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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1664
Full-Text Articles in Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Study On Evacuation Cellular Automaton Model Considering Avoidance Behavior, Yinghua Song, Zhang Yu, Feizhou Huo, Lü Wei, Yaping Ma
Study On Evacuation Cellular Automaton Model Considering Avoidance Behavior, Yinghua Song, Zhang Yu, Feizhou Huo, Lü Wei, Yaping Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To study the avoidance behavior in the evacuation process, a cellular automaton model considering avoidance behavior is established. The model divides the evacuees into avoiders and transferees, and reflects the avoidance behavior by changing the selected probability of evacuees. The impact of the avoidance behavior on the efficiency and evacuation process in different personnel ratios and different initial positions is analyzed. The results show that the avoidance behavior can optimize the evacuation sequence, improve the evacuation efficiency and reduce the risk of evacuation process. The evacuation time is significantly reduced when the probability of avoidance exceeds the thread value, …
Crowd Evacuation Model Based On Improved Pso Algorithm, Changhua Li, Chenggong Bi, Zhijie Li
Crowd Evacuation Model Based On Improved Pso Algorithm, Changhua Li, Chenggong Bi, Zhijie Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the poor local optimization ability and easy premature convergence of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in evacuation simulation, a crowd evacuation model based on the improved PSO algorithm is proposed. On the basis of the original model, factors such as the forward driving force, exclusion driving force and panic degree of evacuees are introduced. According to the environmental factors and crowd movement, evacuees' direction is dynamically adjusted, and tends to the ideal exit under the optimal exit selection mechanism. The parametric simulation experiment of evacuation efficiency is carried out for the physical factors such as the …
Research On Modeling Technology For Hard Cutting Process, Caixu Yue, Liu Xin, Jiang Nan, Xianli Liu, Genghuang He, Lingxiang Li
Research On Modeling Technology For Hard Cutting Process, Caixu Yue, Liu Xin, Jiang Nan, Xianli Liu, Genghuang He, Lingxiang Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The hard cutting has the features of the high maching flexibility, economical efficiency and environmental friendliness, and is widely used in automobile industry, bearing industry, hydraulic industry, etc. The simulation modeling not only plays an important role in predicting the performance of the hard machining and optimizing machining parameters, but also better reflects the nature of the machining and provides the theoretical guidance to the actual machining. The simulation modeling methods of the hard cutting at home and abroad are introduced, and the chip formation, cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear and machined surface quality are summarized, and the …
Spatiotemporal Saliency Detection Of Infrared Videos Based On Gestalt-Guided Optimization, Wang Xin, Chunyan Zhang, Ning Chen
Spatiotemporal Saliency Detection Of Infrared Videos Based On Gestalt-Guided Optimization, Wang Xin, Chunyan Zhang, Ning Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A spatiotemporal saliency detection method based on Gestalt optimization is proposed. A method based on the multi-scale local sparse representation and local contrast measure is proposed to compute the spatial saliency in the infrared videos. A multi-frame symmetric difference approach is adopted to detect the temporal saliency. To get the initial spatiotemporal saliency map, a scheme based on the mutual-consistency is designed to fuse the spatial and temporal saliency maps adaptively. A Gestalt-guided optimization method is designed to calculate the final spatiotemporal saliency map. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the spatiotemporal saliency of infrared …
A Discrete Krill Herd Algorithm For The No-Wait Flow Shop Scheduling Problem, Changping Liu, Zhenfu Jian, Wenhan Fu
A Discrete Krill Herd Algorithm For The No-Wait Flow Shop Scheduling Problem, Changping Liu, Zhenfu Jian, Wenhan Fu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A discrete krill herd algorithm (DKH) is proposed to solve the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem (NWFSP) with the makespan criterion. Based on the characteristics of the optimization mechanism, the notion of “virtual food” in krill herd algorithm and the influenced crossover rules between krill individuals are defined. The concept and calculation method of the individual distance are redefined to measure the neighborhood range to realize the information exchange. The local search strategies of random swap, inverse and insert operator are employed to enhance the local search ability of DKH, and the multiple initialization strategies are redesigned to promote …
3d Reconstruction Of Uav Sequence Image Based On Motion Structure Graph, Yuhao Wu, Xuefeng Cao, Jinchao Peng, Lianrui Xu
3d Reconstruction Of Uav Sequence Image Based On Motion Structure Graph, Yuhao Wu, Xuefeng Cao, Jinchao Peng, Lianrui Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: UAV sequence image has the characteristics of high overlap and strong topological connection. Aiming at the inefficient and unstable in processing the large-scale UAV images of the existing incremental 3D reconstruction algorithm, a 3D reconstruction method based on motion structure graph is proposed. The image matching index is established by using the geolocation information and IMU data to improve the image matching efficiency, and the random motion consistency algorithm is used to calculate the relative motion; motion structure graph is used to represent the "association" between images, and closed-loop detection algorithm is used to eliminate the false edges. Under …
Intelligent Evaluation Of Simulation Training For Aerial Ammunition Technical Support, Xu Gang, Zhang Lei, Tian Lei
Intelligent Evaluation Of Simulation Training For Aerial Ammunition Technical Support, Xu Gang, Zhang Lei, Tian Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Quantitative evaluation is an important part of the simulation training of the Aviation Ammunition technical support. In order to realize the automatic evaluation of the simulation training, intelligent evaluation technology is introduced, and a prediction model based on Sigmoid regression is proposed. On the basis of analyzing the linear relationship of the sample data of the performance indicators, a subset of the characteristic indicators is selected as the input of the prediction mathematical model. In order to avoid the gradient descent method falling into the local solution problem, the gradient descent + PSO algorithm is presented. After testing the …
Modeling And Simulation Of Quadrotor Uav With Vector Thrust Based On Backstepping, Zhou Nan, Wang Liang, Jianliang Ai
Modeling And Simulation Of Quadrotor Uav With Vector Thrust Based On Backstepping, Zhou Nan, Wang Liang, Jianliang Ai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Combined with characteristics of the traditional quadrotor and the quad tilt-wing UAV, a quadrotor UAV with the vector thrust (VTQ) is proposed. This UAV has the ability of vertical take-off and landing and hovering, as well as the high maneuverability of the traditional quad tilt-wing UAV. It has the ability of completing the diversified tasks by being specified the desired yaw angle and pitch angle. Control system adopts the method of the layered design. The upper layer is the position control system, the lower layer is the attitude control system, and the control laws are both designed by the …
Dynamics Modeling And Simulation Of Gait Rehabilitation Robot Based On Lie Groups And Lie Algebras Theory, Bingjing Guo, Jianhai Han, Xiangpan Li, Yan Lin
Dynamics Modeling And Simulation Of Gait Rehabilitation Robot Based On Lie Groups And Lie Algebras Theory, Bingjing Guo, Jianhai Han, Xiangpan Li, Yan Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A pneumatic-driven gait rehabilitation robot based on rigid mechanism and flexible driver is designed. To explore the dynamic characteristics of the human-robot harmony system constructed by patients and the exoskeleton robot, the dynamic models of human, robot and human-robot system in different gait phases are established based on Lie group and Lie algebra theory. The driving and energy characteristics of three rehabilitation training modes of passive, active assistance and resistance are analyzed. The robot joint driven moment and the human active moment are simulated to verify the Lie group and Lie algebraic modeling method and the dynamic model. It …
Simulation Optimization Of Initial Fire Evacuation Schemes For Vertical Ship Lift, Chen Shu, Xi Yan, Jianping Wang, Menghan Shang, Li Zhi
Simulation Optimization Of Initial Fire Evacuation Schemes For Vertical Ship Lift, Chen Shu, Xi Yan, Jianping Wang, Menghan Shang, Li Zhi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of fire evacuation in the initial stage of the vertical ship lift and reduce the evacuation time, the structure and evacuation channel of the vertical ship lift are analyzed to identity the vertical evacuation path. The vertical evacuation time is determined by comparing the evacuation time of stairs and elevator based on the docking rules of cargos. Aiming at the shortest vertical evacuation time the evacuation time of the different docking elevations is simulated to obtain the optimal evacuation plan. The results show that, when the distance between the docking elevation and the …
Study Of Parallelized Graph Clustering Algorithm Based On Spark, Dongjiang Liu, Jianhui Li
Study Of Parallelized Graph Clustering Algorithm Based On Spark, Dongjiang Liu, Jianhui Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The parallelized graph clustering algorithm is researched. A new parallelized graph clustering algorithm is proposed based on Spark. As the top operation of Spark occupies a lot of memory space, a new algorithm which is used to substitute the top operation is proposed to reduce the memory consumption. By improving bottom up hierarchical clustering algorithm, the speed of the proposed algorithm is improved. A new data filtering method based on the feature of graph data is proposed. By the method, the running time and memory space comsuption is reduced greatly. The reason of the high efficiency of this filtering …
A Multi-Strategy Differential Evolution Algorithm Combined With Neighborhood Search, Can Sun, Xinyu Zhou, Mingwen Wang
A Multi-Strategy Differential Evolution Algorithm Combined With Neighborhood Search, Can Sun, Xinyu Zhou, Mingwen Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The difficulties of designing a multi-strategy differential evolution (DE) algorithm are how to select the mutation strategies and allocate these strategies. A multi-strategy DE algorithm combined with the neighborhood search operator is proposed. The population is divided into three subpopulations according to the fitness values, and each subpopulation employs a different mutation strategy and parameter settings to complement the search ability, to balance the exploration and exploitation ability of the whole population. The subpopulation with the best fitness values employs the neighborhood search operator to exploit possible benefit information to guide the search. Extensive experiments are carried out on …
Cae Modeling And Fault Simulation For Instantaneous Action Mechanism With High Power And Heavy Load, Teng Lin, Tang Tang, Qiaojie Li, Chen Ming
Cae Modeling And Fault Simulation For Instantaneous Action Mechanism With High Power And Heavy Load, Teng Lin, Tang Tang, Qiaojie Li, Chen Ming
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A FEM simulation of a high voltage circuit breaker under actual conditions is proposed to solve the high-frequency vibration and mechanical failure problems caused by the realistic factors such as the clearance and structural elasticity of the breaker. Its operating characteristic under the high power pulse load is analyzed and the influence of the spring stiffness and dimension error on the breaker’s motion characteristics was predicted. On the basis of the dependency of the breaker’s mechanical characteristics on potential faults, critical parameters and design defects are established. The new FEM of the a high-voltage circuit breaker will replace the …
Holiday Highway Traffic Flow Prediction Method Based On Deep Learning, Xiaofeng Ji, Yicheng Ge
Holiday Highway Traffic Flow Prediction Method Based On Deep Learning, Xiaofeng Ji, Yicheng Ge
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Accurately predicting highway traffic holiday flow can provide important data for the emergency management of highway. The LSTM-SVR prediction model is established by using the theoretical framework of deep learning. The BP neural network is used to process the sample data, and the data features captured by LSTM are input into the SVR regression layer to realize the traffic flow prediction. Before and after the “Eleventh” Golden Week, the LSTM-SVR model was verified by using the traffic monitoring data of the intermodulation station in Lijiang City and the prediction results were compared with the others. It is found that …
Attribute Proxy Re-Encryption For Ciphertext Storage Sharing Scheme On Blockchain, Xiaohong Zhang, Lanlan Sun
Attribute Proxy Re-Encryption For Ciphertext Storage Sharing Scheme On Blockchain, Xiaohong Zhang, Lanlan Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to implement the information storage sharing service safely and efficiently, a blockchain storage sharing scheme supporting the attribute proxy re-encryption and keyword retrieval is proposed. By the nodes classification and ciphertext storage separation, the anti-collusion attack is better implemented. The smart contract design of the information transaction is introduced and the information sharing parties can communicate spontaneously without the participation of the central organization. By the attribute-based proxy re-encryption algorithm, the information owner can share the information with other users without re-encrypting, uploading, and downloading information, and relieves the burden of the high-frequency access of the cloud …
Perfect Recovery (2,N) Color Visual Cryptography Scheme, Xianhuan Zhang, Zhengxin Fu, Ouyang Dan, Bin Yu
Perfect Recovery (2,N) Color Visual Cryptography Scheme, Xianhuan Zhang, Zhengxin Fu, Ouyang Dan, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on XOR operation and combining the characteristic of computer display technology, a perfect recovery (2,n) color visual cryptography scheme was proposed. Sharing algorithm of color secret image was designed on the basis of constructing row vectors${{V}_{1}},{{V}_{2}},\cdots ,{{V}_{n}}$. Through computing shares by XOR operation and dealing with recovery image, the secret image was recovered. The experimental results show that the scheme on the basis of keeping the simplicity in the reconstruction phase of visual cryptography can realize the secret image perfect recovery with low pixel expansion for price. Each participant only needs to carry a share …
Optimization Sensing Slot Under Transmission Collision Of Primary User And Secondary User In Cognitive Radio System, Chen Song, Nae Zheng, Wang Sheng
Optimization Sensing Slot Under Transmission Collision Of Primary User And Secondary User In Cognitive Radio System, Chen Song, Nae Zheng, Wang Sheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the cognitive radio system, that the primary user (PU) has collision with the secondary user (SU) when the secondary user (SU) was detected properly was considered. The queuing theory was introduced and the PU’s appearance pattern was described by M/M/1 model. Considering the length of the transmitting slot, detection probability and transmitting collision, the function of spectrum usage and transmitting time were established based on the PU’s appearance pattern. The existence of the maximum value of spectrum usage in the definition domain of the transmitting time was proved by theoretical derivation in some condition. The simulation results provide …
Online Identification And Simulation Of Multiple Model Based On Minimum Entropy Clustering, Xiaopeng Zhao, Yongchun Zhang
Online Identification And Simulation Of Multiple Model Based On Minimum Entropy Clustering, Xiaopeng Zhao, Yongchun Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An online identification algorithm for multiple model based on minimum entropy clustering was investigated. The number of local models and corresponding weights was calculated by the entropy based fuzzy subtractive clustering approach, and the regularity degree of the local system was considered along with the clustering process. Parameters of local models could be estimated online by the weighted recursive least square method. The waste heat recovery Organic Rankine Cycles system was used to demonstrate the algorithm. The result shows the identified multi-model not only can reach an accuracy and reliability identification result, but also has a stronger self-adaptability …
Study On Tracking Filter Algorithms For Nonballistic Targets In Near Space, Yajie Cao, Junlong Li, Qin Lei
Study On Tracking Filter Algorithms For Nonballistic Targets In Near Space, Yajie Cao, Junlong Li, Qin Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Recently, different countries made rapid developments in the field of hypersonic aircraft in near space. The successful flight tests of hypersonic aircraft X-51A and HTV-2 were representative.They adopted the way of nonballistic maneuver flight whose motion trajectory was characterized by “hopping”, which existed the problems of difficulties of nonballistic target acceleration estimation, trajectory tracking and prediction. Four typical nonballistic maneuver models of near space targets of tracking filter are introducedand then target ballistic equation and design of tracking filter are introduced. At last, an estimation of four tracking filter ways is maken towards target acceleration. The effect of particle …
Scheme For Detecting Dos Attack In Bluetooth Low Energy, Qilin Wang, Yicai Huang, Bin Yu
Scheme For Detecting Dos Attack In Bluetooth Low Energy, Qilin Wang, Yicai Huang, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that Bluetooth Low Energy is vulnerable to DoS Attack, an alive degree model combining entropy theory was established. Bluetooth Low Energy DoS Attack detecting scheme based on this model was designed. The scheme chose some elements to construct alive volume, which showed the stable distribution in normal communications, and the distribution was destroyed when subjected to DoS attacks. Using alive degree to reflect the distribution of alive volume, the DoS Attack was detected via the variation of alive degree. The theory analysis and experiment results show that, the scheme can effectively detect the DoS Attack …
Research On Pedestrian Crossing Road Skills Assist Training System Based On Game Model, Meiliang Wang, Huagen Wan, Jianping Gu
Research On Pedestrian Crossing Road Skills Assist Training System Based On Game Model, Meiliang Wang, Huagen Wan, Jianping Gu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the rapid growth of number of family cars in China, there are more and more road accidents, so pedestrians will undoubtedly become the biggest victims in the accidents. Thus it is of great significance to develop a road training system that is able to improve the ability of the pedestrians to process the integrated information of the traffic flow, and reduce the risk of pedestrian in accidents when crossing the roads. Based on the key researches on dynamic virtual traffic scene, human-computer interaction and virtual objects collision detection, with the application of technology of virtual reality and 3 …
Design Of Ble Key Agreement Scheme Based On Hash Chain, Yibo Huang, Yicai Huang, Bin Yu
Design Of Ble Key Agreement Scheme Based On Hash Chain, Yibo Huang, Yicai Huang, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that BLE Secure Simple Pairing protocol is vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks, a BLE key agreement scheme based on hash chain was proposed. The scheme realized mutual authentication and link key agreement applying the unidirectivity and crashworthiness of hash chain. Update mechanism of the hash chain was designed to prevent from reuse of hash chain node values. The security analysis of BAN logic and experiment results show that, the scheme can effectively resist eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Meanwhile, it has low storage and computation overheads.
Study On Effects Of T-Spur-Dikes On Flow Characteristics In 90° Bend Channel By Large Eddy Simulation, Wenli Wei, Panpan Li, Shipeng Shao, Yuling Liu
Study On Effects Of T-Spur-Dikes On Flow Characteristics In 90° Bend Channel By Large Eddy Simulation, Wenli Wei, Panpan Li, Shipeng Shao, Yuling Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of river erosion at concave bank and of sediment deposition at convex bank in actual bend rivers, the 3D hydraulic characteristics of bend channel with spur-dikes must be studied. The gas-liquid two-phase large eddy model was used to numerically simulate the hydraulic characteristics of flow in a 90° bend channel with a spur-dike. Comparisons of the simulated longitudinal velocity with the experimental data show a good agreement, which indicates that the large eddy model is an effective way to study the hydraulic characteristics of bend channels. The analysis of the distribution of velocity …
Robustness Research For Adaptive Control Algorithms Of Pipe Conveying Fluid Vibration, Chen Bing, Yuanyuan Huang, Zhongjun Yin
Robustness Research For Adaptive Control Algorithms Of Pipe Conveying Fluid Vibration, Chen Bing, Yuanyuan Huang, Zhongjun Yin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Pipes with supported ends may lose their dynamic stability due to parametric instability when they convey pulsating fluid. the piezoelectric actuators were taken as the control actuators, and built a controlling mathematical model of the pipeline system. Then aiming at the traditional PID controller’s poor robustness on pipeline system parameters, MRAC system and MRAC system based on adaptive gain of the PD were designed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory, not only the vibration peak values of the pipeline system were suppressed in a short time, but also the controllers had better robustness on pipeline system parameters. Control …
Sybil Attack Detection Scheme Design In Zigbee Network, Meigen Huang, Bin Yu, Zhiyin Kong
Sybil Attack Detection Scheme Design In Zigbee Network, Meigen Huang, Bin Yu, Zhiyin Kong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of Sybil which attacks and destroys the resource allocation, routing discovery and data aggregation in ZigBee network, a scheme to detect Sybil attacks was proposed. The scheme established a doubt mechanism of Sybil node to mark child nodes in the same location as well as communication distance inconsistent geographical distance. The scheme designed a identified processes of Sybil node via father joint legal neighboring nodes transmitting a random number to the suspected Sybil nodes on different channels simultaneously, identifying Sybil nodes by its correctness. Safety analysis and experiment results show that the proposed scheme has …
Research On Simulation Optimization Of Container Terminal’S Machinery Configuration, Zhaohui Duan, Bingliang Song
Research On Simulation Optimization Of Container Terminal’S Machinery Configuration, Zhaohui Duan, Bingliang Song
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The optimization of the machinery allocation under the double constraints of maximized efficiency for loading and unloading processes and optimal machinery usage, and the optimal configuration of bridge cranes under discrete operation modes for a single ship were instigated through modeling with the simulation software Extendsim. It was found that the real-time recording method is a more straightforward and convenient way to investigate the optimal mechanical configuration and double constraints lead to different but more reasonable results than that was obtained under the single constraint on the best mechanical configuration. Due to the discrete characteristics of the bridge crane …
Parameter Identification Of Induction Motor Based On Tabu-Chaotic Firefly Algorithm, Xiaoyang Xu, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Parameter Identification Of Induction Motor Based On Tabu-Chaotic Firefly Algorithm, Xiaoyang Xu, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to overcome the defects of traditional induction motor parameter identification methods such as identifying less parameters simultaneously and Low identification accuracy. A multi-parameters identification method based on Tabu-chaotic Firefly Algorithm was proposed. The proposed method can simultaneously identify the stator resistance, stator inductance, rotor time constant and mutual inductance without prior knowledge about the parameters. For the sake of improving the identification accuracy, the formula of attractiveness in original Firefly Algorithm was adjusted, furthermore chaos theory and the idea of Tabu Search was integrated into the algorithm. Simulatied experimental results demonstrate that compared to the other …
Numerical Investigation Of Water-Exit Cavity Flow Of Missile With Complex Configuration, Chongxian Zhang, Xianglin Li, Yuqiu Liu
Numerical Investigation Of Water-Exit Cavity Flow Of Missile With Complex Configuration, Chongxian Zhang, Xianglin Li, Yuqiu Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, a numerical calculation method of cavitating flow of water-exit missile with complex configuration was proposed. The influence of velocity of water-exit and angle of attack to cavitation of parts of missile was analyzed. The simulation results showed that in the beginning of water-exit course, body-attached bubble quickly grew due to reduction of cavitation number. After that, the effect of bubble break-off and oscillation became more obvious. In water-exit course of zero angle of attack, the length and thickness of bubble of shoulder increased linearly with velocity. The ability of the protrusion to induce …
Airborne Weather Radar Visual Simulation Based-On Dynamic Satellite Cloud Image, Zhang Jun
Airborne Weather Radar Visual Simulation Based-On Dynamic Satellite Cloud Image, Zhang Jun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A real-time simulation algorithm was proposed to generate a wide range of the common aviation weather condition for the flight simulator based-on a set of dynamic satellite cloud images. With this efficient weather simulation algorithm, a fast radar echo visual simulating method was proposed. The proposed method used the 2D simplified Navier-Stokes and microphysics equations to implement the essential numerical simulation of the aviation weather condition. By this way, the complex problem of large-scale cloud resolving and particle-backscattering computing could be viewed as a simple 2D multi-resolution image processing. Real application on the flight simulator shows that the …
Name-Embedded Couplet Creation Based On Mobile Platform, Weihua Shen, Shicheng Zhang, Shunting Wang, Zhigeng Pan
Name-Embedded Couplet Creation Based On Mobile Platform, Weihua Shen, Shicheng Zhang, Shunting Wang, Zhigeng Pan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Couplet culture is the crystallization of Chinese traditional culture, and also is the gem of Chinese language. Given the broad mobile intelligent terminal user groups, in order to inherit and carry forward the Chinese traditional culture, Android and iOS system were taken as the design platform, combining the couplet culture and modern science and technology in an organic whole based on the study of name-embedded couplet generation algorithm. The users were allowed to get personalized couplet belong to themselves conveniently and quickly by mobile platform. The name-embedded couplet creation software was expounded in the following areas: design concept, …