Computer Sciences Commons^™

Real Time Facial Expression Recognition And Eye Gaze Estimation System, Suzan Anwar

Theses and Dissertations

The following dissertation proposes a gaze estimation and an emotion recognition system, as this system proposed is a face analysis package which not only contains face detection, but also eye tracking, emotion recognition, eye detection, as well as eye estimation. The system is comprised of a facial emotion recognition that can recognize the seven emotions including happiness, anger, sadness, neutral, surprise, disgust, and fear. This part of the system has an implemented Active Shape Model (ASM) tracker, as it is the emotion recognition part of the system, which through the webcam input can track 116 facial landmarks points to obtain …

A Tla+ Specification For A Set Associative Write Back Caching System, Sean Orme

Theses and Dissertations

This experiment attempted to push the limits of the TLA+ specification language and TLC model checker by specifying and checking a modern, set associative, write back caching system. This was done through the writing of a specification that focused on the operation of a single level, multi-CPU cache. While a fully associative and direct mapped version of the specification eventually model checked in a reasonable amount of time, the added complexity of a fully associative cache proved too much for an 80 processor high performance machine with almost 1TB of hard drive space. The use of a simulation mode allowed …

Krahasimi I Arkitekturës Së Aplikacioneve Në Platformat Android Dhe Ios, Petrim Gashi

Theses and Dissertations

A

plikacionet mobile janë aplikacione software të menduara për t’u ekzekutuar në një smartphone, tablet ose pajisje tjetër mobile. Këto aplikacione instalohen në një sistem operativ, ashtu siç instalohen programet në një kompjuter desktop ose laptop. Aplikacionet mobile janë bërë sot një element jetik për mbarë njerëzimin në përgjithesi. Njerëzit janë gjithnjë e më shumë në lëvizje nga vetë dinamika e ritmit të jetës sot, dhe kërkojnë lehtësira dhe rezultate të menjëhershme në marrjen e informacioneve. Nëse vendosi të bleni një telefonë të mençur, atëherë shpesh keni dëgjuar fjalët "Android" dhe "iPhone". Këto dy marka të njohura të telefonave të …

Zhvillimi I Aplikacionit E-Forumi Në Platformen E Ueb-It: Duke Përdor Teknologjitë Mongodb Dhe Laravel, Yllzon Sejdiu

Theses and Dissertations

Bota e internetit çdo ditë e më shumë po evulon dhe kështu bashkë me të imponohet që të zbulohen edhe teknologji të reja. Që të jemi në hapë me kohën duhet të krijohen platforma stabile dhe lehtë të zgjerueshme. Me rritjen e numrit të përdoruesëve në internet, njëkohësisht rritet edhe kërkesa për ruajtje të të dhënave komplekse. Sistemet tradicionale të menaxhimit të bazës së të dhënave SQL (DBMS) dhe NoSQL kanë qenë mjaft kompetitive gjatë dekadave të fundit. Ku SQL nga njëra anë paraqet një model të të dhënave që kërkon definicion të qartë të skemes se bazës së të …

Analizimi I Veglave Të Asp Për Krijimin E Web Aplikacioneve, Agnesa Bytyqi

Theses and Dissertations

Analizimi i veglave të ASP për krijimin e web aplikacioneve përfshin krijimin e web aplikacioneve, ku mund të zgjedhim vet ne cillen gjuhë mundëm ta programojn.ASP bënë ne pjesen e Microsoft programming platform e cilla përkrah disa gjuhë programuse të cillat mundësojn krijimin e web aplikacioneve dhe po ashtu edhe softureve të ndryshum.

ASP dhe veglat e saj mundën të kenë disa mangësi . Por ka edhe një numër të benefiteve që për krijimin e web aplikacioneve . Përmes kerkimin hulumtimit dhe duke perdorur Internetit dhe komunikimit, nje web aplikacion mund të krijohet më lehtë dhe mundët të depertoj në …

Testimi I Procesit Të Automatizimit Të Robotove Industrial, Albnor Shehu

Theses and Dissertations

Procesi i automatizimit është shumë i rëndësishëm për të ndihmuar ndonjë aktivitet të industrisë sidomos për klasifikimin e objekteve. Në këtë hulumtim, është ndërtuar një krahë robotik që ka katër shkallë të liris bazuar në mikrokontrollorin Arduino. Për të kapur dhe vendosur objektet me ngjyra për qëllim të renditjes në kohë reale. Algoritmi i ndërfaqeve dhe përpunimi i imazhit për të zbuluar objektin me ngjyrë të bazuar në Python3 me Libraritë: OpenCV4, NumPy dhe PySerial.

Parimet bazë në vizionin kompjuterik(OpenCV4) përdoren për të gjurmuar tre ngjyra të ndryshme: të kuqe, kaltërt dhe të verdhë. Gjatë ekzekutimit të kodit një dritare …

Zhvillimi I Aplikacionit E-Forumi Në Platformen E Ueb-It: Duke Përdor Teknologjitë Mongodb Dhe Laravel, Arian Haliti

Theses and Dissertations

Bota e internetit çdo ditë e më shumë po evulon dhe kështu bashkë me të imponohet që të zbulohen edhe teknologji të reja. Që të jemi në hapë me kohën duhet të krijohen platforma stabile dhe lehtë të zgjerueshme. Me rritjen e numrit të përdoruesëve në internet, njëkohësisht rritet edhe kërkesa për ruajtje të të dhënave komplekse. Sistemet tradicionale të menaxhimit të bazës së të dhënave SQL (DBMS) dhe NoSQL kanë qenë mjaft kompetitive gjatë dekadave të fundit. Ku SQL nga njëra anë paraqet një model të të dhënave që kërkon definicion të qartë të skemes se bazës së të …

E Ardhmja E Teknologjisë “Blockchain”, Leart Retkoceri

Theses and Dissertations

Teknologjia blockchain është zbatuar për herë të parë në vitin 2009 dhe që nga atëherë interesi për këtë teknologji vetëm po rritet, arsyet për interesin e vazhdueshëm janë atributet e saj që ofrojnë siguri, anonimitet dhe integritet të të dhënave, pa përfshirjen e ndonjë pale të tretë që kontrollon transaksionet dhe prandaj po tërheq vëmendjen e të gjithëve e ardhmja e kësaj teknologjie. Institucionet financiare ishin të parat që i kushtuan vëmendje pasi me fjalë të thjeshta është një sistem i ri i pagesave. Përveç transaksioneve financiare, ka potencial për shumë fusha të ndryshme dhe po nxit interes edhe për …

Semantic-Based Access Control Mechanisms In Dynamic Environments, Mouiad A. Hani Al-Wahah

Theses and Dissertations

The appearance of dynamic distributed networks in early eighties of the last century has evoked technologies like pervasive systems, ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, and more recently, Internet of Things (IoT) to be developed. Moreover, sensing capabil- ities embedded in computing devices offer users the ability to share, retrieve, and update resources on anytime and anywhere basis. These resources (or data) constitute what is widely known as contextual information. In these systems, there is an association between a system and its environment and the system should always adapt to its ever-changing environment. This situation makes the Context-Based Access Control (CBAC) the …

Deep Learning For Document Image Analysis, Christopher Alan Tensmeyer

Theses and Dissertations

Automatic machine understanding of documents from image inputs enables many applications in modern document workflows, digital archives of historical documents, and general machine intelligence, among others. Together, the techniques for understanding document images comprise the field of Document Image Analysis (DIA). Within DIA, the research community has identified several sub-problems, such as page segmentation and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). As the field has matured, there has been a trend of moving away from heuristic-based methods, designed for particular tasks and domains of documents, and moving towards machine learning methods that learn to solve tasks from examples of input/output pairs. Within …

Moderating Influence As A Design Principle For Human-Swarm Interaction, C Chace Ashcraft

Theses and Dissertations

Robot swarms have recently become of interest in both industry and academia for their potential to perform various difficult or dangerous tasks efficiently. As real robot swarms become more of a possibility, many desire swarms to be controlled or directed by a human, which raises questions regarding how that should be done. Part of the challenge of human-swarm interaction is the difficulty of understanding swarm state and how to drive the swarm to produce emergent behaviors. Human input could inhibit desirable swarm behaviors if their input is poor and has sufficient influence over swarm agents, affecting its overall performance. Thus, …

An Instruction Embedding Model For Binary Code Analysis, Kimberly Michelle Redmond

Theses and Dissertations

Binary code analysis is important for understanding programs without access to the original source code, which is common with proprietary software. Analyzing binaries can be challenging given their high variability: due to growth in tech manufactur- ers, source code is now frequently compiled for multiple instruction set architectures (ISAs); however, there is no formal dictionary that translates between their assem- bly languages. The difficulty of analysis is further compounded by different compiler optimizations and obfuscated malware signatures. Such minutiae means that some vulnerabilities may only be detectable on a fine-grained level. Recent strides in ma- chine learning—particularly in Natural Language …

After Https: Indicating Risk Instead Of Security, Matthew Wayne Holt

Theses and Dissertations

Browser security indicators show warnings when sites load without HTTPS, but more malicious sites are using HTTPS to appear legitimate in browsers and deceive users. We explore a new approach to browser indicators that overcomes several limitations of existing indicators. First, we develop a high-level risk assessment framework to identify risky interactions and evaluate the utility of this approach through a survey. Next, we evaluate potential designs for a new risk indicator to communicate risk rather than security. Finally, we conduct a within-subjects user study to compare the risk indicator to existing security indicators by observing participant behavior and collecting …

Representation And Reconstruction Of Linear, Time-Invariant Networks, Nathan Scott Woodbury

Theses and Dissertations

Network reconstruction is the process of recovering a unique structured representation of some dynamic system using input-output data and some additional knowledge about the structure of the system. Many network reconstruction algorithms have been proposed in recent years, most dealing with the reconstruction of strictly proper networks (i.e., networks that require delays in all dynamics between measured variables). However, no reconstruction technique presently exists capable of recovering both the structure and dynamics of networks where links are proper (delays in dynamics are not required) and not necessarily strictly proper.The ultimate objective of this dissertation is to develop algorithms capable of …

Extending And Improving Tla+, Amy House

Theses and Dissertations

TLA+ is a mathematically precise specification language based on set theory. We provide a reusable TLA+ module for specifying asynchronous message-passing systems. The syntax and semantics of the TLA+ language are introduced. An example algorithm is translated from pseudocode to TLA+ to show the new module's use. TLC is used to model-check the translated algorithm. An established parallel algorithm for detecting strongly connected components of a graph is translated to PlusCal, a pseudolanguage that can be mechanically translated into TLA+, then a formal correctness proof is given. This algorithm is one proposed to improve the efficiency of liveness checking in …

Unguided Cyber Education Techniques Of The Non-Expert, Seth A. Martin

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force and Department of Defense continues to rely on its total workforce to provide the first layer of protection against cyber intrusion. Prior research has shown that the workforce is not adequately educated to perform this task. As a result, DoD cybersecurity strategy now includes attempting to improve education and training on cyber-related concepts and technical skills to all users of DoD networks. This paper describes an experiment designed to understand the broad methods that non-expert users may use to educate themselves on how to perform technical tasks. Preliminary results informed subsequent experiments that directly compared …

Near Real-Time Rf-Dna Fingerprinting For Zigbee Devices Using Software Defined Radios, Frankie A. Cruz

Theses and Dissertations

Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network(s) (LR-WPAN) usage has increased as more consumers embrace Internet of Things (IoT) devices. ZigBee Physical Layer (PHY) is based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 specification designed to provide a low-cost, low-power, and low-complexity solution for Wireless Sensor Network(s) (WSN). The standard’s extended battery life and reliability makes ZigBee WSN a popular choice for home automation, transportation, traffic management, Industrial Control Systems (ICS), and cyber-physical systems. As robust and versatile as the standard is, ZigBee remains vulnerable to a myriad of common network attacks. Previous research involving Radio Frequency-Distinct Native Attribute …

A Blockchain-Based Anomalous Detection System For Internet Of Things Devices, Joshua K. Mosby

Theses and Dissertations

Internet of Things devices are highly susceptible to attack, and owners often fail to realize they have been compromised. This thesis describes an anomalous-based intrusion detection system that operates directly on Internet of Things devices utilizing a custom-built Blockchain. In this approach, an agent on each node compares the node's behavior to that of its peers, generating an alert if they are behaving differently. An experiment is conducted to determine the effectiveness at detecting malware. Three different code samples simulating common malware are deployed against a testbed of 12 Raspberry Pi devices. Increasing numbers are infected until two-thirds of the …

Two-On-One Pursuit With A Non-Zero Capture Radius, Patrick J. Wasz

Theses and Dissertations

In this paper, we revisit the "Two Cutters and Fugitive Ship" differential game that was addressed by Isaacs, but move away from point capture. We consider a two-on-one pursuit-evasion differential game with simple motion and pursuers endowed with circular capture sets of radius l > 0. The regions in the state space where only one pursuer effects the capture and the region in the state space where both pursuers cooperatively and isochronously capture the evader are characterized, thus solving the Game of Kind. Concerning the Game of Degree, the algorithm for the synthesis of the optimal state feedback strategies of the …

A Generalized Phase Gradient Autofocus Algorithm, Aaron Evers

Theses and Dissertations

The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm has seen widespread use and success within the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging community. However, its use and success has largely been limited to collection geometries where either the polar format algorithm (PFA) or range migration algorithm is suitable for SAR image formation. In this work, a generalized phase gradient autofocus (GPGA) algorithm is developed which is applicable with both the PFA and backprojection algorithm (BPA), thereby directly supporting a wide range of collection geometries and SAR imaging modalities. The GPGA algorithm preserves the four crucial signal processing steps comprising the PGA algorithm, while …

The Effect Of Modeling Simultaneous Events On Simulation Results, John M. Carboni

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the method that governs the prioritizing process for simultaneous events in relation to simulation results for discrete-event simulations. Specifically, it contrasts typical discrete-event simulation (DES) execution algorithms with how events are selected and ordered by the discrete-event system specification (DEVS) formalism. The motivation for this research stems from a desire to understand how the selection of events affects simulation output (i.e., response). As a particular use case, we briefly investigate the processing of simultaneous events by the Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration and Modeling (AFSIM), a military discrete-event combat modeling and simulation package. To facilitate the building …

Testing The Fault Tolerance Of A Wide Area Backup Protection System Using Spin, Kenneth James

Theses and Dissertations

Cyber-physical systems are increasingly prevalent in daily life. Smart grids in particular are becoming more interconnected and autonomously operated. Despite the advantages, new challenges arise in the form of defending these assets. Recent studies reveal that small-scale, coordinated cyber-attacks on only a few substations across the U.S. could result in cascading failures affecting the entire nation. In support of defending critical infrastructure, this thesis tests the fault tolerance of a backup protection system. Each transmission line in the system incorporates autonomous agents which monitor the status of the line and make decisions regarding the safety of the grid. Various malfunctions …

Evaluating Machine Learning Techniques For Smart Home Device Classification, Angelito E. Aragon Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Smart devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) have transformed the management of personal and industrial spaces. Leveraging inexpensive computing, smart devices enable remote sensing and automated control over a diverse range of processes. Even as IoT devices provide numerous benefits, it is vital that their emerging security implications are studied. IoT device design typically focuses on cost efficiency and time to market, leading to limited built-in encryption, questionable supply chains, and poor data security. In a 2017 report, the United States Government Accountability Office recommended that the Department of Defense investigate the risks IoT devices pose to operations security, …

Performance Analysis Of Angle Of Arrival Algorithms Applied To Radiofrequency Interference Direction Finding, Taylor S. Barber

Theses and Dissertations

Radiofrequency (RF) interference threatens the functionality of systems that increasingly underpin the daily function of modern society. In recent years there have been multiple incidents of intentional RF spectrum denial using terrestrial interference sources. Because RF based systems are used in safety-of-life applications in both military and civilian contexts, there is need for systems that can quickly locate these interference sources. In order to meet this need, the Air Force Research Laboratory Weapons Directorate is sponsoring the following research to support systems that will be able to quickly geolocate RF interferers using passive angle-of-arrival estimation to triangulate interference sources. This …

Cyber-Attack Drone Payload Development And Geolocation Via Directional Antennae, Clint M. Bramlette

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing capabilities of commercial drones have led to blossoming drone usage in private sector industries ranging from agriculture to mining to cinema. Commercial drones have made amazing improvements in flight time, flight distance, and payload weight. These same features also offer a unique and unprecedented commodity for wireless hackers -- the ability to gain ‘physical’ proximity to a target without personally having to be anywhere near it. This capability is called Remote Physical Proximity (RPP). By their nature, wireless devices are largely susceptible to sniffing and injection attacks, but only if the attacker can interact with the device via …

Instantaneous Bandwidth Expansion Using Software Defined Radios, Nicholas D. Everett

Theses and Dissertations

The Stimulated Unintended Radiated Emissions (SURE) process has been proven capable of classifying a device (e.g. a loaded antenna) as either operational or defective. Currently, the SURE process utilizes a specialized noise radar which is bulky, expensive and not easily supported. With current technology advancements, Software Defined Radios (SDRs) have become more compact, more readily available and significantly cheaper. The research here examines whether multiple SDRs can be integrated to replace the current specialized ultra-wideband noise radar used with the SURE process. The research specifically targets whether or not multiple SDR sub-band collections can be combined to form a wider …

Confidence Inference In Defensive Cyber Operator Decision Making, Graig S. Ganitano

Theses and Dissertations

Cyber defense analysts face the challenge of validating machine generated alerts regarding network-based security threats. Operations tempo and systematic manpower issues have increased the importance of these individual analyst decisions, since they typically are not reviewed or changed. Analysts may not always be confident in their decisions. If confidence can be accurately assessed, then analyst decisions made under low confidence can be independently reviewed and analysts can be offered decision assistance or additional training. This work investigates the utility of using neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of decision confidence to train machine learning models to infer confidence in analyst decisions. Electroencephalography …

Non-Contact Height Estimation For Material Extrusion Additive Systems Via Monocular Imagery, Andrew C. Gorospe

Theses and Dissertations

Additive manufacturing is a dynamic technology with a compelling potential to advance the manufacturing industry. Despite its capacity to produce intricate designs in an efficient manner, industry still has not widely adopted additive manufacturing since its commercialization as a result of its many challenges related to quality control. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Soft Matter Materials Branch (RXAS) requires a practical and reliable method for maintaining quality control for the production of printed flexible electronics. Height estimation is a crucial component for maintaining quality control in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM), as …

Preserving Privacy In Automotive Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems, Kenneth L. Hacker

Theses and Dissertations

The automotive industry is moving towards a more connected ecosystem, with connectivity achieved through multiple wireless systems. However, in the pursuit of these technological advances and to quickly satisfy requirements imposed on manufacturers, the security of these systems is often an afterthought. It has been shown that systems in a standard new automobile that one would not expect to be vulnerable can be exploited for a variety of harmful effects. This thesis considers a seemingly benign, but government mandated, safety feature of modern vehicles; the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). Typical implementations have no security-oriented features, leaking data that can …

Imitating Human Responses Via A Dual-Process Model Approach, Matthew A. Grimm

Theses and Dissertations

Human-autonomous system teaming is becoming more prevalent in the Air Force and in society. Often, the concept of a shared mental model is discussed as a means to enhance collaborative work arrangements between a human and an autonomous system. The idea being that when the models are aligned, the team is more productive due to an increase in trust, predictability, and apparent understanding. This research presents the Dual-Process Model using multivariate normal probability density functions (DPM-MN), which is a cognitive architecture algorithm based on the psychological dual-process theory. The dual-process theory proposes a bipartite decision-making process in people. It labels …