Computer Sciences Commons^™

F-Transform In View Of Aggregation Functions, Irina Perfilieva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

A relationship between the discrete F-transform and aggregation functions is analyzed. We show that the discrete F-transform (direct or inverse) can be associated with a set of linear aggregation functions that respect a fuzzy partition of a universe. On the other side, we discover conditions that should be added to a set of linear aggregation functions in order to obtain the discrete F-transform. Last but not least, the relationship between two analyzed notions is based on a new (generalized) definition of a fuzzy partition without the Ruspini condition.

Bayesian Approach For Inconsistent Information, M. Stein, Michael Beer, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In engineering situations, we usually have a large amount of prior knowledge that needs to be taken into account when processing data. Traditionally, the Bayesian approach is used to process data in the presence of prior knowledge. Sometimes, when we apply the traditional Bayesian techniques to engineering data, we get inconsistencies between the data and prior knowledge. These inconsistencies are usually caused by the fact that in the traditional approach, we assume that we know the {\it exact} sample values, that the prior distribution is {\it exactly} known, etc. In reality, the data is imprecise due to measurement errors, the …

From P-Boxes To P-Ellipsoids: Towards An Optimal Representation Of Imprecise Probabilities, Konstantin K. Semenov, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

One of the most widely used ways to represent a probability distribution is by describing its cumulative distribution function (cdf) F(x). In practice, we rarely know the exact values of F(x): for each x, we only know F(x) with uncertainty. In such situations, it is reasonable to describe, for each x, the interval [F(x)] of possible values of x. This representation of imprecise probabilities is known as a p-box; it is effectively used in many applications.

Similar interval bounds are possible for probability density function, for moments, etc. The problem is that when we transform from one of such representations …

Why Inverse F-Transform? A Compression-Based Explanation, Vladik Kreinovich, Irina Perlieva, Vilém Novák

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, e.g., in signal processing, image processing, analysis of temporal data, it is very useful to use fuzzy (F-) transforms. In an F-transform, we first replace a function x(t) by a few local averages (this is called forward F-transform), and then reconstruct the original function from these averages (this is called inverse F-transform). While the formula for the forward F-transform makes perfect intuitive sense, the formula for the inverse F-transform seems, at first glance, somewhat counter-intuitive. On the other hand, its empirical success shows that this formula must have a good justification. In this paper, we provide …

Relation Between Polling And Likert-Scale Approaches To Eliciting Membership Degrees Clarified By Quantum Computing, Renata Hax Sander Reiser, Adriano Maron, Lidiane Visintin, Ana Maria Abeijon, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In fuzzy logic, there are two main approaches to eliciting membership degrees: an approach based on polling experts, and a Likert-scale approach, in which we ask experts to indicate their degree of confidence on a scale -- e.g., on a scale form 0 to 10. Both approaches are reasonable, but they often lead to different membership degrees. In this paper, we analyze the relation between these two approaches, and we show that this relation can be made much clearer if we use models from quantum computing.

Aggregation Operations From Quantum Computing, Lidiane Visintin, Adriano Maron, Renata Reiser, Ana Maria Abeijon, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Computer systems based on fuzzy logic should be able to generate an output from the handling of inaccurate data input by applying a rule based system. The main contribution of this paper is to show that quantum computing can be used to extend the class of fuzzy sets. The central idea associates the states of a quantum register to membership functions (mFs) of fuzzy subsets, and the rules for the processes of fuzzyfication are performed by unitary qTs. This paper introduces an interpretation of aggregations obtained by classical fuzzy states, that is, by multi-dimensional quantum register associated to mFs on …

A Symmetry-Based Approach To Selecting Membership Functions And Its Relation To Chemical Kinetics, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva, Jorge Y. Cabrera, Mario Gutierrez, Thavatchai Ngamsantivong

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, we encounter physical quantities like time for which there is no fixed starting point for measurements: physical properties do not change if we simply change (shift) the starting point. To describe knowledge about such properties, it is desirable to select membership functions which are similarly shift-invariant. We show that while we cannot require that each membership function is shift-invariant, we can require that the linear space of all linear combinations of given membership functions is shift-invariant. We describe all such shift-invariant families of membership functions, and we show that they are naturally related to the corresponding …

Data Anonymization That Leads To The Most Accurate Estimates Of Statistical Characteristics, Gang Xiang, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

To preserve privacy, we divide the data space into boxes, and instead of original data points, only store the corresponding boxes. In accordance with the current practice, the desired level of privacy is established by having at least k different records in each box, for a given value k (the larger the value k, the higher the privacy level).

When we process the data, then the use of boxes instead of the original exact values leads to uncertainty. In this paper, we find the (asymptotically) optimal subdivision of data into boxes, a subdivision that provides, for a given statistical characteristic …

A Case Study Towards Verification Of The Utility Of Analytical Models In Selecting Checkpoint Intervals, Michael Joseph Harney

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

As high performance computing (HPC) systems grow larger, with increasing numbers of components, failures become more common. Codes that utilize large numbers of nodes and run for long periods of time must take such failures into account and adopt fault tolerance mechanisms to avoid loss of computation and, thus, system utilization. One of those mechanisms is checkpoint/restart. Although analytical models exist to guide users in the selection of an appropriate checkpoint interval, these models are based on assumptions that may not always be true. This thesis examines some of these assumptions, in particular, the consistency of parameters like Mean Time …

Software Development For A 3d Gravity Inversion And Application To Study Of The Border Ranges Fault System, South-Central Alaska, Rolando Cardenas

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The Border Ranges Fault System (BRFS) bounds the Cook Inlet and Susitna Basins, and is an important petroleum province within south-central Alaska. A primary goal of our research is to test several plausible models of structure along the BRFS using a novel three-dimensional inversion technique utilizing gravity data, constrained with other geophysical, borehole and surface geological information. This research involves the development of 3D inversion modeling software using C++ Builder from Embarcadero's XE2 Suite. The novel inversion approach directly models known geology with a priori uncertainties assigned to the geologic model to allow researchers to compare alternative interpretations. This technique …

Automatic Memory Management Policies For Low Power, Memory Limited, And Delay Intolerant Devices, Md Abu Jahid

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are energy and memory limited, and implement graphical user interfaces that are intolerant of computational delays. Mobile device platforms supporting apps implemented in languages that require automatic memory man- agement, such as the Dalvik (Java) virtual machine within Google's Android, have become dominant. It is essential that automatic memory management avoid causing unacceptable interface delays while responsibly managing energy and memory resource usage. Dalvik's automatic memory management policies for heap growth and garbage collection scheduling utilize heuristics tuned to minimize memory footprint. These policies result in only marginally acceptable response times and garbage …

Using Emotion As Inferred From Prosody In Language Modeling, Shreyas Ashok Karkhedkar

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Research has focused on using prosody as an alternative source of information for language modeling. However, prosody is a surface phenomenon and to develop deeper models of language production, the underlying mental processes need to be considered. There are several cognitive factors, such as dialog-states and formulation, that have been given attention. However, emotion { as a cognitive factor, has been neglected so far. Speakers' emotional state plays an important role in spoken dialog. Participants seem to infer each others emotional state from multiple cues and react accordingly. In particular, these states manifest themselves moment-by-moment in the speakers voice. This …

Model Fusion: A New Approach To Processing Heterogeneous Data, Omar Ochoa

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In many practical situations, it is necessary to extract

information from data of different types. For example, in geosciences, several sources of data can be used to determine the interior structure of the earth: the first arriving waves from earthquakes and from man-made sources, measurements of the earth's gravity field, measurements of the dispersion of surface waves generated by earthquakes, etc. At present, most existing data processing techniques deal only with data of one type.

A joint use of all the information derived from multiple types of data sources is an important theoretical and practical challenge. Such a joint use …

Strong Coupled Quark Matter And Drawbacks Of Its Bcs-Bec Crossover, Israel Portillo Vazquez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

It was found many years ago, that the ground state wave functions of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieer (BCS) superconductivity in a degenerate Fermi gas and the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of composite molecules are essentially the same, and those two states can be smoothly connected through a crossover. This BCS-BEC crossover has being recently extended to relativistic Fermi System. This thesis is dedicated to exploring the possible crossover from BEC to BCS phase on strong-interacting matter and its implications for the system Equation of State. The study will be concentrated on dierent phases of dense quark-matter for vanishing temperatures and densities beyond hadronic …

Extracting Fuzzy Measures From Sample Data: Optimization Algorithms And Applications, Xiaojing Wang

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), decisions are based on several criteria that are usually conflicting and non-homogenously satisfied. We use non-additive (fuzzy) measures combined with the Choquet integral to solve MCDM problems, for they allow to model and aggregate the levels of satisfaction of the several criteria of the problem at hand by considering the relationship between these criteria. In practice, it is difficult to identify such fuzzy measures. An automated process is then necessary and can be used when sample data is available. Several optimization approaches have been used to extract fuzzy measures from sample data, for example, genetic …

Utilizing Cyber Espionage To Combat Terrorism, Gary Adkins

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The world has effectively exited the Industrial Age and is firmly planted in the Information Age. Global communication at the speed of light has been a great asset to both businesses and private citizens. However, there is a dark side to the age we live in, where terrorist groups are able to communicate, plan, fund, recruit, and spread their message to the world. The relative anonymity the internet provides hinders law enforcement and security agencies in not only locating would-be terrorists but also in disrupting their operations. The internet is a loosely knit group of computers and routers and is …

Upgrades To Nrlmol Code, Luis Basurto

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This project consists of performing upgrades to the massively parallel NRLMOL electronic structure code in order to enhance its performance by increasing its flexibility by: a) Utilizing dynamically allocated arrays, b) Executing in a parallel environment sections of the program that were previously executed in a serial mode, c) Exploring simultaneous concurrent executions of the program through the use of an already existing MPI environment; thus enabling the simulation of larger systems than it is currently capable of performing. Also developed was a graphical user interface that will allow less experienced users to start performing electronic structure calculations by aiding …

A Semantic Web-Based Methodology For Describing Scientific Research Efforts, Aida Gandara

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Scientists produce research resources that are useful to future research and innovative efforts. In a typical scientific scenario, the results created by a collaborative team often include numerous artifacts, observations and relationships relevant to research findings, such as programs that generate data, parameters that impact outputs, workflows that describe processes, and publications, posters and presentations that explain results and findings. Scientists have options in what results to share and how to share them, however, there is no systematic approach to documenting scientific research and sharing it on the Web.

The goal of this research is to define a systematic approach …

Toward New Data And Information Management Solutions For Data-Intensive Ecological Research, Christine Marie Laney

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Ecosystem health is deteriorating in many parts of the world due to direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures. Generating accurate, useful, and impactful models of past, current, and future states of ecosystem structure and function is a complex endeavor that often requires vast amounts of data from multiple sources and knowledge from collaborating researchers. Ecological data collection has improved rapidly over the past few decades due to the development, innovation, and large scale deployment of automated sensors, which are capable of measuring a gamut of ecosystem properties over broad spatiotemporal scales. Although complex ecosystem models and analyses are increasingly parameterized with …

Efficient, Scalable, Parallel, Matrix-Matrix Multiplication, Enrique Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

For the past decade, power/energy consumption has become a limiting factor for large-scale and embedded High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. This is especially true for systems that include accelerators, e.g., high-end computing devices, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), with terascale computing capabilities and high power draws that greatly surpass that of multi-core CPUs. Accordingly, improving the node-level power/energy efficiency of an application can have a direct and positive impact on both classes of HPC systems.

The research reported in this thesis explores the use of software techniques to enhance the execution-time and power-consumption performance of applications executed on a …

Propagation Of Interval And Probabilistic Uncertainty In Cyberinfrastructure-Related Data Processing And Data Fusion, Christian Servin

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Data uncertainty affects the results of data processing. So, it is necessary to find out how the data uncertainty propagates into the uncertainty of the results of data processing. This problem is especially important when cyberinfrastructure enables us to process large amounts of heterogeneous data. In the ideal world, we should have an accurate description of data uncertainty, and well-justified efficient algorithms to propagate this uncertainty. In practice, we are often not yet in this ideal situation: the description of uncertainty is often only approximate, and the algorithms for uncertainty propagation are often not well-justified and not very computationally efficient. …

Cjc: An Extensible Checker For The Cleanjava Annotation Language, Cesar Eduardo Yeep

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Formal program verification can be used as a complementary technique to software testing. It allows checking the correctness of all the states of a program which may be impossible using only software testing as a verification technique. One software development process that relies on formal verification is Cleanroom Software Engineering. Cleanroom's main principles are to certify the software with respect to its specification and to produce zero-fault or near-zero-fault software. Cleanroom has being tested primarily in safety-critical systems that require a high level of correctness by development teams in places such as NASA and IBM, demonstrating lower fault rates and …

Improved Efficiency Of Rna Secondary Structure Prediction Using Distributed Computing, Gerardo A. Cardenas

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The rapidly growing amounts of available biomolecular sequence data, which may represent information from small gene fragments to large complete genomes, have led to the a great need for powerful computational resources for data analysis and storage. With the decoding of the human and other genomes, RNA secondary structure prediction has become an important area of interest in biology and medicine because they help in understanding the mechanisms of many biological processes such as gene regulation and viral replication, and in designing RNA-based therapies to treat various diseases. Due to the complexity of their algorithms, many existing and upcoming computational …

A Declarative Domain Independent Approach For Querying And Generating Visualizations, Nicholas Ricky Del Rio

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Constructing visualizations using modular visualization environments (MVEs) requires knowledge about visualization transformation theory as well as implementation specific details about how to programmatically chain together relevant sets of modules into pipe and filter-like architectures known as pipelines. Constructing visualization pipelines introduces a number of challenges including: understanding how to transform raw data into forms that can be ingested by MVEs, identifying target modules that map data into graphical data, and understanding how to further transform resulting graphical data into forms that can be presented. Users typically must immerse themselves in a deluge of documentation and usage examples before becoming proficient …

Security Games With Interval Uncertainty, Md Towhidul Islam

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Game theory has become an important tool in solving real-life decision making problems. Security games use the concept of game theory in adversarial scenarios to protect critical infrastructure. The main purpose of security games is to allocate security resources among various targets and maximize payoff for the defender considering various kinds of attackers. It is hard for domain experts to predict the attacker's behavior, so one of the major challenges in describing this game model is representing uncertainty about the attacker's payoff. Several approaches have been developed to generate these game models based on uncertainty, such as Bayesian games. However …

A Convex Optimization Algorithm For Sparse Representation And Applications In Classification Problems, Reinaldo Sanchez Arias

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In pattern recognition and machine learning, a classification problem refers to finding an algorithm for assigning a given input data into one of several categories. Many natural signals are sparse or compressible in the sense that they have short representations when expressed in a suitable basis. Motivated by the recent successful development of algorithms for sparse signal recovery, we apply the selective nature of sparse representation to perform classification. Any test sample is represented in an overcomplete dictionary with the training sample as base elements. A given test sample can be expressed as a linear combination of only those training …

Metrological Self-Assurance Of Data Processing Software, Vladik Kreinovich, Leonid Reznik, Konstantin K. Semenov, Gennady N. Solopchenko

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The metrological self-assurance for data processing software is discussed. The way to achieve this property for software is presented.

F-Transform In View Of Trend Extraction, Irina Perfilieva, Vladik Kreinovich, Vilém Novák

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In the analysis of time series, it is important to decompose the original values into trend, cycle, seasonal component, and noise. In this paper, we provide a theoretical justification of the fact that the F-transform can be used for this purpose. We formulate "natural" requirements on the trend extraction procedure and then show that the inverse F-transform fulfils all of them.

Zadeh's Vision Of Going From Fuzzy To Computing With Words: From The Idea's Origin To Current Successes To Remaining Challenges, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Thirty-Two Sample Audio Search Tasks, Nigel G. Ward, Steven D. Werner

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Searching in audio archives is potentially very useful, and good evaluations can guide development to realize that promise. However most current evaluation programs are technology-centric, rather than user-oriented and task-centric. This paper examines current and potential audio search needs and scenarios, and presents a sample set of thirty-two diverse audio search tasks to support more realistic evaluations.