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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 4524
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For Vehicle Routing Problem With Cross-Docking, Aldy Gunawan, Audrey Tedja Widjaja, Pieter Vansteenwegen, Vincent F. Yu
Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For Vehicle Routing Problem With Cross-Docking, Aldy Gunawan, Audrey Tedja Widjaja, Pieter Vansteenwegen, Vincent F. Yu
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Cross-docking is considered as a method to manage and control the inventory flow, which is essential in the context of supply chain management. This paper studies the integration of the vehicle routing problem with cross-docking, namely VRPCD which has been extensively studied due to its ability to reducethe overall costs occurring in a supply chain network. Given a fleet of homogeneous vehicles for delivering a single type of product from suppliers to customers through a cross-dock facility, the objective of VRPCD is to determine the number of vehicles used and the corresponding vehicle routes, such that the vehicleoperational and transportation …
Search Me In The Dark: Privacy-Preserving Boolean Range Query Over Encrypted Spatial Data, Xiangyu Wang, Jianfeng Ma, Ximeng Liu, Robert H. Deng, Yinbin Miao, Dan Zhu, Zhuoran Ma
Search Me In The Dark: Privacy-Preserving Boolean Range Query Over Encrypted Spatial Data, Xiangyu Wang, Jianfeng Ma, Ximeng Liu, Robert H. Deng, Yinbin Miao, Dan Zhu, Zhuoran Ma
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
With the increasing popularity of geo-positioning technologies and mobile Internet, spatial keyword data services have attracted growing interest from both the industrial and academic communities in recent years. Meanwhile, a massive amount of data is increasingly being outsourced to cloud in the encrypted form for enjoying the advantages of cloud computing while without compromising data privacy. Most existing works primarily focus on the privacy-preserving schemes for either spatial or keyword queries, and they cannot be directly applied to solve the spatial keyword query problem over encrypted data. In this paper, we study the challenging problem of Privacy-preserving Boolean Range Query …
Optimal Control Of Linear Continuous-Time Systems In The Presence Of State And Input Delays With Application To A Chemical Reactor, Rohollah Moghadam, Sarangapani Jagannathan
Optimal Control Of Linear Continuous-Time Systems In The Presence Of State And Input Delays With Application To A Chemical Reactor, Rohollah Moghadam, Sarangapani Jagannathan
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this paper, the optimal regulation of linear continuous-time systems with state and input delays is introduced by utilizing a quadratic cost function and state feedback. The Lyapunov-Krakovskii functional incorporating state and input delays is defined as a value function. Next, the Bellman type equation is formulated, and a delay Algebraic Riccati equation (DARE) over infinite time horizon is derived. By using the stationarity condition for the Bellman type equation, the optimal control input is obtained. It is demonstrated that the proposed optimal control input makes the closed-loop system asymptotically stable. Finally, simulation results confirm the theoretical claims by applying …
Dynamic Trajectory Generation And A Robust Controller To Intercept A Moving Ball In A Game Setting, Ravi Prakash, Laxmidhar Behera, Santhakumar Mohan, Sarangapani Jagannathan
Dynamic Trajectory Generation And A Robust Controller To Intercept A Moving Ball In A Game Setting, Ravi Prakash, Laxmidhar Behera, Santhakumar Mohan, Sarangapani Jagannathan
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Complex and interactive robot manipulation skills, such as playing a game of table tennis against a human opponent, are a novel problem with multifaceted challenges. Accurate dynamic trajectory generation in order to respond to the tennis ball from the opponent and a novel control scheme for robust and high-performance tracking of the ball in such dynamic situations is a prerequisite to winning the game. In this paper, the dynamic movement primitives (DMPs) are employed for the stable generation of dynamic trajectories in the presence of environmental uncertainties such as ball position and velocity, opponent position and velocity and so on. …
An Application Of The Unscented Kalman Filter For Spacecraft Attitude Estimation On Real And Simulated Light Curve Data, Kent A. Rush
An Application Of The Unscented Kalman Filter For Spacecraft Attitude Estimation On Real And Simulated Light Curve Data, Kent A. Rush
Master's Theses
In the past, analyses of lightcurve data have been applied to asteroids in order to determine their axis of rotation, rotation rate and other parameters. In recent decades, these analyses have begun to be applied in the domain of Earth orbiting spacecraft. Due to the complex geometry of spacecraft and the wide variety of parameters that can influence the way in which they reflect light, these analyses require more complex assumptions and a greater knowledge about the object being studied. Previous investigations have shown success in extracting attitude parameters from unresolved spacecraft using simulated data. This paper presents a focused …
Learning Word Groundings From Humans Facilitated By Robot Emotional Displays, David Mcneill, Casey Kennington
Learning Word Groundings From Humans Facilitated By Robot Emotional Displays, David Mcneill, Casey Kennington
Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
In working towards accomplishing a human-level acquisition and understanding of language, a robot must meet two requirements: the ability to learn words from interactions with its physical environment, and the ability to learn language from people in settings for language use, such as spoken dialogue. In a live interactive study, we test the hypothesis that emotional displays are a viable solution to the cold-start problem of how to communicate without relying on language the robot does not–indeed, cannot–yet know. We explain our modular system that can autonomously learn word groundings through interaction and show through a user study with 21 …
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction For The Thermodynamics Of Small Clusters Of Particles, Aditya Dendukuri
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction For The Thermodynamics Of Small Clusters Of Particles, Aditya Dendukuri
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This work employs tools and methods from computer science to study clusters comprising a small number N of interacting particles, which are of interest in science, engineering, and nanotechnology. Specifically, the thermodynamics of such clusters is studied using techniques from spectral graph theory (SGT) and machine learning (ML). SGT is used to define the structure of the clusters and ML is used on ensembles of cluster configurations to detect state variables that can be used to model the thermodynamic properties of the system. While the most fundamental description of a cluster is in 3N dimensions, i.e., the Cartesian coordinates of …
Machine Learning For The Internet Of Things: Applications, Implementation, And Security, Vishalini Laguduva Ramnath
Machine Learning For The Internet Of Things: Applications, Implementation, And Security, Vishalini Laguduva Ramnath
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Artificial intelligence and ubiquitous sensor systems have seen tremendous advances in recent times, resulting in groundbreaking impact across domains such as healthcare, entertainment, and transportation through a collective ecosystem called the Internet of Things. The advent of 5G and improved wireless networks will further accelerate the research and development of tools in deep learning, sensor systems, and computing platforms by providing improved network latency and bandwidth. While tremendous progress has been made in the Internet of Things, current work has largely focused on building robust applications that leverage the data collected through ubiquitous sensor nodes to provide actionable rules and …
Efficient Viewshed Computation Algorithms On Gpus And Cpus, Faisal F. Qarah
Efficient Viewshed Computation Algorithms On Gpus And Cpus, Faisal F. Qarah
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Nowadays with the advance in managing and collecting large data, GIS is one of the applications that suffer from lack of efficient data management methods. GIS data often come in form of maps with different types of data such as temperature, topology, and population.
This dissertation focuses on exact-viewsheds computation for large terrains, and due to the poor performance of current exact-viewshed algorithms that may need several hours to process a midsize map, we found the need for new algorithms that are capable of efficiently computing viewshed for large size maps. This work presents a highly-efficient exact-viewshed computation algorithm based …
Zhvillimi I Një Ueb Aplikacioni E-Commerce Duke Përdorur Teknologjitë Gatsby Dhe React, Diart Novosella
Zhvillimi I Një Ueb Aplikacioni E-Commerce Duke Përdorur Teknologjitë Gatsby Dhe React, Diart Novosella
Theses and Dissertations
Siç e dimë, sa i përket marrjes së informacionit, sa më shpejtë që informohemi, aq më të suksesshëm jemi dhe kur bëhet fjalë për kërkim të produkteve, rrobave apo çfarëdo që njerëzit kanë nevojë Interneti e ka lehtësuar shumë këtë. Prandaj, në ditët e sotme gjithçka që ndërtohet, çdo kompani, çdo person, sot ka një vlerë në Internet, qoftë si dhënës i informacionit apo si marrës i informacionit. Vet themelimi i ueb-it ishte arsye që komunikimi dhe marrja e informacioni të bëhet sa më shpejtë dhe sa më të saktë. Ekzistojnë shumë metodologji të ndryshme që sot përdoren për ndërtimin …
Klasifikimi I Lajmeve Me Ane Te Text Mining, Myhedin Zika
Klasifikimi I Lajmeve Me Ane Te Text Mining, Myhedin Zika
Theses and Dissertations
Në këtë punim trajtohet problemi se cili algoritëm funksionon më së miri në klasifikimin e tekstit shqip në kategori të caktuara. Arsyeja kryesore pse kam zgjedhur këte temë është për shkak se klasifikimi i tekstit në gjuhën shqipe mund të jetë pak me i komplikuar për shkak të gjuhës sonë. Rëndesia e ketij punimi është se mund të implementohen këto algoritme në krijimin e platformave e ndryshme qe implementojne keto algoritme, mirepo me fokus kryesisht me permbajtje në gjuhën shqipe.
Për zgjedhjen e ketij problemi kemi marrur dy algoritme për krahasim, njëri prej tyre Naive Bayes dhe tjetri SVM. Kemi …
Algorithmic Robot Design: Label Maps, Procrustean Graphs, And The Boundary Of Non-Destructiveness, Shervin Ghasemlou
Algorithmic Robot Design: Label Maps, Procrustean Graphs, And The Boundary Of Non-Destructiveness, Shervin Ghasemlou
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation is focused on the problem of algorithmic robot design. The process of designing a robot or a team of robots that can reliably accomplish a task in an environment requires several key elements. How the problem is formulated can play a big role in the design process. The ability of the model to correctly reflect the environment, the events, and different pieces of the problem is crucial. Another key element is the ability of the model to show the relationship between different designs of a single system. These two elements can enable design algorithms to navigate through the …
Smart Sensing Enabled Secure And Usable Pairing And Authentication, Xiaopeng Li
Smart Sensing Enabled Secure And Usable Pairing And Authentication, Xiaopeng Li
Theses and Dissertations
Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have made our lives more convenient and better informed by sensing and monitoring our surroundings. Security applications, such as device pairing and user authentication, are the fundamentals for building a trustworthy smart environment. A secure and convenient pairing approach is critical to IoT enabled applications, as pairing is to establish a secure wireless communication channel for devices. Besides, a smart environment usually has multiple people (e.g., patients and doctors in a hospital), who have physical access to the deployed IoT devices and sensitive dumb objects (e.g., a cabinet storing medical records); but not all of …
Power-Over-Tether Uas Leveraged For Nearly-Indefinite Meteorological Data Acquisition, Daniel Rico, Carrick Detweiler, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola
Power-Over-Tether Uas Leveraged For Nearly-Indefinite Meteorological Data Acquisition, Daniel Rico, Carrick Detweiler, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola
School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in agriculture has risen in the past decade. These systems are key to modernizing agriculture. UASs collect and elucidate data previously difficult to obtain and used to help increase agricultural efficiency and production. Typical commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) UASs are limited by small payloads and short flight times. Such limits inhibit their ability to provide abundant data at multiple spatiotemporal scales. In this paper, we describe the design and construction of the tethered aircraft unmanned system (TAUS), which is a novel power-over-tether UAS leveraging the physical presence of the tether to launch multiple sensors along …
Addressing Parameter Uncertainty In Sd Models With Fit-To-History And Monte-Carlo Sensitivity Methods, Wayne Wakeland, Jack Homer
Addressing Parameter Uncertainty In Sd Models With Fit-To-History And Monte-Carlo Sensitivity Methods, Wayne Wakeland, Jack Homer
Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations
We present a practical guide, including a step-by-step flowchart, for establishing uncertainty intervals for key model outcomes in the face of uncertain parameters. The process starts with Powell optimization (e.g., using VensimTM) to find a set of uncertain parameters (the “optimum” parameter set or OPS) that minimize the model fitness error relative to available reference behavior data. The optimization process also helps in refinement of assumed parameter uncertainty ranges. Next, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or conventional Monte Carlo (MC) randomization is used to create a sample of parameter sets that fit the reference behavior data nearly as well as …
Towards A Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud Through Operable Digital Twins And Virtual Production Lines, Md Rakib Shahriar
Towards A Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud Through Operable Digital Twins And Virtual Production Lines, Md Rakib Shahriar
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In last decade, the paradigm of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has integrated industrial manufacturing systems with Cloud Computing technologies for Cloud Manufacturing. Up to 2015, there were many CPS-based manufacturing systems that collected real-time machining data to perform remote monitoring, prognostics and health management, and predictive maintenance. However, these CPS-integrated and network ready machines were not directly connected to the elements of Cloud Manufacturing and required human-in-the-loop. Addressing this gap, we introduced a new paradigm of Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud (CPMC) that bridges a gap between physical machines and virtual space in 2017. CPMC virtualizes machine tools in cloud through web services …
Application Of Siem/Ueba/Soar/Soc (Cyber Suss) Concepts On Mscs 6560 Computer Lab, Kunal Singh
Application Of Siem/Ueba/Soar/Soc (Cyber Suss) Concepts On Mscs 6560 Computer Lab, Kunal Singh
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Increased Cyber-attacks on the IT infrastructure is a grave concern for organizations. Cyber defense and cyber threat remediation have become topmost priority of organizations. This thesis explains the core concepts of SIEM, UEBA, SOAR and SOC (SUSS) and explains the details of an experimental solution to which was applied MSCS 6560 lab computers for real time cyber threat detection and remediations. To test and validate SUSS concepts, these technologies were successfully applied to a small lab environment in the MSCS infrastructure for the graduate class on the Principle of Service Management and System Administration. Lab machines in this class were …
Availability-Resilient Control Of Uncertain Linear Stochastic Networked Control Systems, Chandreyee Bhowmick, S. Jagannathan
Availability-Resilient Control Of Uncertain Linear Stochastic Networked Control Systems, Chandreyee Bhowmick, S. Jagannathan
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The resilient output feedback control of linear networked control (NCS) system with uncertain dynamics in the presence of Gaussian noise is presented under the denial of service (DoS) attacks on communication networks. The DoS attacks on the sensor-to-controller (S-C) and controller-to-actuator (C-A) networks induce random packet losses. The NCS is viewed as a jump linear system, where the linear NCS matrices are a function of induced losses that are considered unknown. A set of novel correlation detectors is introduced to detect packet drops in the network channels using the property of Gaussian noise. By using an augmented system representation, the …
Online Optimal Adaptive Control Of A Class Of Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems, Rohollah Moghadam, Pappa Natarajan, Krishnan Raghavan, Sarangapani Jagannathan
Online Optimal Adaptive Control Of A Class Of Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems, Rohollah Moghadam, Pappa Natarajan, Krishnan Raghavan, Sarangapani Jagannathan
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this paper, a multi-layer neural network (MNN) based online optimal adaptive regulation of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems in affine form with uncertain internal dynamics is introduced. The multi-layer neural networks (MNN)-based actor-critic framework is utilized to estimate the optimal control input and cost function. The temporal difference (TD) error is derived from the difference between actual and estimated cost function. The MNN weights of both critic and actor are tuned at every sampling instant as a function of the instantaneous temporal difference and control policy errors. The proposed approach does not require the selection of any basis …
Email Data Breach Analysis And Prevention Using Hook And Eye System, Shubhankar Jayant Jathar
Email Data Breach Analysis And Prevention Using Hook And Eye System, Shubhankar Jayant Jathar
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Due to the recent COVID-19 outbreak, there were a lot of data leaks from the health sector. This project is about the increase in data breach incidents that are taking place. In this project, There is an analysis of different types of breaches that are found online and are practiced to steal valuable information. Talking about different aspects that lead to data breaches and which are the main sector or main epicenter for data leaks. The analysis tells that most of the data breaches are done using emails and to overcome this limitation a system has been designed that will …
How Are Deep Learning Models Similar? An Empirical Study On Clone Analysis Of Deep Learning Software, Xiongfei Wu, Liangyu Qin, Bing Yu, Xiaofei Xie, Lei Ma, Yinxing Xue, Yang Liu, Jianjun Zhao
How Are Deep Learning Models Similar? An Empirical Study On Clone Analysis Of Deep Learning Software, Xiongfei Wu, Liangyu Qin, Bing Yu, Xiaofei Xie, Lei Ma, Yinxing Xue, Yang Liu, Jianjun Zhao
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Deep learning (DL) has been successfully applied to many cutting-edge applications, e.g., image processing, speech recognition, and natural language processing. As more and more DL software is made open-sourced, publicly available, and organized in model repositories and stores (Model Zoo, ModelDepot), there comes a need to understand the relationships of these DL models regarding their maintenance and evolution tasks. Although clone analysis has been extensively studied for traditional software, up to the present, clone analysis has not been investigated for DL software. Since DL software adopts the data-driven development paradigm, it is still not clear whether and to what extent …
Identification Of Microscopy Cell Images By Using Convolutional Neural Network Application, Ajis Norfatin Farisya
Identification Of Microscopy Cell Images By Using Convolutional Neural Network Application, Ajis Norfatin Farisya
Student Works (2020-2029)
Breast cancer has been the major factor of cancer death and the second main cause of women’s deaths in the world. The false positive results of this cancer cell detection during the screening test leads to false treatment and emotional disturbance of the patients. Thus, breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) is used as the microscopy image samples together with the Human Bone Osteosarcoma Epithelial Cells (U2OS), and Human Hepatocyte as control to study the effectiveness of convolutional neural network (CNN) as a method of image recognition. The objectives of this study are to determine the ability of convolutional neural network …
The Critical Success Factors Of Cloud Based Application Implementation In Construction Management, Sukiman Mohd Asfahani
The Critical Success Factors Of Cloud Based Application Implementation In Construction Management, Sukiman Mohd Asfahani
Student Works (2020-2029)
Design and construction are information intensive activities, involving a great number of people collaborating to produce complex, one-off developments. Whilst historically, information may have been managed and communicated using paper-based systems and verbal instructions, the integration of the supply chain, the introduction of computer aided design (CAD) and building information modelling (BIM) and the development of cloud computing application means that information communications technology (ICT) is becoming a fundamental part, not just of the design office, but also of the construction site. Cloud computing is a relatively new phenomenon in the construction industry. It allows the delivery over the 'cloud' …
An Improved Bone Age Assessment Using Advanced Image Processing And Deep Learning Approach, Kim Meng Liang
An Improved Bone Age Assessment Using Advanced Image Processing And Deep Learning Approach, Kim Meng Liang
Student Works (2020-2029)
Pediatricians often apply bone age assessment to measure the skeletal maturity of children and to predict the future height. These discrepancies are good indicators for diagnosing growth disorders. Normally, left hand skeletal is employed in this assessment. The low quality of ossification sites of carpals deteriorates the pediatrician’s visibility in inspecting the pertinent radiographic manifestations. This in turn affects the bone age assessment. Therefore, we have to enhance the quality before assessing them. Histogram equalization is one of the contrast enhancement techniques that suit this type of enhancement. Existing histogram equalizations, however, are confronting with problems in preserving the brightness …
Simulated Experince Evaluation In Developing Multi-Agent Coordination Graphs, Andrew J. Watson
Simulated Experince Evaluation In Developing Multi-Agent Coordination Graphs, Andrew J. Watson
Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive science has proposed that a way people learn is through self-critiquing by generating 'what-if' strategies for events (simulation). It is theorized that people use this method to learn something new as well as to learn more quickly. This research adds this concept to a graph-based genetic program. Memories are recorded during fitness assessment and retained in a global memory bank based on the magnitude of change in the agent’s energy and age of the memory. Between generations, candidate agents perform in simulations of the stored memories. Candidates that perform similarly to good memories and differently from bad memories are …
A Web-Based User-Interface For Internet Of Things Device Management, Leena Mansour Alghamdi
A Web-Based User-Interface For Internet Of Things Device Management, Leena Mansour Alghamdi
Theses and Dissertations
With the growing advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which combines various devices with distinct functions, capabilities, and communication protocols, it is essential to provide a platform that enables IoT users to interact with their IoT devices directly and be able to manage them effortlessly via that platform from various locations at any time in order to protect their privacy when using IoT devices. In this study, we are aiming to provide a web-based user interface that can address that challenges and provide real-time data control; hence, we have created a user interface prototype, which can demonstrate the …
Optimising The Fit Of Stack Overflow Code Snippets Into Existing Code, Brittany Reid, Christoph Treude, Markus Wagner
Optimising The Fit Of Stack Overflow Code Snippets Into Existing Code, Brittany Reid, Christoph Treude, Markus Wagner
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Software developers often reuse code from online sources such as Stack Overflow within their projects. However, the process of searching for code snippets and integrating them within existing source code can be tedious. In order to improve efficiency and reduce time spent on code reuse, we present an automated code reuse tool for the Eclipse IDE (Integrated Developer Environment), NLP2TestableCode. NLP2TestableCode can not only search for Java code snippets using natural language tasks, but also evaluate code snippets based on a user’s existing code, modify snippets to improve fit and correct errors, before presenting the user with the best snippet, …
Improving Event Detection Via Open-Domain Event Trigger Knowledge, Meihan Tong, Bin Xu, Shuai Wang, Yixin Cao, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, Jun Xie
Improving Event Detection Via Open-Domain Event Trigger Knowledge, Meihan Tong, Bin Xu, Shuai Wang, Yixin Cao, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, Jun Xie
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Event Detection (ED) is a fundamental task in automatically structuring texts. Due to the small scale of training data, previous methods perform poorly on unseen/sparsely labeled trigger words and are prone to overfitting densely labeled trigger words. To address the issue, we propose a novel Enrichment Knowledge Distillation (EKD) model to leverage external open-domain trigger knowledge to reduce the in-built biases to frequent trigger words in annotations. Experiments on benchmark ACE2005 show that our model outperforms nine strong baselines, is especially effective for unseen/sparsely labeled trigger words. The source code is released on https://github.com/shuaiwa16/ekd.git.
A Review On Eye-Tracking Metrics For Sleepiness, Debasis Roy, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah
A Review On Eye-Tracking Metrics For Sleepiness, Debasis Roy, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Sleepiness that can arise from sleep deprivation can increase human errors in task performance and create workplace hazards and accidents. Hence, it is critical to detect sleepiness to minimize hazards and human errors. This paper provides a review of the literature on eye tracking metrics that can be used to detect sleepiness. These metrics include blink duration, blink frequency, saccade latency, saccade peak velocity, saccade accuracy, smooth pursuit velocity gain, fixation rate, pupil size, and latency to pupil constriction.
Expertise Style Transfer: A New Task Towards Better Communication Between Experts And Laymen, Yixin Cao, Ruihao Shui, Liangming Pan, Min-Yen Kan, Zhiyuan Lu, Tat-Seng Chua
Expertise Style Transfer: A New Task Towards Better Communication Between Experts And Laymen, Yixin Cao, Ruihao Shui, Liangming Pan, Min-Yen Kan, Zhiyuan Lu, Tat-Seng Chua
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
The curse of knowledge can impede communication between experts and laymen. We propose a new task of expertise style transfer and contribute a manually annotated dataset with the goal of alleviating such cognitive biases. Solving this task not only simplifies the professional language, but also improves the accuracy and expertise level of laymen descriptions using simple words. This is a challenging task, unaddressed in previous work, as it requires the models to have expert intelligence in order to modify text with a deep understanding of domain knowledge and structures. We establish the benchmark performance of five state-of-the-art models for style …