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2015

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Articles 481 - 510 of 2105

Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences

Woodstocc: Extracting Latent Parallelism From A Dna Sequence Aligner On A Gpu, Stephen V. Cole, Jacob R. Gardner, Jeremy D. Buhler Sep 2015

Woodstocc: Extracting Latent Parallelism From A Dna Sequence Aligner On A Gpu, Stephen V. Cole, Jacob R. Gardner, Jeremy D. Buhler

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

An exponential increase in the speed of DNA sequencing over the past decade has driven demand for fast, space-efficient algorithms to process the resultant data. The first step in processing is alignment of many short DNA sequences, or reads, against a large reference sequence. This work presents WOODSTOCC, an implementation of short-read alignment designed for Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) architectures. WOODSTOCC translates a novel CPU implementation of gapped short-read alignment, which has guaranteed optimal and complete results, to the GPU. Our implementation combines an irregular trie search with dynamic programming to expose regularly structured parallelism. We first describe this implementation, …

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On Indistinguishability In Remote Data Integrity Checking, Xinyu Fan, Guomin Yang, Yi Mu, Yong Yu Sep 2015

On Indistinguishability In Remote Data Integrity Checking, Xinyu Fan, Guomin Yang, Yi Mu, Yong Yu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With a rapid growth of data storage in the cloud, data integrity checking in a remote data storage system has become an important issue. A number of protocols, which allow remote integrity checking by a third party, have been proposed. Although those protocols are provably secure, the data privacy issues in those protocols have not been considered. We believe that these issues are equally important since the communication flows of integrity proofs from the cloud server should not reveal any useful information of the stored data. In this paper, we introduce a new definition of data privacy called ‘INDPrivacy’ by …

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Towards Opinion Summarization From Online Forums, Ding Ying, Jing Jiang Sep 2015

Towards Opinion Summarization From Online Forums, Ding Ying, Jing Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Summarizing opinions expressed in online forums can potentially benefit many people. However, special characteristics of this problem may require changes to standard text summarization techniques. In this work, we present our initial attempt at extractive summarization of opinionated online forum threads. Given the nature of user generated content in online discussion forums, we hypothesize that besides relevance, text quality and subjectivity also play important roles in deciding which sentences are good summary sentences. We therefore construct an annotated corpus to facilitate our study of extractive summarization of online discussion forums. We define a set of features to capture relevance, text …

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A Survey On Artificial Intelligence-Based Modeling Techniques For High Speed Milling Processes, Amin Jahromi Torabi, Meng Joo Er, Xiang Li, Beng Siong Lim, Lianyin Zhai, Richard Jayadi Oentaryo, Gan Oon Peen, Jacek M. Zurada Sep 2015

A Survey On Artificial Intelligence-Based Modeling Techniques For High Speed Milling Processes, Amin Jahromi Torabi, Meng Joo Er, Xiang Li, Beng Siong Lim, Lianyin Zhai, Richard Jayadi Oentaryo, Gan Oon Peen, Jacek M. Zurada

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The process of high speed milling is regarded as one of the most sophisticated and complicated manufacturing operations. In the past four decades, many investigations have been conducted on this process, aiming to better understand its nature and improve the surface quality of the products as well as extending tool life. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to form a general descriptive reference model of the milling process using experimental data, thermomechanical analysis, statistical or artificial intelligence (AI) models. Moreover, increasing demands for more efficient milling processes, qualified surface finishing, and modeling techniques have propelled the development of more …

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Latent Factors Meet Homophily In Diffusion Modelling, Duc Minh Luu, Ee-Peng Lim Sep 2015

Latent Factors Meet Homophily In Diffusion Modelling, Duc Minh Luu, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Diffusion is an important dynamics that helps spreading information within an online social network. While there are already numerous models for single item diffusion, few have studied diffusion of multiple items, especially when items can interact with one another due to their inter-similarity. Moreover, the well-known homophily effect is rarely considered explicitly in the existing diffusion models. This work therefore fills this gap by proposing a novel model called Topic level Interaction Homophily Aware Diffusion (TIHAD) to include both latent factor level interaction among items and homophily factor in diffusion. The model determines item interaction based on latent factors and …

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Event And Strategy Analytics, Jin Song Dong, Jun Sun, Yang Liu, Yuan-Fang Li, Jing Sun, Ling Shi Sep 2015

Event And Strategy Analytics, Jin Song Dong, Jun Sun, Yang Liu, Yuan-Fang Li, Jing Sun, Ling Shi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Model checking has been pervasive and successful in finding bugs in hardware and software systems, including real-time and probabilistic systems. Applying model checking to decision making is relative new and has an excellent potential to be compliment to data analytics and other Artificial Intelligent (AI) or Operational Research (OR) based decision making techniques. Our last 8 years research has focused on the development of PAT (Process Analysis Toolkit) [18] which supports modelling languages that combine the expressiveness of event, state, time and probability based modeling techniques to which model checking can be directly applied. The next direction for PAT is …

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Using Content-Level Structures For Summarizing Microblog Repost Trees, Jing Li, Wei Gao, Zhongyu Wei, Baolin Peng, Kam-Fai Wong Sep 2015

Using Content-Level Structures For Summarizing Microblog Repost Trees, Jing Li, Wei Gao, Zhongyu Wei, Baolin Peng, Kam-Fai Wong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A microblog repost tree provides strong clues on how an event described therein develops. To help social media users capture the main clues of events on microblogging sites, we propose a novel repost tree summarization framework by effectively differentiating two kinds of messages on repost trees called leaders and followers, which are derived from contentlevel structure information, i.e., contents of messages and the reposting relations. To this end, Conditional Random Fields (CRF) model is used to detect leaders across repost tree paths. We then present a variant of random-walk-based summarization model to rank and select salient messages based on the …

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Tonetrack: Leveraging Frequency-Agile Radios For Time-Based Indoor Wireless, Jie Xiong, Karthikeyan Sundaresan, Kyle Jamieson Sep 2015

Tonetrack: Leveraging Frequency-Agile Radios For Time-Based Indoor Wireless, Jie Xiong, Karthikeyan Sundaresan, Kyle Jamieson

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Indoor localization of mobile devices and tags has received much attention recently, with encouraging fine-grained localization results available with enough line-of-sight coverage and hardware infrastructure. Some of the most promising techniques analyze the time-of-arrival of incoming signals, but the limited bandwidth available to most wireless transmissions fundamentally constrains their resolution. Frequency-agile wireless networks utilize bandwidths of varying sizes and locations in a wireless band to effi- ciently share the wireless medium between users. ToneTrack is an indoor location system that achieves sub-meter accuracy with minimal hardware and antennas, by leveraging frequency-agile wireless networks to increase the effective bandwidth. Our novel …

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Need Accurate User Behaviour?: Pay Attention To Groups!, Kasthuri Jayarajah, Youngki Lee, Archan Misra, Rajesh Krishna Balan Sep 2015

Need Accurate User Behaviour?: Pay Attention To Groups!, Kasthuri Jayarajah, Youngki Lee, Archan Misra, Rajesh Krishna Balan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we show that characterizing user behaviour from location or smartphone usage traces, without accounting for the interaction of individuals in physical-world groups, can lead to erroneous results. We conducted one of the largest studies in the UbiComp domain thus far, involving indoor location traces of more than 6,000 users, collected over a 4-month period at our university campus, and further studied fine-grained App usage of a subset of 156 Android users. We apply a state-of-the-art group detection algorithm to annotate such location traces with group vs. individual context, and then show that individuals vs. groups exhibit significant …

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Near Real-Time Retail Payment And Settlement Systems Mechanism Design, Zhiling Guo, Robert John Kauffman, Mei Lin, Dan Ma Sep 2015

Near Real-Time Retail Payment And Settlement Systems Mechanism Design, Zhiling Guo, Robert John Kauffman, Mei Lin, Dan Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Rapid expansion of e-commerce, along with rising domestic and cross-border payments, has fueled the demand among financial institutions for a cost-effective means to expedite clearing and settlement of low-value retail payments. These are called faster payments settlement systems. Traditionally, retail payments have made extensive use of interbank netting systems, in which payments are accumulated for end-of-day settlement. This approach, known as deferred net settlement (DNS), reduces the liquidity needs of the payment system, but bears inherent operational and financial risks for unsettled intraday payments. As large dollar volumes of retail payments accumulate, real-time gross settlement (RTGS) has been recognized as …

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Information Retrieval And Spectrum Based Bug Localization: Better Together, Tien-Duy B. Le, Richard J. Oentaryo, David Lo Sep 2015

Information Retrieval And Spectrum Based Bug Localization: Better Together, Tien-Duy B. Le, Richard J. Oentaryo, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Debugging often takes much effort and resources. To help developers debug, numerous information retrieval (IR)-based and spectrum-based bug localization techniques have been proposed. IR-based techniques process textual information in bug reports, while spectrum-based techniques process program spectra (i.e., a record of which program elements are executed for each test case). Both eventually generate a ranked list of program elements that are likely to contain the bug. However, these techniques only consider one source of information, either bug reports or program spectra, which is not optimal. To deal with the limitation of existing techniques, in this work, we propose a new …

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The Challenges Of Web Accessibility: The Technical And Social Aspects Of A Truly Universal Web, Justin Brown, Scott Hollier Sep 2015

The Challenges Of Web Accessibility: The Technical And Social Aspects Of A Truly Universal Web, Justin Brown, Scott Hollier

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper explores the concept of Web accessibility and how technologies, guidelines and policies have evolved since the turn of the twenty-first century in order to address the ideals of equitable access to online content for all people. The paper discusses the high availability of assistive technologies built into consumer devices and the associated accessibility guidelines for Web sites and content. Through examination of the literature, this paper shows that the accessible design and assessment of Web sites can be complicated, and that social media, corporate and government Web sites are yet to fully realise the goals of an accessible …

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From Physical Security To Cybersecurity, Arunesh Sinha, Thanh H. Nguyen, Debarun Kar, Matthew Brown, Milind Tambe, Albert Xin Jiang Sep 2015

From Physical Security To Cybersecurity, Arunesh Sinha, Thanh H. Nguyen, Debarun Kar, Matthew Brown, Milind Tambe, Albert Xin Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Security is a critical concern around the world. In many domains from cybersecurity to sustainability, limited security resources prevent complete security coverage at all times. Instead, these limited resources must be scheduled (or allocated or deployed), while simultaneously taking into account the importance of different targets, the responses of the adversaries to the security posture, and the potential uncertainties in adversary payoffs and observations, etc. Computational game theory can help generate such security schedules. Indeed, casting the problem as a Stackelberg game, we have developed new algorithms that are now deployed over multiple years in multiple applications for scheduling of …

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Sandra Helps You Learn: The More You Walk, The More Battery Your Phone Drains, Chulhong Min, Chungkuk Yoo, Inseok Hwang, Seungwoo Kang, Youngki Lee, Seungchul Lee, Pillsoon Park, Changhun Lee, Seungpyo Choi Choi Sep 2015

Sandra Helps You Learn: The More You Walk, The More Battery Your Phone Drains, Chulhong Min, Chungkuk Yoo, Inseok Hwang, Seungwoo Kang, Youngki Lee, Seungchul Lee, Pillsoon Park, Changhun Lee, Seungpyo Choi Choi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Emerging continuous sensing apps introduce new major factors governing phones’ overall battery consumption behaviors: (1) added nontrivial persistent battery drain, and more importantly (2) different battery drain rate depending on the user’s different mobility condition. In this paper, we address the new battery impacting factors significant enough to outdate users’ existing battery model in real life. We explore an initial approach to help users understand the cause and effect between their physical activity and phones’ battery life. To this end, we present Sandra, a novel mobility-aware smartphone battery information advisor, and study its potential to help users redevelop their battery …

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Candy Crushing Your Sleep, Kasthuri Jeyarajah, Meeralakshi Radhakrishnan, Steven C. H. Hoi, Archan Misra Sep 2015

Candy Crushing Your Sleep, Kasthuri Jeyarajah, Meeralakshi Radhakrishnan, Steven C. H. Hoi, Archan Misra

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Growing interest in quantified self has led to the popularity of lifelogging applications. In particular, health and wellness related applications have seen an upsurge with the advent of wearables such as the Fitbit. In this paper, we focus on the quality of sleep that directly impacts the overall wellness of individuals. In particular, in this work, we present a first of its kind study that (1) unobtrusively quantifies the quality of sleep and (2) seeks to identify attributing aspects of our daily lives such as an individual's usage of apps throughout the day and his/her physical environment that may affect …

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Spatial And Temporal Trends In Information Technology Outsourcing, Arti Mann, David Folch, Robert J. Kauffman, Luc Anselin Sep 2015

Spatial And Temporal Trends In Information Technology Outsourcing, Arti Mann, David Folch, Robert J. Kauffman, Luc Anselin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Over the last two decades information technology (IT) outsourcing has grown dramatically, and has emerged as a strategic choice for firms searching for ways to control their costs and maintain a competitive edge. The mechanisms driving its growth are not fully understood though. In this research, we employ an approach that focuses on geographic, temporal, and industrial proximity in a mechanism that identifies the process underlying the diffusion of IT outsourcing across firms within the U.S from 2000 to 2010. We focus on the role that firm location plays in the diffusion process, and use space-time clustering techniques from the …

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Competition, Cooperation And Regulation: Understanding The Evolution Of The Mobile Payments Technology Ecosystem, Jun Liu, Robert J. Kauffman, Dan Ma Sep 2015

Competition, Cooperation And Regulation: Understanding The Evolution Of The Mobile Payments Technology Ecosystem, Jun Liu, Robert J. Kauffman, Dan Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The past twenty years have been a time of many new technological developments, changing business practices, and interesting innovations in the financial information system (IS) and technology landscape. They have led to the increasing use of prior innovations that have supported e-commerce, and that are now being brought into financial services to support different kinds of improvements to core business processes. This research examines recent changes in the payment sector in financial services, specifically related to mobile payments (m-payments) that enable new channels for consumer payments for goods and services purchases, and other forms of economic exchange. We extend recent …

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Mining Revenue-Maximizing Bundling Configuration, Loc Do, Hady Wirawan Lauw, Ke Wang Sep 2015

Mining Revenue-Maximizing Bundling Configuration, Loc Do, Hady Wirawan Lauw, Ke Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With greater prevalence of social media, there is an increasing amount of user-generated data revealing consumer preferences for various products and services. Businesses seek to harness this wealth of data to improve their marketing strategies. Bundling, or selling two or more items for one price is a highly-practiced marketing strategy. In this paper, we address the bundle configuration problem from the data-driven perspective. Given a set of items in a seller’s inventory, we seek to determine which items should belong to which bundle so as to maximize the total revenue, by mining consumer preferences data. We show that this problem …

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Special Issue: Contemporary Research On Payments And Cards In The Global Fintech Revolution, Robert John Kauffman, Dan Ma Sep 2015

Special Issue: Contemporary Research On Payments And Cards In The Global Fintech Revolution, Robert John Kauffman, Dan Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In the past several years, there has been a lot of activity in the world of financial technologies involving card and payment services, new business products and processes involving mobile phones and location-based services, and also new money capabilities such as Bitcoin and block chain technology. The genesis of this Electronic Commerce Research and Applications Virtual Special Issue (VSI) project grew out of the Editor-in-Chief’s recognition that this journal’s first Special Issue on mobile payments appeared in 2008, when there was still a lot of hype about mobile phones and how mobile payments might work. Today, the past prognostications about …

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Designing Bus Transit Services For Routine Crowd Situations At Large Event Venues, Jianli Du, Shih-Fen Cheng, Hoong Chuin Lau Sep 2015

Designing Bus Transit Services For Routine Crowd Situations At Large Event Venues, Jianli Du, Shih-Fen Cheng, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We are concerned with the routine crowd management problem after a major event at a known venue. Without properly design complementary transport services, such sudden crowd build-ups will overwhelm the existing infrastructure. In this paper, we introduce a novel flow-rate based model to model the dynamic movement of passengers over the transportation flow network. Based on this basic model, an integer linear programming model is proposed to solve the bus transit problem permanently. We validate our model against a real scenario in Singapore, where a newly constructed mega-stadium hosts various large events regularly. The results show that the proposed approach …

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Maximum Rank Query, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Jilian Zhang, Hwee Hwa Pang Sep 2015

Maximum Rank Query, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Jilian Zhang, Hwee Hwa Pang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The top-k query is a common means to shortlist a number of options from a set of alternatives, based on the user's preferences. Typically, these preferences are expressed as a vector of query weights, defined over the options' attributes. The query vector implicitly associates each alternative with a numeric score, and thus imposes a ranking among them. The top-k result includes the k options with the highest scores. In this context, we define the maximum rank query (MaxRank). Given a focal option in a set of alternatives, the MaxRank problem is to compute the highest rank this option may achieve …

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Tagcombine: Recommending Tags To Contents In Software Information Sites, Xin Yu Wang, Xin Xia, David Lo Sep 2015

Tagcombine: Recommending Tags To Contents In Software Information Sites, Xin Yu Wang, Xin Xia, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Nowadays, software engineers use a variety of online media to search and become informed of new and interesting technologies, and to learn from and help one another. We refer to these kinds of online media which help software engineers improve their performance in software development, maintenance, and test processes as software information sites. In this paper, we propose TagCombine, an automatic tag recommendation method which analyzes objects in software information sites. TagCombine has three different components: 1) multi-label ranking component which considers tag recommendation as a multi-label learning problem; 2) similarity-based ranking component which recommends tags from similar objects; 3) …

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On Security Of Content-Based Video Stream Authentication, Swee Won Lo, Zhou Wei, Deng, Robert H., Xuhua Ding Sep 2015

On Security Of Content-Based Video Stream Authentication, Swee Won Lo, Zhou Wei, Deng, Robert H., Xuhua Ding

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Content-based authentication (CBA) schemes are used to authenticate multimedia streams while allowing content-preserving manipulations such as bit-rate transcoding. In this paper, we survey and classify existing transform-domain CBA schemes for videos into two categories, and point out that in contrary to CBA for images, there exists a common design flaw in these schemes. We present the principles (based on video coding concept) on how the flaw can be exploited to mount semantic-changing attacks in the transform domain that cannot be detected by existing CBA schemes. We show attack examples including content removal, modification and insertion attacks. Noting that these CBA …

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Server-Aided Revocable Identity-Based Encryption, Baodong Qin, Deng, Robert H., Yingjiu Li, Shengli Liu Sep 2015

Server-Aided Revocable Identity-Based Encryption, Baodong Qin, Deng, Robert H., Yingjiu Li, Shengli Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Efficient user revocation in Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) has been a challenging problem and has been the subject of several research efforts in the literature. Among them, the tree-based revocation approach, due to Boldyreva, Goyal and Kumar, is probably the most efficient one. In this approach, a trusted Key Generation Center (KGC) periodically broadcasts a set of key updates to all (non-revoked) users through public channels, where the size of key updates is only O(r log N/r), with N being the number of users and r the number of revoked users, respectively; however, every user needs to keep at least O(logN) …

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Answering Why-Not Questions On Reverse Top-K Queries, Yunjun Gao, Qing Liu, Gang Chen, Baihua Zheng, Linlin Zhou Sep 2015

Answering Why-Not Questions On Reverse Top-K Queries, Yunjun Gao, Qing Liu, Gang Chen, Baihua Zheng, Linlin Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Why-not questions, which aim to seek clarifications on the missing tuples for query results, have recently received considerable attention from the database community. In this paper, we systematically explore why-not questions on reverse top-k queries, owing to its importance in multi-criteria decision making. Given an initial reverse top-k query and a missing/why-not weighting vector set Wm that is absent from the query result, why-not questions on reverse top-k queries explain why Wm does not appear in the query result and provide suggestions on how to refine the initial query with minimum penalty to include Wm in the refined query result. …

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Evaluation And Improvement Of Procurement Process With Data Analytics, Melvin H. C. Tan, Wee Leong Lee Sep 2015

Evaluation And Improvement Of Procurement Process With Data Analytics, Melvin H. C. Tan, Wee Leong Lee

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Analytics can be applied in procurement to benefit organizations beyond just prevention and detection of fraud. This study aims to demonstrate how advanced data mining techniques such as text mining and cluster analysis can be used to improve visibility of procurement patterns and provide decision-makers with insight to develop more efficient sourcing strategies, in terms of cost and effort. A case study of an organization’s effort to improve its procurement process is presented in this paper. The findings from this study suggest that opportunities exist for organizations to aggregate common goods and services among the purchases made under and across …

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A Joint Model Of Product Properties, Aspects And Ratings For Online Reviews, Ding Ying, Jing Jiang Sep 2015

A Joint Model Of Product Properties, Aspects And Ratings For Online Reviews, Ding Ying, Jing Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Product review mining is an important task that can benefit both businesses and consumers. Lately a number of models combining collaborative filtering and content analysis to model reviews have been proposed, among which the Hidden Factors as Topics (HFT) model is a notable one. In this work, we propose a new model on top of HFT to separate product properties and aspects. Product properties are intrinsic to certain products (e.g. types of cuisines of restaurants) whereas aspects are dimensions along which products in the same category can be compared (e.g. service quality of restaurants). Our proposed model explicitly separates the …

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How Practitioners Perceive The Relevance Of Software Engineering Research, David Lo, Nachiappan Nagappan, Thomas Zimmermann Sep 2015

How Practitioners Perceive The Relevance Of Software Engineering Research, David Lo, Nachiappan Nagappan, Thomas Zimmermann

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The number of software engineering research papers over the last few years has grown significantly. An important question here is: how relevant is software engineering research to practitioners in the field? To address this question, we conducted a survey at Microsoft where we invited 3,000 industry practitioners to rate the relevance of research ideas contained in 571 ICSE, ESEC/FSE and FSE papers that were published over a five year period. We received 17,913 ratings by 512 practitioners who labelled ideas as essential, worthwhile, unimportant, or unwise. The results from the survey suggest that practitioners are positive towards studies done by …

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Did You Expect Your Users To Say This?: Distilling Unexpected Micro-Reviews For Venue Owners, Wen-Haw Chong, Bingtian Dai, Ee-Peng Lim Sep 2015

Did You Expect Your Users To Say This?: Distilling Unexpected Micro-Reviews For Venue Owners, Wen-Haw Chong, Bingtian Dai, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With social media platforms such as Foursquare, users can now generate concise reviews, i.e. micro-reviews, about entities such as venues (or products). From the venue owner's perspective, analysing these micro-reviews will offer interesting insights, useful for event detection and customer relationship management. However not all micro-reviews are equally important, especially since a venue owner should already be familiar with his venue's primary aspects. Instead we envisage that a venue owner will be interested in micro-reviews that are unexpected to him. These can arise in many ways, such as users focusing on easily overlooked aspects (by the venue owner), making comparisons …

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Trace Element Composition Of Pm2.5 And Pm10 From Kolkata - A Heavily Polluted Indian Metropolis, Reshmi Das, Bahareh Khezri, Bijayen Srivastava, Subhajit Datta, Pradip Kumar Sikdar, Richard D. Webster, Xianfeng Wang Sep 2015

Trace Element Composition Of Pm2.5 And Pm10 From Kolkata - A Heavily Polluted Indian Metropolis, Reshmi Das, Bahareh Khezri, Bijayen Srivastava, Subhajit Datta, Pradip Kumar Sikdar, Richard D. Webster, Xianfeng Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Elemental composition of PM2.5 and PM10 was measured from 16 locations in Greater Kolkata in Eastern India. Sampling was carried out in the winter months of 2013–2014. PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations ranged from 83–783 μg/m3 and 167–928 μg/m3 respectively. 20 elements were measured with an Agilent 7700 series ICP–MS equipped with a 3rd generation He reaction/collision cell following closed vessel microwave digestion. In both size fractions Fe, Na, Al, K, Ca were present in high concentrations (>1 000 ng/m3), Mn, Zn and Pb demonstrated medium concentrations (>100 ng/m …

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