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Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

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Articles 3511 - 3540 of 3946

Full-Text Articles in Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing

Method And Simulation Of Gradual Rough Milling Based On Surface Deformation, Xiulin Sui, Xiaoqi Chen, Jianghua Ge Jan 2019

Method And Simulation Of Gradual Rough Milling Based On Surface Deformation, Xiulin Sui, Xiaoqi Chen, Jianghua Ge

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of uneven allowance and rough surface of traditional equal height stratification for rough milling, a gradual hierarchy process method was proposed. As the model established by T-spline surface has unified parameter domain, an improved variable distance offset method was used to define the rules of surface deformation, and a series of deformation surface sequences were obtained. The cutting depth, tool radius and other machining parameters were used as constraint conditions so as to get the sequence of processing layers. By planning the tool path of each layer, the whole tool path of gradual hierarchy process which was …

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Cam Of Possible Accident For Longitudinal Slope Curve Of Mountain Freeway, Mingbao Pang, Zhanghui Cai Jan 2019

Cam Of Possible Accident For Longitudinal Slope Curve Of Mountain Freeway, Mingbao Pang, Zhanghui Cai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the analysis of vehicle driving behaviors and accidents, a cellular automaton (CA) simulation model of longitudinal slope curve on mountain freeway with the possible occurrence of traffic accident was established. The model was preliminarily validated via the comparisons between the accident rates in simulation experiments and that in actual statistics for the concrete roads. The possible schemes were determined by setting the different values of road geometric linear parameters. The nonlinear behaviors of traffic flow were simulated and the accident probabilities were obtained. The relations among the accident rate and the parameters’ values were discussed. …

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Simulation Of Blade Tip Grooving Effect On Performance Of Twin-Stage Variable-Pitch Axial Fan, Xuemin Ye, Jiankun Zhang, Chunxi Li Jan 2019

Simulation Of Blade Tip Grooving Effect On Performance Of Twin-Stage Variable-Pitch Axial Fan, Xuemin Ye, Jiankun Zhang, Chunxi Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For a twin-stage variable-pitch axial fan, a novel blade tip treatment carving a chute from the pressure side to suction side is proposed, and fan performance under different blade tip treatments is simulated to determine the excellent treatment. The effects of blade tip grooving in a single stage or both stages on fan performance and internal dynamics are examined. Numerical results show that both blade tip treatments can improve the fan performance; the overall promotion of fan performance illustrates that the best scheme is the blade tip grooving in the first stage followed by the blade tip grooving …

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Design Of Third-Order Zero-Free Mracs Taking State Variables From Model, Qian Chao, Song Fei Jan 2019

Design Of Third-Order Zero-Free Mracs Taking State Variables From Model, Qian Chao, Song Fei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since the current design method of the relative order n*≥3 MRACS taking state variables from model introduces some linear positive feedback loops, so it is difficult to be used in practical systems. This paper took the third-order zero-free (n*=3) system as the study object and designed the controller for third-order zero-free MRACS taking state variables from model by using the zero state equivalence relation between two different control systems. The design method of the controller is based on the Popov hyperstability theory. The controller only used integrators except for a differentiator and avoided introducing linear …

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Improved Model Reference Adaptive And Its Application In Grinding Process, Zhou Ying, Chen Yang, Bin Yue Jan 2019

Improved Model Reference Adaptive And Its Application In Grinding Process, Zhou Ying, Chen Yang, Bin Yue

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the characteristics between a ball mill and a grader during the grinding process such as multi variable, strong-coupling and parameter time variation, after decoupling the mathematical model, a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method for online automatic gain adjustment by differential evolution algorithm is proposed. Due to return sand and water supply and other factors bringing uncertainty to the controlled object model, it needs to adjust constantly adaptation gain online through the differential evolution so as to overcome the effects of parameter variations in mine operation process and various kinds of interference to system. Simulation results show …

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Collaborative Optimal Scheduling Method For Production And Energy Consumption In Discrete Manufacturing Process, Wenjie Chen, Wang Yan Jan 2019

Collaborative Optimal Scheduling Method For Production And Energy Consumption In Discrete Manufacturing Process, Wenjie Chen, Wang Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The collaborative optimization of manufacturing process and energy consumption is one of the hot research issues in intelligent optimization manufacturing. To solve the scheduling optimization problem of discrete manufacturing process, a coordinated scheduling optimization of production and energy consumption with the shortest processing time and lowest energy consumption is established. The model proposes an improved differential evolution algorithm based on adaptive mutation and crossover probability factor to solve the optimal scheduling problem. By establishing the operation-based coding method, the application of continuous algorithm in discrete optimization scheduling problem is realized by using ascending ordering rules. The effectiveness of …

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System Simulation Study On Influences Of Oil Price, Policy And Public Opinion On Travel, Yijun Liu, Mengwei Li, Lian Ying Jan 2019

System Simulation Study On Influences Of Oil Price, Policy And Public Opinion On Travel, Yijun Liu, Mengwei Li, Lian Ying

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization, environmental problems such as traffic congestion and automobile exhaust pollution have received widespread attention, which made it of great significance to rationally adjust and guide people to choose green travel modes to optimize the structure of consumer travel. By constructing agent-based binary and ternary consumer driving state simulation models, three measures that may affect the consumer travel, namely, oil price regulation, policy intervention and public opinion guidance are researched, in order to explore the most influential measures, and how the three measures are more suitable for guiding healthy travel and optimizing urban road conditions, …

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Domain Decomposition Based Sph Parallel Computing Method Study And Its Application, Chen Hong, Huang Jie, Li Yi, Liu Sen Jan 2019

Domain Decomposition Based Sph Parallel Computing Method Study And Its Application, Chen Hong, Huang Jie, Li Yi, Liu Sen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To improve the speed and the capability of large scale simulation of SPH (Smoothed particle hydrodynamics), a parallel SPH method based on dynamic domain decomposition is developed. The decomposition of arbitrary numbers of subdomains is achieved by adopting dimension based factorable method. Rapid parallel cut plane search is achieved by adopting bisection method. The data communication between compute nodes is reduced by improving the subdomain assignment. A parallel SPH program was developed based on this method, with which the process of projectile hypervelocity impacting thin plate producing debris cloud was simulated. The result shows that: the method is …

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Tracking Control Method Of Autonomous Dynamic Collision Avoidance For Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Yunsheng Fan, Xiaojie Sun, Guofeng Wang, Guo Chen Jan 2019

Tracking Control Method Of Autonomous Dynamic Collision Avoidance For Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Yunsheng Fan, Xiaojie Sun, Guofeng Wang, Guo Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the dynamic tracking control of autonomous avoidance problem of the ＂Lanxin＂ Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) in the unknown ocean environment, by combining the unknown dynamic collision avoidance path planning and tracking control, a dynamic tracking control of autonomous avoidance method in the unknown ocean environment is presented. In this method, in consideration of the unknown ocean environment and real time dynamic obstacle avoidance, using a dynamic obstacle avoidance algorithm based on the velocity decomposition, a dynamic autonomous avoidance controller based on USV experimental platform is designed. Simulation results show that the method is effective and accurate, …

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Variable Step-Size Constrained Total Least Squares Algorithm For Space Registration, Jiaqiang Li, Chunyan Zhao, Jinli Chen, Ronghua Zhao, Yanping Zhu Jan 2019

Variable Step-Size Constrained Total Least Squares Algorithm For Space Registration, Jiaqiang Li, Chunyan Zhao, Jinli Chen, Ronghua Zhao, Yanping Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problem of location inaccuracy caused by abnormal error registration, a variable step-size constrained total least squares algorithm is presented. By building a nonlinear function relationship between step size and steps, algorithm step size is relatively large in initial stage and is very small during steady state. So this algorithm can achieve faster convergence rate and smaller steady-state imbalance noise at the same time. This algorithm reduces the convergence steps and improves the stability after convergence. Therefore this algorithm reduces the impact of abnormal error registration on location result. Meanwhile, this algorithm also makes location result more …

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Spatial Target Localization Using Fuzzy Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter, Haoshen Lin, Xiaojun Yang, He Bing Jan 2019

Spatial Target Localization Using Fuzzy Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter, Haoshen Lin, Xiaojun Yang, He Bing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The tracking of spatial target based on bearing-only measurements belongs to the nonlinear model of serious. Uncertain statistical characteristics of noise, which is caused by complex space environment, leads to reduced accuracy of traditional methods. The fuzzy square-root cubature Kalman filter was presented (FS-CKF) by introducing the thought of fuzzy in square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF). The algorithm which uses trapezoid subordinate function to describe noise gets rid of the limitations of traditional methods and broadens the range of SCKF. The result of simulation shows that the convergence speed of FS-CKF was 32.52% and 18.28% faster than SCKF …

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Flower Pollination Algorithm For Multi-Objective Fuzzy Flexible Job Shop Scheduling, Wenhao Xu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji Jan 2019

Flower Pollination Algorithm For Multi-Objective Fuzzy Flexible Job Shop Scheduling, Wenhao Xu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the uncertainty of parameters during flexible industrial process in the manufacturing workshops, a model of multi-objective fuzzy flexible job shop scheduling is established. To solve this model, the processing time, processing cost and material cost are described by triangular fuzzy numbers to minimize the makespan and production cost. An adaptive discrete flower pollination algorithm (ADMOFPA) is proposed. A discrete operator is utilized in the algorithm to discretize the solutions at the initialization period. To enhance the global exploration and local exploitation ability of ADMOFPA, an adaptive mutation operator is adopted. By simulating the instance of one …

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Micro Modeling And Simulation Of Bi-Directional Pedestrian Flows Crossing Bottleneck, Li Yue, Renyong Guo, Chen Liang, Jingdong Li Jan 2019

Micro Modeling And Simulation Of Bi-Directional Pedestrian Flows Crossing Bottleneck, Li Yue, Renyong Guo, Chen Liang, Jingdong Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An improved bi-directional pedestrian model based on reciprocal velocity obstacles (RVO) is proposed to investigate self-organization phenomena for bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottlenecks, and the influencing factors of pedestrian flow are analyzed. According to the RVO model problem, an improved method is constructed. The model of bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottleneck in subways based on Unity 3D is established. Based on this improved model, the bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottleneck in subways is simulated. Simulation results indicate that the model can veritably simulate self-organization phenomena for bi-directional pedestrian flows crossing bottlenecks in subways and pedestrians flow is an increasing …

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Variable Sampling Period Scheduling Algorithm Based On Grey Neural Networks With Resource-Constrained System, Weiguo Shi, Wang Li, Shao Cheng Jan 2019

Variable Sampling Period Scheduling Algorithm Based On Grey Neural Networks With Resource-Constrained System, Weiguo Shi, Wang Li, Shao Cheng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering networked control system of the limited resources, a kind of variable sampling period scheduling algorithm based on grey-RBF-neural-network prediction network bandwidth is proposed. According to the history and current network bandwidth values of monitoring period, the original time series of different lengths are built, and the grey prediction method is used to get different grey prediction data; the grey prediction data as the input of the RBF neural network are used to realize secondary prediction for network bandwidth, which ensures that prediction data can reflect the actual situation of the network; the absolute error integral parameter is used …

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Group Consensus Of Multi-Agent Networks With Multiple Time Delays, Lianghao Ji, Xinyue Zhao Jan 2019

Group Consensus Of Multi-Agent Networks With Multiple Time Delays, Lianghao Ji, Xinyue Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The group consensus problems for first-order and second-order multi-agent networks with multiple time delays are investigated respectively. Based on the theory of frequency-domain, some algebraic criteria are analytically proposed, which can guarantee the achievement of group consensus. The results show that the input time delays, the coupling weights and the coupling strengths between the agents play key roles in reaching group consensus, whereas communication time delays can only affect the convergence rate of the systems. The validity of the results is verified by several simulated examples.

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Progress Of Quantum Information System And Its Scale Model Test, Miao Qiang, Dewei Wu Jan 2019

Progress Of Quantum Information System And Its Scale Model Test, Miao Qiang, Dewei Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the free-space quantum information technology application fields, such as the quantum communication system, the quantum positioning/navigation system and the quantum radar system, the non-ideal channel environment can cause quantum fading effect to destroy the availability of the whole quantum system. The development of the channel fading experiment of the quantum information transmission system was summarized and analyzed. The scale model experiment idea of the free-space quantum transmission system was put forward: the whole free-space quantum transmission system including the channel environmentwas reduced in size with a big scale factor to establish a scale model system; the operational principle, …

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Decision-Making Simulation Of Farmers’ Safe Production Behavior, Cui Li, Liping Luo Jan 2019

Decision-Making Simulation Of Farmers’ Safe Production Behavior, Cui Li, Liping Luo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Farmers' production behavior is the source of quality and safety of agricultural products,and the primary task to control the quality and safety of agricultural products is to research the factors affecting farmers’ behavior for safe production. We explored the factors influencing farmers’ decision-making for safe production behavior based on the theory of planned behavior and established the model of farmers' decision-making for safe production behavior based on cost-benefit theory. The model which was simulated and analyzed revealed the specific impact on farmers' safe production behavior decision from every influence factor in the quantitative point of view. Results …

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Real-Time Pricing Strategy Considering The Risk Of Smart Grid, Hongbo Zhu, Gao Yan, Yeming Dai Jan 2019

Real-Time Pricing Strategy Considering The Risk Of Smart Grid, Hongbo Zhu, Gao Yan, Yeming Dai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The real-time electricity price mechanism is an ideal method to adjust the power balance between supply and demand in smart grid. Its implementation has profound impacts on the users' behavior and the operation and management of electricity power grid’s safety. The users’ demand behavior plays a regulatory role in designing real-time electricity pricing strategy. Aiming at maximizing social welfare, the dynamic change of users’ aggregate demand is analyzed, which corrects the electricity risk items in online real-time risk model in the way of changing the individual user’s power fluctuations to all the users’ demand power fluctuations, and the optimization …

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Vibration Performance Prediction And Reliability Analysis For Bearings, Xintao Xia, Chang Zhen, Yunfei Li Jan 2019

Vibration Performance Prediction And Reliability Analysis For Bearings, Xintao Xia, Chang Zhen, Yunfei Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The bearing vibration signal contains a large amount of information involved in degradation of spindle system. The adding-weight one-rank local-region method is used to predict the vibration time series for bearing, and the forecasting error can be obtained by comparing and analyzing the prediction values with the actual values so as to verify the feasibility of the model. The prediction results of the future state for the bearing are processed by grey bootstrap method, and the vibration thresholds are given by the requirements of the spindle system on the bearing vibration performance. The performance reliability prediction of the bearing …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Pid Networked Control Systems Based On Neural Network, Zhanzhi Qiu, Shifeng Li Jan 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Pid Networked Control Systems Based On Neural Network, Zhanzhi Qiu, Shifeng Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the problems of the delay compensation and PID parameters tuning of networked control systems, a class of rapid PID networked control systems based on improved BP network was proposed. Considering the problems of obtaining hidden layer nodes number and local optimum of the BP network delay prediction model, a calculation method was proposed to obtain hidden layer nodes number, and an improved genetic algorithm was proposed to train the BP network. Considering the problems of integral saturation, parameters tuning and model mismatch of the PID network control systems, a PID parameter adjuster was designed based on …

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L2-Gain Robust Control For Flexible Joints And Flexible Link Space Robot, Lijiao Zhang, Chen Li Jan 2019

L2-Gain Robust Control For Flexible Joints And Flexible Link Space Robot, Lijiao Zhang, Chen Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The trajectory tracking and the double flexible vibration active suppression control for free-floating space robot with flexible-joints and flexible-link were proposed. The dynamic equation of the system was established according to system’s momentum conservation and Lagrange method. A singular perturbation model was established by integral manifold method, and the system was decomposed into a fast subsystem of flexible-joint which used the speed difference between the feedbacks of control law to suppress the elastic vibration of flexible-joints, a fast subsystemof flexible-link which designed optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to damp out the vibration of the flexible manipulator and …

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Simulation Study On Cutting Force Of Sicp /Al Composite, Jinfeng Wang, Jiulan Zhao, Kaiyu Chu Jan 2019

Simulation Study On Cutting Force Of Sicp /Al Composite, Jinfeng Wang, Jiulan Zhao, Kaiyu Chu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper studies the formation mechanism of cutting force of SiCp / Al composite based on the processing parameters from the turning experiment, and explains the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force of SiCp/Al composite such as cutting speed and cutting depth. To further investigate the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force, this paper conducts cutting force simulation of SiCp/Al composite based on ABAQUS, and verifies the accuracy and feasibility of the simulation by comparing with turning experimental results. The S/N ratio and variance of cutting force are analyzed using Taguchi methods. The results show that …

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Comparative Study Of Photovoltaic Islanding Detection Based On Sms And Afd, Yunjun Yu, Guoying Zhong, Ruixiang Fan, Qingzhao Ji, Jianyong Zhu Jan 2019

Comparative Study Of Photovoltaic Islanding Detection Based On Sms And Afd, Yunjun Yu, Guoying Zhong, Ruixiang Fan, Qingzhao Ji, Jianyong Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: There are many islanding detection methods, especially the active islanding detection method. It is difficult to choose the best method among so many active islanding detection methods in practice. In this paper, the non-detection zone (NDZ), detection speed and their effect to power quality of slide-mode frequency shift (SMS) method and active frequency drift (AFD) were researched. The results show that SMS is superior to AFD at the aspect of the effect on power quality when they have same NDZ. While the detection speed of SMS has big difference under different parameters. The Islanding detection model was built …

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Public Opinion Evolution And Intervention From Perspective Of Public’S Social Responsibility, Qinghua Song, Jianhong Chen Jan 2019

Public Opinion Evolution And Intervention From Perspective Of Public’S Social Responsibility, Qinghua Song, Jianhong Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the theory of planned behavior and stages of information spreading behavior, public opinion evolution mechanisms are analyzed from the perspective of public’s social responsibility (SR). Stability of public opinion evolution system is influenced by four kinds of information spreading bodies. Corresponding information spreading paths interact each other while they are relatively independent, which makes stability of the four paths show complexity features. Publishing positive information timely, decreasing population proportion of group ignoring SR and decreasing population proportion of group lack of SR are effective measures of reducing intensity of public opinion evolution and severity of public opinion …

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Modeling For Security Protection Capability Of Information System Based On Cpn, Qiangjun Chen, Mingqing Zhang, Hongshan Kong, Xiaohu Liu, Lianjie Shao Jan 2019

Modeling For Security Protection Capability Of Information System Based On Cpn, Qiangjun Chen, Mingqing Zhang, Hongshan Kong, Xiaohu Liu, Lianjie Shao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Modeling plays an important role in assessment for security protection capability. Oriented to the features that evaluation has many methods which update quickly, the analysis frame is proposed based on detect, analyse and respond. Aimed at the problems that it is difficult to model the intelligent learning and coordination process for protective device, analysis model is built based on CPN. The colors of message color sets represent the different properties of events. Detect, analysis and respond components which represent different process of security protection capability are defined. Two theorems are proved, and model complexity is analyzed. The usability …

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Research On Performance Validation Of Aircraft Based On Air-Table, Haolong Zhang, Liao Xin, Bin Li, Wenshu Wei, Pei Yin, Junpeng Hui Jan 2019

Research On Performance Validation Of Aircraft Based On Air-Table, Haolong Zhang, Liao Xin, Bin Li, Wenshu Wei, Pei Yin, Junpeng Hui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the main issues in performance validation of aircraft, this paper applied air-bearing test technology into the area of performance validation of aircraft, designed and established performance validation system of aircraft based on air-bearing. A kind of theory of space scale model was proposed and the mapping relation between air-bearing space and real space was solved. This research provided a new technical approach for performance validation of aircraft. This system has been successfully applied to a kind of aircraft simulation. The Effectiveness and accuracy are verified.

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Abnormal Event Driven Rescheduling Decision Making In Discrete Manufacturing Workshop, Weixi Ji, Youyong Cai, Chaoyang Zhang, Peng Wei Jan 2019

Abnormal Event Driven Rescheduling Decision Making In Discrete Manufacturing Workshop, Weixi Ji, Youyong Cai, Chaoyang Zhang, Peng Wei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problem of rescheduling of workshop production process, combined with the present situation of transparent manufacturing process in discrete workshop, a decision method of rescheduling and an event processing in discrete workshop driven by the abnormal events are proposed. In the IOT driven discrete manufacturing workshop environment, the complex event processing technology is applied to analyze and deal with the real-time information on manufacturing processes. On this basis, by defining the driven mechanism, the decision scheme and the performance evaluation index of rescheduling, the decision method of rescheduling in discrete workshop facing the costing is put forward; …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Travelers’ Route Choice Behavior Based On Disequilibrium Theory, Zhongxiang Huang, Jianhui Wu, Aiwu Kuang, Zhang Sheng, Xu Yan Jan 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Travelers’ Route Choice Behavior Based On Disequilibrium Theory, Zhongxiang Huang, Jianhui Wu, Aiwu Kuang, Zhang Sheng, Xu Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the influence of heterogeneous travel on traffic flow distribution, the travelers’ route choice behaviors are classified into three types: price regulation, quantity regulation and price-quantity regulation. Three day-to-day dynamical stochastic assignment models based on the disequilibrium theory are established, and the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the solutions to these models are proved. Through model simulation, it proved that each path flow in these three models can converge to a steady state after a finite travel adjustment, and the day-to-day dynamical stochastic assignment model under price-quantity regulation can simulate the influence of heterogeneous travel behaviors on the distribution …

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Improved Hybrid Devs-Based Equipment Modeling Method, Jianchun Zhang, Yanyang Zeng, Wenpeng Xu, Fengju Kang Jan 2019

Improved Hybrid Devs-Based Equipment Modeling Method, Jianchun Zhang, Yanyang Zeng, Wenpeng Xu, Fengju Kang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the shortcoming of model reuse and extensibility in the existing underwater warfare simulations, a hybrid modeling method based on improved hybrid DEVS (IHDEVS) is proposed. By analyzing the characteristics of combat in the underwater warfare, the event driven engagement process is constructed. From the two dimensions of entity function and behavior abstraction, a model classification strategy based on separation of concerns is designed, and a universal entity model framework is built based on the IHDEVS modeling theory, including layers of the interaction architecture, the coupling model and the atomic model. A typical example shows that this …

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Numerical Simulation And Experimental Study On The Rolling Process Of Polar Particles, Yanjun Xiao, Kong Xuan, Wang Zhao, Zonghua Zhang, Yanchun Xiao Jan 2019

Numerical Simulation And Experimental Study On The Rolling Process Of Polar Particles, Yanjun Xiao, Kong Xuan, Wang Zhao, Zonghua Zhang, Yanchun Xiao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The densification process of electrical paste particles during the process of battery pole piece rolling is studied. The mechanism of the pole rolling is analyzed theoretical;the basic parameters of the electric slurry particles in the movement are described; the force equation is established; and the basic conditions for the stable rolling are analyzed. The dynamic simulation is carried out by using relevant parameters, and the results are verified by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results show that there is a certain relationship between the relative density of the electrode paste and the thickness of the …

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