rock is a basic mechanical problem encountered during the construction using the freezing method. Under the action of load, the mechanical characteristics and deformation characteristics are greatly different for the rock with different freezing temperatures, which significantly affects the safety and stability of the freezing wall. Therefore, the study of the damage constitutive relation of the frozen rock is significant for instructing the freezing method design and construction. In order to analyze the whole process of the frozen rock deformation and destruction under load action, the Weibull distribution was adopted to describe …


Experimental Study On Power Matching Of Modular Double Pumping Stations Of Tunnel Drilling Rig, Lu Feifei, Fan Dong, Tian Hongliang Aug 2022

Experimental Study On Power Matching Of Modular Double Pumping Stations Of Tunnel Drilling Rig, Lu Feifei, Fan Dong, Tian Hongliang

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to solve the problems of heavy weight, relocation and transportation of the power pumping station of tunnel drilling rigs, it is proposed to divide the pumping station through modular design, and adopt the solution of small-displacement, dual-power and dual-pump confluence, effectively reducing the transportation size and weight of a single pump station. A single-pump station or a double-pump confluence is chosen according to the working conditions to improve the flexibility of the drilling rig and reduce energy consumption. The load-sensing system has the advantages of energy saving, good load adaptability, and convenient speed regulation. However, when the dual-load-sensing …


Study Of Technologies And Equipment Of Continuous Hydraulic Sand Fracturing For Permeability Enhancement At High Pressure Side Of Coal Mine Downhole, Jia Bingyi, Li Shugang, Chen Dongdong, Lin Haifei, Zheng Kaige, Sun Siqing, Zhao Jizhan Aug 2022

Study Of Technologies And Equipment Of Continuous Hydraulic Sand Fracturing For Permeability Enhancement At High Pressure Side Of Coal Mine Downhole, Jia Bingyi, Li Shugang, Chen Dongdong, Lin Haifei, Zheng Kaige, Sun Siqing, Zhao Jizhan

Coal Geology & Exploration

The technological concept of sand fracturing at the high pressure side is proposed against the present situation where the coal mine downhole operation space is small, the power and water supply capacities are limited, and the surface sand fracturing equipment cannot be applied directly in the coal mine downhole. On the basis of the principle of sand mixing and carrying through hydrodynamic impact, the continuous hydraulic sand fracturing equipment at the high pressure side was developed. Such equipment requires no external power source for sand mixing. It forms cyclone impact through the changes in the flow regime and flow field …


Enhanced Gas Drainage Technology By Staged Fracturing In Long Bedding Borehole In Hard Coal Bed Of Underground Coal Mine And Its Application, Wang Chenyang, Li Shugang, Zhang Yongtao, Guo Yi, Sun Siqing, Chen Dongdong, Dou Chengyi Aug 2022

Enhanced Gas Drainage Technology By Staged Fracturing In Long Bedding Borehole In Hard Coal Bed Of Underground Coal Mine And Its Application, Wang Chenyang, Li Shugang, Zhang Yongtao, Guo Yi, Sun Siqing, Chen Dongdong, Dou Chengyi

Coal Geology & Exploration

In view of the problems of rapid attenuation, long period and low efficiency of gas drainage in hard coal bed, the enhanced gas drainage technology of increasing the permeability of coal bed by staged fracturing in long bedding borehole was put forward for the medium-to-hard coal bed. Herein, research was conducted on No.4 coal bed of Shaanxi Binchang Mining Area. Specifically, the change characteristics of micro-pore structure of coal body before and after hydraulic fracturing were comparatively analyzed by high-resolution electron microscope (SEM) in the laboratory. Meanwhile, the stress characteristics of packer and the stability of borehole were simulated with …


Analysis And Prospect Of Precise Prevention And Control Technical System Ahead Of Large Areas And Time For Gas Disasters In China, Liu Cheng, Sun Dongling, Wu Wenbin, Li Liangwei, Sun Zhongguang Aug 2022

Analysis And Prospect Of Precise Prevention And Control Technical System Ahead Of Large Areas And Time For Gas Disasters In China, Liu Cheng, Sun Dongling, Wu Wenbin, Li Liangwei, Sun Zhongguang

Coal Geology & Exploration

To meet the rapid development of coal mine automation and intelligent production and the urgent need for rapid prevention and regional management outburst, and to promote the development of the gas disaster control technology system in large areas of coal mines, this paper aims to solve the problem of traditional coal seam drilling gas drainage technology, which is “not deep enough to be drilled and cannot be pumped out and cannot be tested.” It analyzes the application effects of technical equipment such as directional drilling, surface wells, staged hydraulic fracturing, deep hole sampling, and detection while drilling in various geological …


Study On Long-Distance Fixed-Point Sealed Coring Technology In Broken-Soft Coal Seam, Long Weicheng, Sun Siqing, Chen Jian Aug 2022

Study On Long-Distance Fixed-Point Sealed Coring Technology In Broken-Soft Coal Seam, Long Weicheng, Sun Siqing, Chen Jian

Coal Geology & Exploration

With the rapid development of mining, drilling and other technologies in the field of coal mine and the increasing demand for enhancing production and profit in the coal mine, the demand is increasingly urgent for detection of coal seam gas content in the initial stage. In recent years, the gas content measurement technology of underground long borehole high-pressure water sealed coring has been applied in the medium hard coal seam mining area with remarkable effects, but its application is limited in broken-soft coal seam. A number of issues are encountered that easy breakup of coal core sample, easy wall collapse …


Hydrochemical Characteristics And Source Analysis Of Deep Groundwater In Qianyingzi Coal Mine, Chen Kai, Liu Qimeng, Liu Yu, Peng Weihua, Wang Zitao, Zhao Xiang Aug 2022

Hydrochemical Characteristics And Source Analysis Of Deep Groundwater In Qianyingzi Coal Mine, Chen Kai, Liu Qimeng, Liu Yu, Peng Weihua, Wang Zitao, Zhao Xiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

The shallow coal resources in China have been gradually depleted. Under the condition that the deep coal exploitation has been started, the threat from the high-artesian limestone water at the coal seam floor is greater. Deep understanding of the hydrochemical composition control mechanism in the aquifer of the mine area is an important scientific precondition for pertinently carrying out water hazard prevention and control. In order to find out the qualitative and quantitative sources of the conventional ions which in the deep ground water of the Anhui Qianyingzi Coal Mine, the 22 conventional ion concentrations in limestone water were analyzed …


Floor Failure Law Of Extra-Thick Coal Seam In Fully Mechanized Caving Mining, Guo Guoqiang Aug 2022

Floor Failure Law Of Extra-Thick Coal Seam In Fully Mechanized Caving Mining, Guo Guoqiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

The coal mining on the high-artesian water body will cause floor disturbance and damage, and lead to the thinner effective waterproof stratum, which enhances the risk coefficient of water bursting at the floor. Grouting modification of the target horizon is an effective governing measure. However, the grouting within the floor damage scope will waste a large amount of grout and affect the project effect. Therefore, it is especially important to carry out the study of the damage depth and regularity of the coal seam floor. Accordingly, the 5105 working bench of the Yushupo Coal Mine in Shanxi was adopted as …