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International Symposium On Groundwater Biology: Introduction, John R. Holsinger, Arthur L. Buikema Jr.

International Journal of Speleology

Short presentation of the Symposium on Groundwater.

Genetic Differentiation In Populations Of The Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus Minus Say In A Karst Area, Steven W. Hetrick, James L. Gooch

International Journal of Speleology

The genetic makeup of populations in a particular geographic area should conform, in part, to environmental structure. Three polymorphic enzyme loci in the amphipod Gammarus minus are geographically differentiated in gene frequencies in the mid-Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, and genetic breaks usually coincide with topographical features and stream divides. Areas with well integrated drainage systems have a high degree of genetic uniformity.

Genetic Population Structure In An Amphipod Species, James L. Gooch, S. W. Golladay

International Journal of Speleology

Genetic structure of a species should conform, in part, to environmental structure. Three polymorphic enzyme loci in the amphipod Gammarus minus Say are geographically differentiated in gene frequencies in the mid-Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, and genetic breaks usually coincide with topographical features and stream divides. Considering alleles as migrational markers, it is expected that heterozygosity would decrease upstream in isolated drainage basins, increase in the headwaters of adjacent but oppositely flowing streams in which gene exchange was occurring between genetically differentiated populations, and increase in sites near regional master streams. These genetic patterns were found to exist …

Distribution And Habitat Diversity Of Subterranean Amphipods In The Rocky Mountains Of Colorado, U. S. A., James V. Ward, John R. Holsinger

International Journal of Speleology

Subterranean amphipods have been collected from 35 locations on the eastern and western slopes of the Continental Divide in Colorado. All belong to the exclusively subterranean genus Stygobromus. Five species have been identified, two of which are undescribed. Specimens have been collected from (a) the hyporheic zone of rivers, (b) interrupted streams, (c) springs, and (d) seeps at elevations from 1597-2134 m a.s.l. Stygobromus occurs in several habitat types in interrupted drainage basins including sources, seeps, and isolated pools containing leaf detritus. All habitats contained waters which were cool to cold with dissolved oxygen values ranging from 4.3 ppm …

Perspectives In The Study Of The Zoogeography Of Interstitial Crustacea: Bathynellacea (Syncarida) And Parastenocarididae (Copepoda), Horst Kurt Schminke

International Journal of Speleology

Aspects of the zoogeography of Bathynellacea and Parastenocarididae are discussed in the light of my recent investigations. Parastenocarididae in Australia are rare and not very diverse in number of species. Four species belonging to three genera were collected on a tour through Australia in 1968. Despite relationships to species from other Gondwanian landmasses the poorness of the Australian fauna, together with the apparent ability of this family to spread over longer distances, suggest a late arrival of Parastenocarididae in Australia. Invasion is likely to have taken place from two directions. As for the Bathynellacea, the relationships presumed to exist between …

The Edwards Aquifer: Earth's Most Diverse Groundwater Ecosystem?, Glenn Longley

International Journal of Speleology

Recent studies on the Edwards Aquifer, a karstic formed cavernous system in Texas, indicate an extremely diverse community of aquatic troglobites. Sampling of wells and springs is providing new insight into the dynamics of this fascinating system, which is possibly the most diverse subterranean aquatic ecosystem known in the world today.

Structure Et Fonctionnement Des Ecosystèmes Du Haut-Rhône Français; Ix: Analyse Des Peuplements De Deux Stations Phréatiques Alimentant Des Bras Morts, J. Gibert, R. Ginet, J. Mathieu, J. L. Reygrobellet

International Journal of Speleology

Two phreatic stations providing old meanders of the French river Rhône (“Lônes”) with interstitial water have been studied for three years. The samples (100 liters of water) have been collected by the Bou-Rouch method at 60 cm deep in the sediment. The analyses of populations show that the biocenoses of the two stations are quite different: The one (Station 2) is rather specialized; most of the species are troglobitic (80% of the whole biomass; the only Amphipod, Niphargopsis casparyi, represents 67% of this biomass). The other (Station 8) is very diversified; the seven dominant groups are all epigean animals. …

Investigation Of The Mutual Influence Between A Polluted River And Its Hyporheic, Milan Meŝtrov, Romana Lattinger-Penko

International Journal of Speleology

This paper describes investigations of fundamental biological and pratical importance. Interstitial subterranean water (hyporheic) which is near a polluted river in a plain is the subject of the study. The water is becoming increasingly important as a source of drinking water. The relation of the hyporheic water to the physical, chemical, bacteriological and faunistic characteristics of the river is discussed.

The Role Of Co2 In Gypsum Speleogenesis: 1° Contribution, Paolo Forti, Ernesto Rabbi

International Journal of Speleology

Staring from direct observation carried out inside gypsum caves around Bologna (Italy), the authors develop a new theory about the role played by CO₂ in gypsum karstification. Such a theory agrees with the presence of calcite sinters inside gypsum caves without any source of calcium carbonate (cover or interbedding layer). Moreover, starting from this theory, gypsum speleogenesis has to be always considered as a hyperkarstic phenomenon (more than 3 components at the equilibrium).

Structure Et Fonctionnement Des Ecosystèmes Du Haut-Rhône Français; Viii: Hydrologie De Deux Stations Phréatiques Dont L'Eau Alimente Des Bras Morts, J. L. Reygrobellet, J. Mathieu, R. Ginet, J. Gibert

International Journal of Speleology

We have been working since 1975 on phreatic stations providing two old meanders of the French river Rhone with interstitial water. The hydrological characteristics are quite different (see diagrams in the text):

• The one (station 2) is a particular under-flow circulating laterally to the river (“paraécoulement”), which is closely subordinate with the varying level of the Rhone.
• The other (station 8) is the confluence of continental phreatic water proceeding from a Northeastern plateau (the “Dombes”) with the hyporheic of the river Ain (eastern tributary of the Rhone). The Rhone has no influence on the characteristics of this second interstitial flow. …

Distribution Of Ostracods In The Groundwater Of The North Western Coast Of Euboea (Greece), Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

Freshwater fauna from 20 wells located 15-200 m from the seashore as well as marine interstitial fauna from the coastal zone around the village Aghios Georghios (Cape Likhada) have been investigated. Freshwater hypogean ostracods live mainly in protected wells having clean bottom and little particulate organic matter from which the water is moderately pumped. Epigean freshwater ostracods dominate in unprotected wells with large amounts of organic matter on the bottom. There is a sharp difference between the ostracod fauna living in fresh groundwater (mainly Cypridids) and those living in coastal marine interstitial habitats (marine Cytherids and Polycopids). It is suggested …

Phreatische Fauna In Ljubljansko Polje (Ljubljana-Ebene, Jugoslavien) - Ihre Ökologische Verteilung Und Zoogeographische Beziehungen, B. Sket, F. Velkovrh

International Journal of Speleology

The phreatic basin of Ljubljansko polje (polje = plain, field) recharges its water supply mainly from the Sava river-bed and at a few other locations where connections with karstic subterranean waters might exist and only up to 15% from precipitation. An important zone of infiltration in the river-bed is the bottom and not the bank which is to a large extent watertight due to organic debris (rests of Sphaerotilus e.g.). The main water-body moves about 10 m/day, there are however some local jets with far higher speeds. Yearly amplitudes of water temperatures are high near the river but in the …

A Contribution To The Study Of The Genus Porrhomma (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Notes On A Population Of P. Egeria (Simon) And Other Cavernicolous Species, J. D. Bourne

International Journal of Speleology

A morphological and biometrical study of a population of Porrhomma egeria (Simon) has allowed to determine that P. moravicum (Miller and Kratochvil) and P. obambulatum (Kritscher) belong to the same species and should thus be considered synonymous. The importance of biometric studies for the study of this Genus is emphasised.

Carotenoids In Niphargus Casimiriensis Skalski (Amphipoda) From Artesian Wells, B. Czeczuga, A. Skalski

International Journal of Speleology

By means of columnar and thin-layer chromatography, the presence of carotenoids in Niphargus casimiriensis Skalski from an artesian well was studied. There are qualitative and quantitative differences in the carotenoid contents of the Niphargus casimiriensis Skalski specimens.

Les Araignées Du Genre Rhode De Yougoslavie (Araneae, Dysderidae), C. L. Deeleman-Reinhold

International Journal of Speleology

Rhode magnifica n. sp. is described from a Montenegrine cave and Rhode stalitoides n. sp. from a Bosnian cave. There is a redescription of Rhode aspintfera (Nikolié). The author includes in the genus Rhode the species previously contained in the genera Harpassa and Typhlorhode. The northern Yugoslav genus Stalita and related genera are regarded to be the nearest relatives of Rhode and it is concluded that they have originated on the Balkan Peninsula from a common ancestor.

Dytiscidae Cavernicoles De Papouasie (Résultats Zoologiques De La Mission Spéléologique Britannique En Papouasie - Nouvelle Guinée, 1975, 1), Vassil B. Guéorguiev

International Journal of Speleology

This paper reports the results of the investigations on Dytiscidae from New Guinea caves. Three new species are described: Copelatus subterraneus sp.n., Platynectes (Metaplatynectes) beroni sp.n. and P. (M.) chapmani sp. n. Synonymic notes on the subgenera of the genus Platynectes and descriptions of two new subgenera Notoplatynectes subgen. n. and Metaplatynectes subgen. n. are also reported.

Un Asellide Interstitiel Du Bassin De I'Ebre (Espagne): Proasellus Lescherae N.Sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), Jean-Paul Henry, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

Proasellus lescherae n.sp. is a little, interstitial species, living in the underflow of Rio Guadalope Basin (a tributary of Ebro River). It is related to the water-slaters of the underground waters of the Pyreneo-cantabrigian region (the phyletic line of ProaselIus spelaeus Racovitza). The mean size of the reproductive females is very small (2.9 mm) and the brood contains only 6-10 eggs. Nevertheless, the size of the eggs and intramarsupial larval stages are the same as in epigean or hypogean species of the genus, which reach a larger adult size.

Diplopoda From Papuan Caves (Zoological Results Of The British Speleological Expedition To Papua-New Guinea, 1975, 4), Richard L. Hoffman

International Journal of Speleology

Eight species of polydesmoid millipeds are described from the caves of the extreme northwestern corner of Papua New Guinea. Four new genera are named: in Paradoxosomatidae, Selminosoma, type S. chapmani; Astromontosoma, type A. jeekeli; in Doratodesmidae, Scolopopyge, type S. pholeter; Selminarchus, type S. hispidus. Two additional new species are referred to established genera Eustrongylosoma exiguum and Nothrosoma beroni, the latter, however, (known only from females) is probably referable to a new genus. Selminosoma chapmani appears both from its structure and biology to be a true troglobite, the first such species known in the Paradoxosomatidae. The two doratodesmid species extend the …

The Tegumental Glands Of A Troglobitic Crustacean, L. Juberthie-Jupeau, Y. Crouau

International Journal of Speleology

Tegumental glands, located in the antennae of Antromysis juberthiei are present in males and females; in the antennulae each of them consists of 3 cells: a secretory cell of large size, an intermediary cell and a canal cell probably secretory in nature. The canal cell possesses an extracellular cavity with deep infoldings and microvilli between which the canal crinkles along. The intermediary cell is heavily provided with microfilaments. The secretory granules have an organized content.

A Remarkable New Genus And Three New Species Of Cavernicolous Carabidae (Coleoptera) (Zoological Results Of The British Speleological Expedition To Papua-New Guinea 1975, 2), B. P. Moore

International Journal of Speleology

Speagonum mirabile gen. et sp. n. and Gastragonum caecum sp. n. are described as troglobites from caves in the Behrman Mountains of west New Guinea; Pseudozaena (Trichozaena subgen. n.) cavicola sp. n. is a troglophile from New Ireland.

The Occurrence Of Metacyclops Subdolus Kiefer (Crustacea: Copepoda) In Subterranean Waters Of Greece With Remarks On Its Systematic Status, Giuseppe Lucio Pesce

International Journal of Speleology

The paper gives new localities for the Copepod Metacyclops subdolus from Greece and Crete together with the main morphological and ecological features of the species.

Sui Rhachomyces (Ascomycetes, Laboulbeniales) Parassiti Dei Duvalius Italiani (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini), W. Rossi

International Journal of Speleology

The systematic position, variability and distribution of the two species of Rhachomyces parasitic on Italian Duvalius are defined on the basis of several new findings. Rhachomyces stipitatus Thaxter was found in Liguria, central Italy, Sicily and Sardinia; its synonymy with R. capucinus Thaxter is confirmed and the ssp. pallidus Maire is considered of no systematic relevance. R. maublancii, whose position is regularized by a Latin validating diagnosis, was only found on the Alps and previous records in other countries are questioned.

Bogidiella Martini, Un Nouvel Amphipode Souterrain De I'Ile Saint-Martin (Antilles) Et La Zoogéographie Des Bogidiellidae, Jan H. Stock

International Journal of Speleology

Both sexes of a new species of Bogidiella, B. martini, are described. The new species, with a very pronounced sexual dimorphism, has been discovered in two wells in the island of St.-Martin (French part), one of the Lesser Antilles. Another member of Bogidiella has been recorded from the island of Curaçao, but the specimens were damaged too much to allow proper description. The Bogidiellidae (5 genera, 26 named species, and several unnamed species) are present in the sea as well as in inland waters. The family has a wide distribution, exceeding the boundaries of the former Tethys Sea. Probably, …

Spontane Und Induzierte Aktivitätsmuster Bei Troglobionten Käfern (Genera Aphaenops, Geotrechus, Speonomus), G. Lamprecht, F. Weber

International Journal of Speleology

In Constant temperature the troglobite beetles Aphaenops cerberus and pluto, Geotrechus orpheus and Speonomus diecki are aperiodically active. By periodogram analysis neither circadian nor ultradian or infradian periodic components can be found. Moreover there are no relevant correlations between the lengths of successive activity bursts and rest pauses. Consequently the activity patterns are stochasticly structured. In cases with constancy of activity respectively rest behaviour the probabilities for the transition from activity to rest and from rest to activity are computed using the Frequency histograms of lengths of activity bursts and rest pauses. The transition probability is time-invariant if the …

Bragasellus Escolai N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Cavernicole D'Espagne, J. P. Henry, G. Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

The paper gives a description of a new, unpigmented and anophtalmous species of Bragasellus collected in Calderón Cave, Vellia de Carrión, Palencia Province, Northern Spain (hydrographic basin of Douro River).

Neue Und Interessante Milben Aus Dem Genfer Museum Xxxii. Zwei Neue Milbenarten (Acari: Acaridae) Aus Einer Höhle In Kenya, S. Mahunka

International Journal of Speleology

From a sample of Acaridae mites collected in a Kenyan cave, two new species are described. For one of them a new genus is defined.

Un Nouveau Microparasellide Des Eaux Souterraines Phréatigues De I'Italie: Microcharon Arganoi N. Sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda), Giuseppe L. Pesce, Pierantonio Teté

International Journal of Speleology

Microcharon arganoi, a new Microparasellid from subterranean waters of Southern Italy is described. For the shape and ornamentation of pleopod II of females and for the morphology of pleopod II of males, the new species is clearly related to the phyletic line which includes all the Western and French species of the genus. However, from all these species and from all the other ones M. arganoi differs by the ornamentation of the antennae, maxillipeds and pereiopeds, by the shape and ornamentation of pleopods I and II of males and II of females. and by ratio endopod/exopod of pleopod III. …

Premier Proasellus Hyporhéique D'Espagne: P. Jaloniacus N. Sp., (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota), Jean-Paul Henry, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

This new, anophthalmous and unpigmented species lives in the underflow of Jalon River, Province of Alicante, Southeastern Spain. It belongs to the phyletic line of Proasellus meridianus (Racovitza, 1919).

L'Equipement Sensoriel Des Trechinae Souterrains (Coléoptères). Ii - Ultrastructure Des Trichobothries De I'Elytre, Christian Juberthie, Françoise Piquemal

International Journal of Speleology

The ultrastructure of trichobothria (Tm2, Tr2, Tr4) of the elytra has been studied in the troglobitic Coleoptera Geotrechus vulcanus and Aphaenops cerberus. Two bipolar neurons innervate these trichobothria. The first ends at the level of the hair base, and its distal segment contains a tubular body, characteristic of mechanoreceptive bristles. The other does not possess a tubular body, and its distal segment ends in the bristle canal; its function is unknown. The trichobothria possess one glial enveloping cell, one trichogen cell, and one tormogen cell; the latter two show an apical, common, large, receptor lymph cavity. The small trichobothria …

The Fine Structure Of Hamann's Organ In Leptodirus Hohenwarti, A Highly Specialized Cave Bathysciinae (Coleoptera, Catopidae), Fiorenza Accordi, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

Hamann’s organ in Leptodirus hohenwarti a highly specialized cave Bathysciinae, has been studied under the TEM, SEM and light microscope. This receptor organ located in the 7th, 9th and 10th antennal articles and previously referred to as the “vesicule olfactive” and as the “antennal organ” or “antennal vesicle”, reaches its highest degree of structural complexity in leptodirus. This paper attempts to establish some degree of synonymy among the terms used by earlier authors in describing the various antennal parts and sensilla. Five types of sensilla to be found in the organ are described, namely cribrose-stick sensilla, cribrose-utricular sensilla, star-shaped sensilla, …