Computer Sciences Commons^™

Lecture 00: Opening Remarks: 46th Spring Lecture Series, Tulin Kaman

Mathematical Sciences Spring Lecture Series

Opening remarks for the 46th Annual Mathematical Sciences Spring Lecture Series at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

Vlsi Implementation Of A Cost-Efficient Loeffler-Dct Algorithm With Recursive Cordic For Dct-Based Encoder, Rih-Lung Chung, Chen-Wei Chen, Chiung-An Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu, Shih-Lun Chen

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

This paper presents a low-cost and high-quality; hardware-oriented; two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT) signal analyzer for image and video encoders. In order to reduce memory requirement and improve image quality; a novel Loeffler DCT based on a coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) technique is proposed. In addition; the proposed algorithm is realized by a recursive CORDIC architecture instead of an unfolded CORDIC architecture with approximated scale factors. In the proposed design; a fully pipelined architecture is developed to efficiently increase operating frequency and throughput; and scale factors are implemented by using four hardware-sharing machines for complexity reduction. Thus; the …

Assessing The Credibility Of Cyber Adversaries, Jenny A. Wells, Dana S. Lafon, Margaret Gratian

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

Online communications are ever increasing, and we are constantly faced with the challenge of whether online information is credible or not. Being able to assess the credibility of others was once the work solely of intelligence agencies. In the current times of disinformation and misinformation, understanding what we are reading and to who we are paying attention to is essential for us to make considered, informed, and accurate decisions, and it has become everyone’s business. This paper employs a literature review to examine the empirical evidence across online credibility, trust, deception, and fraud detection in an effort to consolidate this …

The Present And Future Of Artificial Intelligence In Ophthalmology, Robert Abishek, Elliot Cherkas

inSIGHT

Dr. Ravi Goel is a comprehensive ophthalmologist and cataract surgeon at Wills Eye Hospital, with a specific interest in finding ways that AI can help ophthalmologists improve their clinical care and treat more patients. Dr. Goel also publishes a daily blog, Protecting Sight, where he discusses a variety of topics ranging from advances in cataract surgery to medical education. One common thread throughout his blog is the burgeoning impact of AI on the field of ophthalmology, such as the utility of deep learning algorithms for diagnosing various diseases and the impact that improved intra-ocular lens (IOL) power calculations will have …

Iot Based Agriculture 4.0: Challenges And Opportunities, Halimjon Khujamatov, Temur Toshtemirov Mr., Doston Turayevich Khasanov Mr., Nasiba Saburova Ms., Ilhom Ikromovich Xamroyev Mr.

Bulletin of TUIT: Management and Communication Technologies

In recent years, the world's population growth has been intensifying, resulting in specific problems related to the depletion of natural resources, food shortages, declining fertile lands, and changing weather conditions. This paper has been discussed the use of IoT technology as a solution to such problems.

At the same time, the emergence of IoT technology has given rise to a new research direction in agriculture. Soil analysis and monitoring using Zigbee wireless sensor network technology, which is part of the IoT, will enable the creation of an IoT ecosystem as well as the development of smart agriculture. In addition, entrepreneurship, …

Why Decimal System? Why Communities With More Than 150 Folks Tend To Split? New Consequences Of The Seven Plus Minus Two Law, Leobardo Orea Amador, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Why are we using the decimal system to describe numbers? Why all over the world, communities with more than 150 folks tend to split? In this paper, we show that both phenomena -- as well as some other phenomena -- can be explained if we take into account the seven plus minus two law, according to which a person can keep in immediate memory from 5 to 9 items.

Taiger Ai: Saas Bundling And Unbundling, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Software companies bundle support services with their products as standard practice. Is it possible to be different…and profitable?

Predicting The Outcome Of Nba Games, Matthew Houde

Honors Projects in Data Science

The aim of the project is to create a machine learning model to predict NBA games. The purpose is to build upon and improve existing models. Research into other predictive sports models and machine learning techniques was conducted to understand what is currently being done to predict NBA games and how effective it is in doing so. After a thorough literary review, the model was created using Python and a variety of machine learning techniques. The dataset used had an array of team statistics for both the home and away team for each corresponding matchup and two supporting features were …

Data-Limited Domain Adaptation And Transfer Learning For Learning Latent Expression Labels Of Child Facial Expression Images, Megan Witherow, Winston Shields, Manar Samad, Khan Iftekharuddin

College of Engineering & Technology (Batten) Posters

While state-of-the-art deep learning models have demonstrated success in adult facial expression classification by leveraging large, labeled datasets, labeled data for child facial expression classification is limited. Due to differences in facial morphology and development in child and adult faces, deep learning models trained on adult data do not generalize well to child data. Recent deep domain adaptation approaches have improved the generalizability of models trained on a source domain to a target domain with few labeled samples. We propose that incorporating steps of deep transfer learning, e.g. weights initialization from the pre-trained source model and freezing model layers, may …

Analysis Of Reading Patterns Of Scientific Literature Using Eye-Tracking Measures, Gavindya Jayawardena, Sampath Jayarathna, Jian Wu

College of Sciences Posters

Scientific literature is crucial for researchers to inspire novel research ideas and find solutions to various problems. This study presents a reading task for novice researchers using eye-tracking measures. The study focused on the scan paths, fixation, and pupil dilation frequency of the participants. In this study, 3 participants were asked to read a pre-selected research paper while wearing an eye-tracking device (PupilLabs Core 200Hz). We specified sections of the research paper as areas of interest (title, abstract, motivation, methodology, conclusion)to analyze the eye-movements. Then we extracted eye-movements data from the recordings and processed them using an eye-movement processing pipeline. …

Nanopore Guided Regional Assembly, Eleni Adam, Desh Ranjan, Harold Riethman

College of Sciences Posters

The telomeres are the “caps” of the chromosomes and their vital role is to protect them. Possible telomere dysfunction caused by telomere rearrangements can be fatal for the cell and result in age-related diseases, including cancer. The telomeres and subtelomeres are regions that are hard to investigate. The current technology cannot provide their complete sequence, instead the DNA is given in multiple pieces. Current methods of assembling the pieces of these regions are not accurate enough due to the region’s high variability and complex repeated patterns. We propose a hybrid assembly method, the NPGREAT, which utilizes two of the latest …

Combine Cryo-Em Density Map And Residue Contact For Protein Structure Prediction: A Case Study, Maytha Alshammari, Jing He

College of Sciences Posters

Although atomic structures have been determined directly from cryo-EM density maps with high resolutions, current structure determination methods for medium resolution (5 to 10 Å) cryo-EM maps are limited by the availability of structure templates. Secondary structure traces are lines detected from a cryo-EM density map for α-helices and β-strands of a protein. A topology of secondary structures defines the mapping between a set of sequence segments in 1D and a set of traces of secondary structures in 3D. In order to enhance the accuracy in ranking secondary structure topologies, we propose a method that combines three sources of information …

Vaim For Solving Inverse Problems, Manal Almaeen, Yasir Alanazi, Michelle Kuchera, Nobuo Sato, Wally Melnitchouk, Yaohang Li

College of Sciences Posters

In this work, we propose the Variational Autoencoder Inverse Mapper (VAIM) to solve inverse problems, where there is a demand to accurately restore hidden parameters from indirect observations. VAIM is an autoencoder-based neural network architecture. The encoder and decoder networks approximate the forward and backward mapping, respectively, and a variational latent layer is incorporated into VAIM to learn the posterior parameter distributions with respect to the given observables. VAIM shows promising results on several artificial inverse problems. VAIM further demonstrates preliminary effectiveness in constructing the inverse function mapping quantum correlation functions to observables in a quantum chromodynamics analysis of nucleon …

The Power Of The "Internet Of Things" To Mislead And Manipulate Consumers: A Regulatory Challenge, Kate Tokeley

Notre Dame Journal on Emerging Technologies

The “Internet of Things” revolution is on its way, and with it comes an unprecedented risk of unregulated misleading marketing and a dramatic increase in the power of personalized manipulative marketing. IoT is a term that refers to a growing network of internet-connected physical “smart” objects accumulating in our homes and cities. These include “smart” versions of traditional objects such as refrigerators, thermostats, watches, toys, light bulbs, cars, and Alexa-style digital assistants. The corporations who develop IoT are able to utilize a far greater depth of data than is possible from merely tracking our web browsing in regular online environments. …

Sound In Color, Amber Rhodes

Honors Scholars Collaborative Projects

“Sound in Color” is an interactive audio-visual experience designed to explore the relationship between sound, color, and emotions. Taking place on the Massey Concert Hall stage, the project is inspired by synesthesia and incorporates research on color psychology. Participants are invited to select an emotion and color. As the user hums into a microphone, they hear their emotions expressed through sound in their headphones and watch as the lights on stage respond to their vocal cues.

An Education Theory Of Fault For Autonomous Systems, William D. Smart, Cindy M. Grimm, Woodrow Hartzog

Notre Dame Journal on Emerging Technologies

Automated systems like self-driving cars and “smart” thermostats are a challenge for fault-based legal regimes like negligence because they have the potential to behave in unpredictable ways. How can people who build and deploy complex automated systems be said to be at fault when they could not have reasonably anticipated the behavior (and thus risk) of their tools? Part of the problem is that the legal system has yet to settle on the language for identifying culpable behavior in the design and deployment for automated systems. In this article we offer an education theory of fault for autonomous systems—a new …

Multi-Dimensional Numerical Integration On Parallel Architectures, Ioannis Sakiotis, Marc Paterno, Balsa Terzic, Mohammad Zubair, Desh Ranjan

College of Sciences Posters

Multi-dimensional numerical integration is a challenging computational problem that is encountered in many scientific computing applications. Despite extensive research and the development of efficient techniques such as adaptive and Monte Carlo methods, many complex high-dimensional integrands can be too computationally intense even for state-of-the-art numerical libraries such as CUBA, QUADPACK, NAG, and MSL. However, adaptive integration has few dependencies and is very well suited for parallel architectures where processors can operate on different partitions of the integration-space. While existing parallel methods exist, most are simple extensions of their sequential versions. This results in moderate speedup and in many cases failure …

End-To-End Physics Event Generator, Yasir Alanazi, N. Sato, Tianbo Liu, W. Melnitchouk, Michelle P. Kuchera, Evan Pritchard, Michael Robertson, Ryan Strauss, Luisa Velasco, Yaohang Li

College of Sciences Posters

We apply generative adversarial network (GAN) technology to build an event generator that simulates particle production in electron-proton scattering that is free of theoretical assumptions about underlying particle dynamics. The difficulty of efficiently training a GAN event simulator lies in learning the complicated pat- terns of the distributions of the particles physical properties. We develop a GAN that selects a set of transformed features from particle momenta that can be generated easily by the generator, and uses these to produce a set of augmented features that improve the sensitivity of the discriminator. The new Feature-Augmented and Transformed GAN (FAT-GAN) is …

Why, In Deep Learning, Non-Smooth Activation Function Works Better Than Smooth Ones, Daniel Cruz, Richard Godoy, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Since in the physical world, most dependencies are smooth (differentiable), traditionally, smooth functions were used to approximate these dependencies. In particular, neural networks used smooth activation functions such as the sigmoid function. However, the successes of deep learning showed that in many cases, non-smooth activation functions like max(0,z) work much better. In this paper, we explain why in many cases, non-smooth approximating functions often work better -- even when the approximated dependence is smooth.

Why Semi-Supervised Learning Makes Sense: A Pedagogical Note, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The main idea behind semi-supervised learning is that when we do not enough human-generated labels, we train a machine learning system based on what we have, and we add the resulting labels (called pseudo-labels) to the training sample. Interesting, this idea works well, but why is somewhat a mystery: we did not add any new information so why is this working? There exist explanations for this empirical phenomenon, but most these explanations are based on complicated math. In this paper, we provide a simple intuitive explanation.

Why ∞ Is A Reasonable Symbol For Infinity, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The fact that ∞ is actively used as a symbol for infinity shows that this symbol is probably reasonable in this role, but why? In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for why this is indeed a reasonable symbol for infinity.

Buffer Overflow And Sql Injection In C++, Noah Warren Kapley

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Buffer overflows and SQL Injection have plagued programmers for many years. A successful buffer overflow, innocuous or not, damages a computer’s permanent memory. Safer buffer overflow programs are presented in this thesis for the C programs characterizing string concatenation, string copy, and format get string, a C program which takes input and output from a keyboard, in most cases. Safer string concatenation and string copy programs presented in this thesis require the programmer to specify the amount of storage space necessary for the program’s execution. This safety mechanism is designed to help programmers avoid over specifying the amount of storage …

An Inside Vs. Outside Classification System For Wi-Fi Iot Devices, Paul Gralla

Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses

We are entering an era in which Smart Devices are increasingly integrated into our daily lives. Everyday objects are gaining computational power to interact with their environments and communicate with each other and the world via the Internet. While the integration of such devices offers many potential benefits to their users, it also gives rise to a unique set of challenges. One of those challenges is to detect whether a device belongs to one’s own ecosystem, or to a neighbor – or represents an unexpected adversary. An important part of determining whether a device is friend or adversary is to …

The Rock 2021, School Of Engineering And Computer Science

The Rock

No abstract provided.

Understanding God And His Redemptive Work In Computer Science, Mike Wallinga

Faculty Tenure Papers

Computer science as a discipline and computer scientists as a group tend to exhibit a technical, skills-focused disposition. Curriculum standards demand students acquire a long list of mathematical and programming abilities. Students both expect and are excited by the opportunity to learn the ins and outs of cutting-edge technology. Furthermore, programming a computer is an exercise in exactness and specificity. Is the semicolon in the right place? Are all of the parentheses matched? Does this Boolean logic or loop control statement contain an off-by-one error? Failing to state all of the required commands fully and exactly will result in a …

Lev Landau's Marital Advice Explained, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Nobelist physicist Lev Landau was known for applying mathematical and physical reasoning to human relations. His advices may have been somewhat controversial, but they were usually well motivated. However, there was one advice for which no explanation remains -- that a person should not marry his/her first and second true loves, and only start thinking about marriage starting with the third true love. In this paper, we provide a possible Landau-style motivation for this advice.

Limit Theorems As Blessing Of Dimensionality: Neural-Oriented Overview, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

As a system becomes more complex, at first, its description and analysis becomes more complicated. However, a further increase in the system's complexity often makes this analysis simpler. A classical example is Central Limit Theorem: when we have a few independent sources of uncertainty, the resulting uncertainty is very difficult to describe, but as the number of such sources increases, the resulting distribution get close to an easy-to-analyze normal one -- and indeed, normal distributions are ubiquitous. We show that such limit theorems often make analysis of complex systems easier -- i.e., lead to blessing of dimensionality phenomenon -- for …

What Is 1/0 From The Practical Viewpoint: A Pedagogical Note, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

What is 1/0? Students are first taught -- in elementary school -- that it is undefined, then -- in calculus -- then it is infinity. In both cases, the answer is usually provided based on abstract reasoning. But what about the practical meaning? In this paper, we show that, depending on the specific practical problem, we can have different answers to this question: in some practical problems, the correct answer is that 1/0 is undefined, in others, the correct answer is that 1/0 =0 -- and there are probably other practical problems where we can have different answers. Bottom line: …

Technological Tethereds: Potential Impact Of Untrustworthy Artificial Intelligence In Criminal Justice Risk Assessment Instruments, Sonia M. Gipson Rankin

Faculty Scholarship

Issues of racial inequality and violence are front and center in today’s society, as are issues surrounding artificial intelligence (AI). This Article, written by a law professor who is also a computer scientist, takes a deep dive into understanding how and why hacked and rogue AI creates unlawful and unfair outcomes, particularly for persons of color.

Black Americans are disproportionally featured in criminal justice, and their stories are obfuscated. The seemingly endless back-to-back murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery, and heartbreakingly countless others have finally shaken the United States from its slumbering journey towards intentional criminal justice …

Selfish Gene Theory Explains Oedipus Complex, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Sigmund Freud famously placed what he called Oedipus complex at the center of his explanation of psychological and psychiatric problems. Freund's analysis was based on anecdotal evidence and intuition, not on solid experiments -- as a result, for a long time, many psychologists dismissed the universality of Freud's findings. However, lately, experiments seem to confirm that indeed men, on average, select wives who resemble their mothers, and women select husbands who resemble their mothers. In this paper, we provide a possible biological explanation for this observational phenomenon.