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Articles 1561 - 1590 of 1880
Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
The Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 6: Jumandi Cave, Ecuador, Stewart B. Peck
The Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 6: Jumandi Cave, Ecuador, Stewart B. Peck
International Journal of Speleology
Twenty-two species of invertebrates are reported from Jumandi Cave, Napo Province, Ecuador. Three are probably trogloxenes, and the other 19 are troglophiles. The only troglobite is the catfish Astroblepus pholeter.
The Occurrence Of The Troglobitic Amphipod, Stygobromus Tenuis Tenuis (Smith) (Crangonyctidae) In The Taconic Mountains Of Southwestern Massachusetts (Usa): A Case For The Existence Of A Subterranean Refugium In A Glaciated Region, Douglas G. Smith
International Journal of Speleology
Stygobromus t. tenuis is one of only two species of troglobitic amphipods known to occur in the New England physiographic province. The rarity of subterranean organisms in New England is attributed to limited karst development and eradication of organisms from the region during glacial times. Traditionally it has been believed that those troglobitic species presently occurring north of the glacial terminus migrated there following glacial retreat from refugia south of the areas influenced by glacial conditions. However, a few recent studies favour the existence of subsurface refugia in glaciated regions during glacial times. Stygobromus t. tenuis is recorded from springs …
The Anatomy And Histology Of The Alimentary Tract Of The Blind Catfish Horaglanis Krishnai Menon, T. V. Anna Mercy, N. Krishna Pillai
The Anatomy And Histology Of The Alimentary Tract Of The Blind Catfish Horaglanis Krishnai Menon, T. V. Anna Mercy, N. Krishna Pillai
International Journal of Speleology
H. krishnai is a blind catfish inhabiting the dug-out wells at Kottavam Kerala, South India. Studies on the alimentary tract of the fish show that, the alimentary tract, though typically teleostean, shows several adaptive modifications. The bulbous stomach helps in storing food which is helpful in an environment chronically deficient in food. The ileo-rectal sphincter helps in retaining the digested food in the intestine for a long duration to facilitate maximum absorption. This is very helpful as the intestine is short. The liver is well developed.
Two New Genera Of Cave-Dwelling Millipedes (Diplopoda), With Remarks On The Millipede Fauna Of West Caucasian Caves, Sergei I. Golovatch
Two New Genera Of Cave-Dwelling Millipedes (Diplopoda), With Remarks On The Millipede Fauna Of West Caucasian Caves, Sergei I. Golovatch
International Journal of Speleology
Two new genera and species of the Diplopoda from Caucasian caves are described: troglobitic Caucasodesmus inexpectatus n.g., n.sp. (family Macrosternodesmidae) from a cave in North Osetia, North Caucasus, and troglophilic Ratcheuma excorne n.g., n.sp. (family Antroleucosomatidae) from a cave in Racha, Georgia, Transcaucasia. Millipedes of the western Caucasian cavernicolous fauna are reviewed as regards their distribution, relationship with caves and zoogeographical connections.
New Records For Salentinella Ruffo (Crustacea Amphipoda) From Phreatic Waters Of Italy And Greece, Giuseppe Lucio Pesce
New Records For Salentinella Ruffo (Crustacea Amphipoda) From Phreatic Waters Of Italy And Greece, Giuseppe Lucio Pesce
International Journal of Speleology
New localities for the subterranean amphipod Salentinella Ruffo from central-eastern Mediterranean are reported. New collecting localities are listed for Italy, continental Greece and islands of Cephalonie and Zante. Furthermore, some remarks are made about the systematics, the variability and the ecology of the genus. Moreover, the Author refers to the main characteristics of a Salentinella sp. from central Italy, showing intermediate features between S. angelieri and S. franciscoloi. A map of the distribution of the genus Salentinella in Italy and in the Balkan-Dalmatian Peninsula is enclosed.
Patterns Of Earthquakes And The Effect Of Solid Earth And Ocean Load Tides At Mount St. Helens Prior To The May 18, 1980, Eruption, Stephen R. Mcnutt, R. J. Beavan
Patterns Of Earthquakes And The Effect Of Solid Earth And Ocean Load Tides At Mount St. Helens Prior To The May 18, 1980, Eruption, Stephen R. Mcnutt, R. J. Beavan
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Seismographs near Mount St. Helens Volcano recorded an earthquake swarm lasting nearly 2 months prior to the catastrophic May 18, 1980, eruption. The earthquakes are divided into four classes based on station CPW (Δ = 116 km) seismogram characteristics: (1) events with Sv:P amplitude ratio >3 and dominant frequency >3 Hz; (2) events with Sv:P ratio between 1 and 3 and dominant frequency >2 Hz; (3) events similar to characteristic 2 but with a strong (probably surface wave) phase just after the S phase; and (4) events with frequencies between 1 and 2 Hz lacking a clear S phase. The …
Bathymetric Prediction From Seasat Altimeter Data, Timothy H. Dixon, M. Naraghi, M. K. Mcnutt, S. M. Smith
Bathymetric Prediction From Seasat Altimeter Data, Timothy H. Dixon, M. Naraghi, M. K. Mcnutt, S. M. Smith
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
The linear response function technique is used to analyze two 1300-km tracks of SEASAT altimeter data and corresponding bathymetry in the Musician Seamounts region north of Hawaii. Bathymetry and geoid height are highly correlated in the 50- to 300-km wavelength range. A predictive filter is developed which can operate on SEASAT altimetry in poorly surveyed oceanic regions to indicate the presence of major bathymétrie anomalies. Modeling of the bathymetry-geoid correlation in the Musician region is attempted using the elastic plate model. The flexural rigidity D of the plate is not well constrained by our data but appears to lie in …
Classification Of Pseudokarst Forms In Czechoslovakia, Jan Vitek
Classification Of Pseudokarst Forms In Czechoslovakia, Jan Vitek
International Journal of Speleology
The paper is a geomorphological classification of pseudokarst forms in Czechoslovakia/Bohemien Massif and the Carpathians. In the author’s opinion, forms occurring in non-carbonate rocks, are morphologically and often genetically analogous to the forms of karst relief, and are pseudokarst phenomena. They are divided according to their size into macroforms in sandstone morphostructures of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin some types of rocky valleys, water-shed plains and ridges, forming rock cities in some places, mesoforms with six types of caves, sinkholes, rock perforations and several rock phenomena and microforms such as weather pits and niches, lapies, etc.. The most prominent pseudokarst phenomena …
Environmental Implications Of Competitive Growth Fabrics In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton
Environmental Implications Of Competitive Growth Fabrics In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton
International Journal of Speleology
Competitive growth fabrics in stalactitic carbonate are not as widespread as commonly supposed. Most radial columnar crystals are attributed to the coalescence of a precursor crystallite mosaic comprised of syntaxial overgrowths. This secondary fabric is the consequence of carbonate precipitation from a thin water film. Competitive growth, however, is much rarer and arises from two contrasting environments: an influx of detritus interrupting carbonate precipitation, and cave flooding. Thick layers of impurities favour deposition of randomly oriented seed crystals on the growth surface. These result in competitive growth centres when the renewal of carbonate precipitation fails to have crystallographic allegience to …
Secondary Origin Of The Radial Fabric In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton
Secondary Origin Of The Radial Fabric In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton
International Journal of Speleology
The growth surfaces of most stalactites are interpreted as numerous syntaxial overgrowth crystallites. These coalesce immediately behind the growth surface, often trapping portions of the water film as fluid-filled cavities. The fluid inclusions represent former inter-crystallite spaces and characterize the widely misinterpreted “growth ring”. Complete crystallite coalescence generates inclusions-free calcite, whereas inhibition of lateral coalescence of the overgrowth crystallites generates layers of acicular calcite. It is generally only during periods of cave flooding that the crystallites merge and overgrow each other and precipitation eventually occurs upon large, planar crystal faces. Stalactitic carbonate growth is secondary, from a multi-crystalline precursor that …
On The Wad-Minerals From The Cavern Environment, Naruhiko Kashima
On The Wad-Minerals From The Cavern Environment, Naruhiko Kashima
International Journal of Speleology
The wad-minerals from limestone caves of Yugoslavia, China and Japan were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed five minerals; birnessite, 10A-manganite, pyrolusite, todorokite and goethite. The heavy metal elements, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cr have been detected by X-ray fluorescence analysis and their contents were roughly determined. The condensation water introduced directly from the covering soils formed by the continental weathering and the deriving corrosive water interaction with limestone could be the input sources of manganese and other metal elements into the system.
Lattice Deformation And Curvature In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton
Lattice Deformation And Curvature In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton
International Journal of Speleology
The cause of lattice curvature is related to the nature of growth on a curved surface, peculiar to stalactites and stalagmites. Lattice curvature in stalactitic carbonate results from the coalescence of sub-parallel to divergent syntaxial overgrowth crystallites on the growing surface of stalactites and stalagmites. Moderate lattice mismatch results in an undulose extinction, or subcrystal domains, whereas more divergent growth favours marked lattice curvature recognized by its optical brush-extinction. Extreme lattice mismatch between the precursor crystallites results a columnar crystal boundary instead of lattice curvature.
Problemas De Fugas A Través Del Karst En La Presa De Tous (España) (Análisis Estructural, Previsión Del Comportamiento Y Recomendeciones), Adolfo Eraso, José Vicente Navarro, Felix Parra, Julia Saint-Aubin, Consuelo Valdes, Juan Pablo Cano, Jésus Ribelles, Joaquin Del Val, Fernando Bermejo
Problemas De Fugas A Través Del Karst En La Presa De Tous (España) (Análisis Estructural, Previsión Del Comportamiento Y Recomendeciones), Adolfo Eraso, José Vicente Navarro, Felix Parra, Julia Saint-Aubin, Consuelo Valdes, Juan Pablo Cano, Jésus Ribelles, Joaquin Del Val, Fernando Bermejo
International Journal of Speleology
In the present work, the problems of leakages happened in Tous’s dam (Valencia-Spain) are studied. Tous’s dam is built on karstic terrains with the existence of caverns and strike-slip faults that at the same time become karstic. In this study the techniques of structural geology are applied, so, we deduct the karstic drainage directions, by using determined hypothesis of work. The confirmation of these hypotheses in the course of our fieldwork has permitted to quantify the probability of those leakages for each direction we found. This circumstance has permitted to foretell the places where it would be possible to expect …
Stenasellus Chapmani N. Sp. Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines De Bornéo (Sarawak), Guy Magniez
Stenasellus Chapmani N. Sp. Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines De Bornéo (Sarawak), Guy Magniez
International Journal of Speleology
The females of a new species of Stenasellidae have been discovered in Snake Cave (= Gua Siput), in Sarawak, 4th Division, Malaysia (Gunong Mulu National Park, Borneo Island), by Mr. Philip Chapman, of Bristol, U.K., during an expedition of the Royal Geographical Society. The females of another larger species were known previously from several Cambodian caves. This suggests the existence of a general distribution of this family in the underground waters of the Peninsula and of the large Islands of the Indochinese Platform. Nevertheless, we must wait for the discovery of the males of these species to study their relationships, …
Three Groundwater Candoninae (Ostracoda) From Romania, Dan L. Danielopol
Three Groundwater Candoninae (Ostracoda) From Romania, Dan L. Danielopol
International Journal of Speleology
Description of Mixtcandona botosaneanu, Mixtacandona loffleri and Phreatocandona motasi, are presented. The first two species belong to the group laisi-chappuisi and have been found in porous and karstic aquifers in Southwest Romania in or near the Lower Danube Valley. Phreatocandona motasi occurs in a porous aquifer in the Olt Valley, at Jiblea, near Calimanesti. Biogeographical information on the present distribution of the Mixtacandona of the group laisi-chappuisi and on the subterranean Candoninae from the Lower Danube Valley in Romania is given.
Absolute Population Censuses Of Cave-Dwelling Crickets: Congruence Between Mark-Recapture And Plot Density Estimates, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Valerio Sbordoni
Absolute Population Censuses Of Cave-Dwelling Crickets: Congruence Between Mark-Recapture And Plot Density Estimates, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Valerio Sbordoni
International Journal of Speleology
The absolute size, N, of a Dolichopoda geniculata population was estimated both by the Lincoln-Petersen index and the total count on sample plot methods in a natural cave in Central Italy. 19 pairs of estimates, obtained over 2 years, exhibit a seasonal pattern and a mean value of N ≈ 430. Differences between estimates obtained with the 2 methods are not significant (P > 0.8). These results, and data from the literature enable most of the major factors influencing the two types of estimates to be identified. Respective cases where methods may be preferably applied are suggested.
Observations On The Biology Of Cave Planarians Of The United States, Jerry H. Carpenter
Observations On The Biology Of Cave Planarians Of The United States, Jerry H. Carpenter
International Journal of Speleology
Observations are made on the biology of several species of cave planarians (mostly of the family Kenkiidae) collected alive from over 50 caves in 14 states. Most of these species were maintained in laboratory cultures at 12°C±3°C. Food eaten was extremely variable. Functions of the anterior adhesive organ included food capture, locomotion, defence against predators, and probably chemoreception, mechanoreception, and as a holdfast in strong currents. Predators probably consist of fishes, crayfishes, and salamanders. Sporozoan and ciliated parasites were found occasionally. Cocoons were found in winter, spring, and summer; they hatched in about 3 months and contained 2 to 17 …
Paramexiweckelia, A New Genus Of Subterranean Amphipod Crustacean (Hadziidae) From Northern Mexico, John R. Holsinger
Paramexiweckelia, A New Genus Of Subterranean Amphipod Crustacean (Hadziidae) From Northern Mexico, John R. Holsinger
International Journal of Speleology
Paramexiweckelia, new genus, is described from a groundwater outlet in Cohauila, Mexico. The type-species, by monotypy, is Mexiweckelia particeps Holsinger. Based on the number of its plesiomorphic (ancestral) characters, this genus is the most primitive member of the family Hadziidae from the North American mainland.
Lamtobathynella Pentodonta N.G., N.Sp., Leptobathynellidé Nouveau D'Afrique (Côte D'Lvoire) (Malacostraca, Bathynellacea), Eugène Serban, Nicole Coineau
Lamtobathynella Pentodonta N.G., N.Sp., Leptobathynellidé Nouveau D'Afrique (Côte D'Lvoire) (Malacostraca, Bathynellacea), Eugène Serban, Nicole Coineau
International Journal of Speleology
Lamtobathynella pentodonta n.g., n.sp. is described. We consider then its relations with the genus Leptobathynella and Parvulobathynella. Some observations about the most characteristic features of The VIIIth male pereiopods are made. This study ends with a discussion concerning the differences between Lamtobathynella pentodonta n.g., n.sp. and Acanthobathynella knoepffleri Coineau.
A Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Invertebrate Cave Faunas Of Venezuela: Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 4, Stewart B. Peck
A Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Invertebrate Cave Faunas Of Venezuela: Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 4, Stewart B. Peck
International Journal of Speleology
The invertebrate faunas of four caves in northern Venezuela were studied. Three were dry and one was a wet cave; but guano provided the base of the food chain in all four caves. The faunas in each were strikingly different. Of 24 non-accidental species of arthropods, all were judged to be troglophiles. All were scavengers except for 5 predators, one ectoparasite, and one parasitoid.
Effets Des Informations Chimiques Provenant D'Un Milieu Habité Par Des Congénères Sur I'Orientation Topographique Du Poisson Cavernicole Phreatichthys Andruzzii Vinciguerra (Pisces, Cyprinidae), R. Berti, G. Thinès, B. Lefèvre
Effets Des Informations Chimiques Provenant D'Un Milieu Habité Par Des Congénères Sur I'Orientation Topographique Du Poisson Cavernicole Phreatichthys Andruzzii Vinciguerra (Pisces, Cyprinidae), R. Berti, G. Thinès, B. Lefèvre
International Journal of Speleology
Two series of experiments were performed on the oriented locomotor responses of 27 specimens of the blind cave fish Phreatichthys andruzzii from Somalia using a three-compartment choice apparatus. The oriented responses were observed individually from the central compartment towards either of the extreme ones. In one of them, 500 ml water were introduced from either the tank in which the test fish had previously resided with conspecifics (1st series, 46 experiments) or from another tank occupied by unknown conspecifics, the other compartment receiving an equivalent volume of pure water. The two series were performed in random blocks of 6 experiments, …
Variation Among Populations Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonyctidae) Living In Different Habitats Ii. Population Distribution, Gary W. Dickson
International Journal of Speleology
Population densities and factors affecting the distribution of the troglobitic (i.e., obligatory cavernicole) amphipod Crangonyx antennatus were examined in two distinct aquatic habitats. Observations were made seasonally for one year in six Lee Co., Virginia (U.S.A.) caves, three with mud-bottom pools and three with gravel-bottom streams. Pool habitats were found to contain greater C. antennatus densities than stream habitats, while the highest seasonal densities were recorded in August. Availability of food is considered to be the major factor allowing these increased population densities. The population distribution of C. antennatus was not found to be related to current velocity, water depth, …
Sur Une Nouvelle Espèce Cavernicole Du Genre Cyathura (Isopoda, Anthuridae), (Résultats Zoologiques De La Mission Spéléologique Britannique En Papouasie-Nouvelle Guinée, 1975, 7), Stoitze Andreev
International Journal of Speleology
The present paper deals with the description of a new species of the genus Cyathura - C. beroni n.sp. - discovered in the caves in Papua New Guinea.
Investigations Of The Troglobitic Crayfish Orconectes Inermis Testii (Hay) In Mayfield's Cave, Monroe County, Indiana, H. H. Hobbs Iii
Investigations Of The Troglobitic Crayfish Orconectes Inermis Testii (Hay) In Mayfield's Cave, Monroe County, Indiana, H. H. Hobbs Iii
International Journal of Speleology
Mark-recapture studies of some aspects of the biology of the cavernicolous crayfish, Orconectes inermis testii (Hay), were conducted from December, 1969 to March, 1970, in Mayfield’s Cave, Monroe County, Indiana. Population size was estimated to be 66 +/- 9 (95% C.L.) for the 300 m study area, but because of the small sample size, this is undoubtedly a deflated value. Size of animals, expressed as total length, indicates that the population was comprised primarily of adults. Seventy-four percent of the marked crayfish moved no more than 10.5 m away (total upstream and downstream distances) from the tagging site. Hence, this …
Variation Among Populations Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonyctidae) Living In Different Habitats, Iii: Population Dynamics And Stability, Gary W. Dickson, John R. Holsinger
Variation Among Populations Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonyctidae) Living In Different Habitats, Iii: Population Dynamics And Stability, Gary W. Dickson, John R. Holsinger
International Journal of Speleology
Populations of the troglobitic amphipod Crangonyx antennatus from caves in Lee Co., Virginia (U.S.A.) were investigated on both a short and long term basis. The dynamics of populations living in two distinct aquatic cave habitats (mud-bottom pools and gravel-bottom streams) were compared seasonably for one year. Sex ratios indicated a larger number of females in both pool and stream habitats. The majority of males in both habitats were found to be sexually mature throughout the year investigated. Seasonal fluctuations in female maturity were observed in both habitats, with larger numbers collected in June and August. In addition, a larger number …
Some Implications Of Competition For Cave Stream Communities, David C. Culver
Some Implications Of Competition For Cave Stream Communities, David C. Culver
International Journal of Speleology
Based on recent theoretical work by Robert May and Richard Levins, two hypotheses about time fluctuations in abundance of competing species were generated. Data for isopods and amphipods from four cave stream communities in Virginia and West Virginia were used to test the predictions. First, variance of total abundance should be less than the sum of the variances of individual species’ abundances. In three of four communities studied, the prediction was confirmed, but none were statistically significant. Positive correlations among carrying capacities of competing species may explain the poor agreement with predictions. Second, the signs of 19 correlations and partial …
Biogeographical And Paleobiogeographical Problems In Stenasellids (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Of Underground Waters), Guy J. Magniez
Biogeographical And Paleobiogeographical Problems In Stenasellids (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Of Underground Waters), Guy J. Magniez
International Journal of Speleology
Considering their systematic isolation among present Asellota, their strong burrowing behaviour, their aptitude for interstitial life and their wide north-tropical present distribution, the history of Stenasellid Crustaceans seems to be marked by the antiquity of their settlements in continental groundwaters (Middle Cretaceous period?) and a long stage of life in phreatic waters on permanently emerged paleotropical continents during the Cenozoic Era. The resemblance between some forms of the Guinean shield and Mexico sets the problem of the anteriority of their continental conquest to South Atlantic drift. The repartition of Mediterranean European forms appears as a consequence of paleogeographical changes in …
A Note On Directed Phytokarst In Sarawak (E. Malaysia), Martin Laverty
A Note On Directed Phytokarst In Sarawak (E. Malaysia), Martin Laverty
International Journal of Speleology
A distinctive new type of phytokarst, oriented towards available light, has been found in cave entrances in the Gunong Mulu National Park, Sarawak, E. Malaysia. The karst features of this area are spectacular and important.
Fluoreszenzmikroskopische Untersuchung Der Bakterienflora Und Bestimmung Ihrer Heterotrophen Aktiviät In Organisch Belastetem Und Unbelastetem Grundwasser Sandig-Kiesiger Ablagerungen, Jürgen Marxsen
International Journal of Speleology
Bacteriological investigations were carried out in the groundwater of sandy and gravelly deposits of the river Fulda valley in an area named "Johannesaue" near the town Fulda (Hesse, Fed. Rep. of Germany). In January 1979 water samples were collected from 16 pumping tubes distributed in organically polluted and unpolluted areas. For characterizing the bacterial populations, methods used for surface waters were modified and, as far as the author is aware, these methods were used for the first time for investigations pertaining subterranean waters. The bacteria were counted by means of epifluorescence microscopy after staining the bacteria with the fluorochrome acridine …
Large-Scale Operations Management Test Of Use Of The White Amur For Control Of Problem Aquatic Plants. Report 2. First Year Poststocking Results. Volume Iii. The Plankton And Benthos Of Lake Conway, Florida, Thomas Crisman, Floor M. Kooijam, University Of Florida, Department Of Enviromental Engineering Sciences
Large-Scale Operations Management Test Of Use Of The White Amur For Control Of Problem Aquatic Plants. Report 2. First Year Poststocking Results. Volume Iii. The Plankton And Benthos Of Lake Conway, Florida, Thomas Crisman, Floor M. Kooijam, University Of Florida, Department Of Enviromental Engineering Sciences
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.