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2013

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Articles 781 - 810 of 2092

Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences

Type Classes And Instance Chains: A Relational Approach, John Garrett Morris Jun 2013

Type Classes And Instance Chains: A Relational Approach, John Garrett Morris

Dissertations and Theses

Type classes, first proposed during the design of the Haskell programming language, extend standard type systems to support overloaded functions. Since their introduction, type classes have been used to address a range of problems, from typing ordering and arithmetic operators to describing heterogeneous lists and limited subtyping. However, while type class programming is useful for a variety of practical problems, its wider use is limited by the inexpressiveness and hidden complexity of current mechanisms. We propose two improvements to existing class systems. First, we introduce several novel language features, instance chains and explicit failure, that increase the expressiveness of type …

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Characterization Of Optical Communication In A Leader-Follower Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Formation, Firat Eren, Shachak Pe'eri, May-Win Thein Jun 2013

Characterization Of Optical Communication In A Leader-Follower Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Formation, Firat Eren, Shachak Pe'eri, May-Win Thein

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

As part of the research to development an optical communication design of a leader-follower formation between unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), this paper presents light field characterization and design configuration of the hardware required to allow the use of distance detection between UUVs. The study specifically is targeting communication between remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). As an initial step in this study, the light field produced from a light source mounted on the leader UUV was empirically characterized and modeled. Based on the light field measurements, a photo-detector array for the follower UUV was designed. Evaluation of the communication algorithms to monitor …

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Balancing Agility And Discipline In A Medical Device Software Organisation, Martin Mchugh, Fergal Mccaffery, Brian Fitzgerald, Klass-Jan Stol, Garret Coady, Valentine Casey Jun 2013

Balancing Agility And Discipline In A Medical Device Software Organisation, Martin Mchugh, Fergal Mccaffery, Brian Fitzgerald, Klass-Jan Stol, Garret Coady, Valentine Casey

Conference papers

Agile development techniques are becoming increasingly popular in the generic software development industry as they appear to offer solutions to the problems associated with following a plan-driven Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, agile methods may not be suited to all industries or organisations. For agile methods to succeed, an organisation must be structured in a way to accommodate agile methods. Medical device software development organisations are bound by regulatory constraints and as a result face challenges when they try to completely follow an agile methodology, but can reap significant benefits by combining both agile and plan-driven SDLC such as …

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Coupled Flow Field Simulations Of Charring Ablators With Nonequilibrium Surface Chemistry, Hicham Alkandry, Iain D. Boyd, Alexandre Martin Jun 2013

Coupled Flow Field Simulations Of Charring Ablators With Nonequilibrium Surface Chemistry, Hicham Alkandry, Iain D. Boyd, Alexandre Martin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper describes the coupling of a Navier-Stokes solver to a material response code to simulate nonequilibrium gas-surface interactions. The Navier-Stokes solver used in this study is LeMANS, which is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can simulate hypersonic reacting flows including thermo-chemical nonequilibrium effects. The material response code employed in this study is MOPAR, which uses the one-dimensional control volume nite-element method to model heat conduction and pyrolysis gas behavior. This coupling is demonstrated using a test case based on the Stardust sample return capsule. Coupled simulations are performed at three different trajectory conditions. The effects of the …

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Volume Averaged Modeling Of The Oxidation Of Porous Carbon Fiber Material, Alexandre Martin Jun 2013

Volume Averaged Modeling Of The Oxidation Of Porous Carbon Fiber Material, Alexandre Martin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Charring ablators remain the premium choice for space exploration missions that involve atmospheric re-entry. This type of ablative material is composed of a carbon matrix, usually made of fibers, which is then impregnated with a resin. During re-entry, the high heat flux produced by convective heating causes the material to chemically react. First, the resin pyrolyzes, and is vaporized into a gas that travels through the material, and is eventually ejected at the surface. Then, as the temperature rises, the surface of the porous matrix recess through ablative processes. For re-entry conditions typical of space exploration missions, this is mainly …

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Multi-Dimensional Modeling Pyrolysis Gas Flow Inside Charring Ablators, Haoyue Weng, Alexandre Martin Jun 2013

Multi-Dimensional Modeling Pyrolysis Gas Flow Inside Charring Ablators, Haoyue Weng, Alexandre Martin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Using an ablative thermal/material response code, the importance of three-dimensionality for modeling ablative test-article is addressed. In particular, the simulation of the pyrolysis gas flow inside a porous material is presented, using two different geometries. The effects of allowing the gas to flow out of the side wall are especially highlighted. Results show that the flow inside the test-article is complex, and that the 0D or 1D assumption made in most Material Response (MR) codes might not be valid for certain geometries.

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Machines And The Moral Community, Erica L. Neely Jun 2013

Machines And The Moral Community, Erica L. Neely

Philosophy and Religion Faculty Scholarship

A key distinction in ethics is between members and nonmembers of the moral community. Over time, our notion of this community has expanded as we have moved from a rationality criterion to a sentience criterion for membership. I argue that a sentience criterion is insufficient to accommodate all members of the moral community; the true underlying criterion can be understood in terms of whether a being has interests. This may be extended to conscious, self-aware machines, as well as to any autonomous intelligent machines. Such machines exhibit an ability to formulate desires for the course of their own existence; this …

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Space-Time Assumptions Behind Np-Hardness Of Propositional Satisfiability, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jun 2013

Space-Time Assumptions Behind Np-Hardness Of Propositional Satisfiability, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

For some problems, we know feasible algorithms for solving them. Other computational problems (such as propositional satisfiability) are known to be NP-hard, which means that, unless P=NP (which most computer scientists believe to be impossible), no feasible algorithm is possible for solving all possible instances of the corresponding problem. Most usual proofs of NP-hardness, however, use Turing machine -- a very simplified version of a computer -- as a computation model. While Turing machine has been convincingly shown to be adequate to describe what can be computed in principle, it is much less intuitive that these oversimplified machine are …

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Enhancing The Expressiveness Of The Cleanjava Language, Melisa Vela, Yoonsik Cheon Jun 2013

Enhancing The Expressiveness Of The Cleanjava Language, Melisa Vela, Yoonsik Cheon

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The CleanJava language is a formal annotation language for Java to support Cleanroom-style functional program verification that views a program as a mathematical function from one program state to another. The CleanJava notation is based on the Java expression syntax with a few extensions, and thus its vocabulary is somewhat limited to that of Java. This often makes it difficult to specify the rich semantics of a Java program in a succinct and natural way that is easy to manipulate for formal correctness reasoning. In this paper we propose to make the CleanJava language more expressive by supporting user-defined mathematical …

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√(X2 + Μ) Is The Most Computationally Efficient Smooth Approximation To |X|: A Proof, Carlos Ramirez, Reinaldo Sanchez, Vladik Kreinovich, Miguel Argaez Jun 2013

√(X2 + Μ) Is The Most Computationally Efficient Smooth Approximation To |X|: A Proof, Carlos Ramirez, Reinaldo Sanchez, Vladik Kreinovich, Miguel Argaez

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, we need to minimize an expression of the type |c1| + ... + |cn|. The problem is that most efficient optimization techniques use the derivative of the objective function, but the function |x| is not differentiable at 0. To make optimization efficient, it is therefore reasonable to approximate |x| by a smooth function. We show that in some reasonable sense, the most computationally efficient smooth approximation to |x| is the function √(x2 + μ), a function which has indeed been successfully used in such optimization.

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Insights On The Neyman - Pearson Lemma: Alternative Critical Regions, And Their Power., David E. Wetzell Jun 2013

Insights On The Neyman - Pearson Lemma: Alternative Critical Regions, And Their Power., David E. Wetzell

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

The Neyman-Pearson Lemma is a powerful fundamental lemma in the area of hypothesis testing in Statistics. It gives the best test when testing simple vs. simple hypotheses. In this talk we would like to investigate testing a population mean H0 μ = μ0 vs. H1 μ = μ1 > μ0. As a result of the N-P Lemma, the best test is of the form, “Reject H0 if x>c” , where c is chosen so that the Type I error probability is a. Let n be small. What are some alternative decision rules of size a, what …

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Service-Learning Panel, Dave Klanderman, Josh Wilkerson, Maria Zack Jun 2013

Service-Learning Panel, Dave Klanderman, Josh Wilkerson, Maria Zack

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

Many of us have wanted to incorporate service experiences in courses, or are being asked by our institutions to do so. Service-learning is a way of looking at service as being a partner with and leading to learning for our students. But in math, there are not a lot of resources to use! Our panelists will present classroom-tested ideas from several different levels of course, and we will end with a short time for more brainstorming among all participants.

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Pedagogical Enhancements To The Desymbol Logic Translator, Darren F. Provine, Nancy Lynn Tinkham Jun 2013

Pedagogical Enhancements To The Desymbol Logic Translator, Darren F. Provine, Nancy Lynn Tinkham

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

DeSymbol is a program that translates first-order predicate logic expressions into English. It is intended to be a practice tool for students who are learning logic for the first time or who are trying to refresh their memories if they need to use symbolic logic for an upper-level course. Students start with an English sentence and translate it by hand into symbolic logic notation; then they can check their work by using DeSymbol to translate their notation back into English. If the English sentence produced by DeSymbol differs significantly from the original English sentence, this helps the student to see …

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Mapping Biblical Commandments To An Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma Framework, Nathan Gossett, Adam Johnson Jun 2013

Mapping Biblical Commandments To An Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma Framework, Nathan Gossett, Adam Johnson

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

In his writings on Game Theory, an d the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma in particular, Robert Axelrod outlined four properties that are predictors of a successful strategy: Niceness, Reciprocity, Forgiveness, and Understandability. On the topic of Reciprocity, Axelrod makes the claim that not only does The Golden Rule lead to a suboptimal strategy, but that one of the most successful strategies (Tit for Tat) shows that a command of “An eye for an eye” leads to a much more optimal strategy. In this paper, we will discuss the details of Axelrod’s four properties, outline Biblical support for all four, and discuss …

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Open Source Software: What Is It, And Why Should We Care?, Karl-Dieter Crisman Jun 2013

Open Source Software: What Is It, And Why Should We Care?, Karl-Dieter Crisman

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

This paper examines the distinctions in talking about computer software that has implications for both mathematics and moral thought.

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Teaching Complex Analysis As A Lab-Type Course With A Focus On Geometric Interpretations Using Mathematics, William M. Kinney Jun 2013

Teaching Complex Analysis As A Lab-Type Course With A Focus On Geometric Interpretations Using Mathematics, William M. Kinney

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

I taught complex analysis for the first time in my career during the spring of 2013. I decided to do something “radical” and teach it as a lab-type course with a focus on geometric interpretations using the computer program Mathematica. The students and I met in a computer lab and, during most meetings, we spent a large portion of our time experimenting and exploring using Mathematica to visualize key concepts in complex analysis. Because of this, there was a heavy emphasis on viewing analytic functions as conformal mappings as well as considering associated vector fields and flows. Mathematica was used …

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Faith Integration Projects For First-Year Students, Doug Phillippy Jun 2013

Faith Integration Projects For First-Year Students, Doug Phillippy

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

This talk will consider the use of projects to motivate students to think deeply about how their faith connects with mathematics. This talk will begin by describing what a faith integration project is, including the goals and objectives of such a project. The talk will briefly describe a number of projects written by the speaker, with a more detailed look at one of those projects. The talk will conclude by discussing how these projects are being used to assess how students are doing at articulating a maturing understanding of the connection between faith and mathematics

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Philosophy Motivates Undergraduates In Mathematics, Dustin Wilson Jun 2013

Philosophy Motivates Undergraduates In Mathematics, Dustin Wilson

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

A talk on how elective seminars on the philosophy of mathematics can inspire undergraduate students to pursue and persist in mathematics.

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Nimbus A Novel Multi-Device Operating System Shell, Sang Jin Lee Jun 2013

Nimbus A Novel Multi-Device Operating System Shell, Sang Jin Lee

Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses

Web technologies have advanced considerably in the last decade. With the introduction of HTML5 and CSS3 web standards, websites are no longer static documents, but rich applications that are capable of rivaling those written in native code. Similarly, internet infrastructure and adoption has reached a point where "always connected" and cross-platform applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Google Drive, Spotify, Dropbox, and Youtube are becoming dominant. While these web applications have acclimated users to cross-platform and cross-device experiences, operating systems have lagged behind, offering subpar experiences across devices. We present the design, prototype implementation, and evaluation of Nimbus, an operating system …

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Crisis Response Coordination In Online Communities, Hemant Purohit Jun 2013

Crisis Response Coordination In Online Communities, Hemant Purohit

Kno.e.sis Publications

During recent crises, citizens (sensors) are increasingly using social media to share variety of information- situation on the ground, emerging needs, donation offers, damage, etc. In such an evolving ad-hoc community, how can we extract actionable nuggets from the social media streams to aid relief efforts? This doctoral consortium presentation summarizes a framework to analyze social data and manage information to assist coordination by focusing on three important questions to answer: Whom to coordinate with, Why to coordinate and How to coordinate, with exemplary insights for needs and availability from the recent disaster events.

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Incentive Compatible Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis, Murat Kantarcioglu, Wei Jiang Jun 2013

Incentive Compatible Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis, Murat Kantarcioglu, Wei Jiang

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In many cases, competing parties who have private data may collaboratively conduct privacy-preserving distributed data analysis (PPDA) tasks to learn beneficial data models or analysis results. Most often, the competing parties have different incentives. Although certain PPDA techniques guarantee that nothing other than the final analysis result is revealed, it is impossible to verify whether participating parties are truthful about their private input data. Unless proper incentives are set, current PPDA techniques cannot prevent participating parties from modifying their private inputs. This raises the question of how to design incentive compatible privacy-preserving data analysis techniques that motivate participating parties to …

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Forming The Analytical Society At Cambridge University, Richard Stout Jun 2013

Forming The Analytical Society At Cambridge University, Richard Stout

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

The Analytical Society, an organization begun by students at Cambridge, was founded in 1812. Even though it was entirely student-led, the society was responsible for significant changes in the Cambridge mathematics curriculum and in the way mathematics was perceived in Britain throughout the nineteenth century. Its success was likely due to the outstanding students who formed the group, some of whom went on to become leaders in British science and mathematics for the next fifty years. In this paper we will briefly look at several of those who played important roles in forming and leading the society and we will …

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The Unity Of Knowledge And The Faithfulness Of God: The Theology Of Mathematical Physicist John Polkinghorne, Matt Delong Jun 2013

The Unity Of Knowledge And The Faithfulness Of God: The Theology Of Mathematical Physicist John Polkinghorne, Matt Delong

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

In this paper we will give a brief introduction to Polkinghorne's life and work. We will give an introduction to Polkinghorne's approach to philosophy and theology. We will introduce the two most significant influences on Polkinghorne's development as a theologian and philosopher of science. We will then give a necessarily telegraphic review of some of the topics addressed in Polkinghorne's theology, including his thoughts on science and religion, natural theology, evil, providence, prayer, resurrection, the soul and eschatology. We will then conclude with a few short examples of Polkinghorne's thoughts on mathematics.

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Leading A Successful Missions Trip In Your Discipline, Tom Nurkkala, Darci Nurkkala Jun 2013

Leading A Successful Missions Trip In Your Discipline, Tom Nurkkala, Darci Nurkkala

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

The global missions community goes wanting for skilled workers in almost every discipline. However, even students at a Christian institution that emphasizes global engagement remain largely unaware of the impact they can make in missions by leveraging their own academic specialty. In this paper, we draw on our experience leading discipline-specific missions trips as a means to encourage students to reframe their thinking about personal involvement in missions. We discuss the need for students to experience missions firsthand, and the student outcomes we have observed in intercultural awareness and spiritual formation. A key student outcome is an increased willingness to …

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Googol-Part Fugue: Another Imagination Of Divine Providence And Game Theory, Gideon Lee Jun 2013

Googol-Part Fugue: Another Imagination Of Divine Providence And Game Theory, Gideon Lee

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

The problem of evil presents an intellectual hurdle for some to believe in a good and omnipotent God. The emergence of open theism could be seen as an attempt to make a stronger case for the free will defense. However, in denying divine foreknowledge as traditionally understood, open theism contradicts biblical revelation not only in its direct claims, but also when its logical implications for divine providence are worked out. The open theist Alan Rhoda has sought to explain through game theory how some degree of divine providence is possible under open theism. That explanation is astonishing since the open …

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Life Lessons From Leibniz, Andrew J. Simoson Jun 2013

Life Lessons From Leibniz, Andrew J. Simoson

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

The tri-centennial of Leibniz’s death is nigh (2016). And 2013 is not too early to begin a special celebration of this man of mathematics. Besides being the co-discoverer of calculus and the implementer of binary numbers, formal logic, and formal languages, all of which foreshadowed the computer age, Leibniz is said to be one of the last to know almost everything that was known about almost anything. Professionally, his occupation was librarian in the princely court of Hanover in oldGermany. Serving under three different princes, the last of whom became George I of England, Leibniz had to continual lyre-invent himself—somewhat …

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Al-Khwārizmī: Founder Of Classical Algebra, Calvin Jongsma Jun 2013

Al-Khwārizmī: Founder Of Classical Algebra, Calvin Jongsma

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

Adopting a historically defensible definition of “algebra,” we will begin by exploring a few examples of algebra prior toal-Khwarizmi. We will then examine what algebra became through al-Khwarizmi’s work. In conclusion, we will assess thehistorical importance of al-Khwarizmi’s contributions for developments in European algebra.

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Expanding Jonathan Edwards’ Typology Program: The Bell Curve As A Type Of Christ, Jason Wilson Jun 2013

Expanding Jonathan Edwards’ Typology Program: The Bell Curve As A Type Of Christ, Jason Wilson

ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013

Over two hundred years after his death, an unfinished notebook of Jonathan Edwards’ was published for the first time in1993. Edwards was a father of the Evangelical movement, but because his work on typology was not published until recently, it has received almost no attention. In his notebook, Edwards makes an explicit argument for extending biblical typology to nature in a biblically grounded manner. This study is an attempt to extend that research program into mathematics/statistics.We will consider the following proposition, “The normal distribution (the graph of which is the bell curve) is a biblical type of Christ.” The basic …

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Beyond Traditional Chemical Kinetics Formulas: Group-Theoretic Approach, Vladik Kreinovich Jun 2013

Beyond Traditional Chemical Kinetics Formulas: Group-Theoretic Approach, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

According to the traditional formulas of chemical kinetics, the rate is proportional to the product of concentrations of reagents. This formula leads to a reasonable description of interactions both in chemistry and in other disciplines (e.g., in ecology). However, in many cases, these formulas are only approximate. Several semi-empirical formulas have been designed to more accurately describe the interaction rate. The problem is that most of these formulas are purely empirical, they lack a convincing theoretical explanation. In this paper, we show that a group-theoretic approach -- taking into account natural symmetries of the systems -- leads to the desired …

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On Compressing Data In Wireless Sensor Networks For Energy Efficiency And Real Time Delivery, Tommy Szalapski, Sanjay Madria Jun 2013

On Compressing Data In Wireless Sensor Networks For Energy Efficiency And Real Time Delivery, Tommy Szalapski, Sanjay Madria

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wireless sensor networks possess significant limitations in storage, bandwidth, processing, and energy. Additionally, real-time sensor network applications such as monitoring poisonous gas leaks cannot tolerate high latency. While some good data compression algorithms exist specific to sensor networks, in this paper we present TinyPack, a suite of energy-efficient methods with high-compression ratios that reduce latency, storage, and bandwidth usage further in comparison with some other recently proposed algorithms. Our Huffman style compression schemes exploit temporal locality and delta compression to provide better bandwidth utilization important in the wireless sensor network, thus reducing latency for real time sensor-based monitoring applications. Our …

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