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Articles 1171 - 1174 of 1174
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
Why Don't People Read The Manual?, David Novick, Karen Ward
Why Don't People Read The Manual?, David Novick, Karen Ward
Selected Works Temporary Series
Few users of computer applications seek help from the documentation. This paper reports the results of an empirical study of why this is so and examines how, in real work, users solve their usability problems. Based on in-depth interviews with 25 subjects representing a varied cross-section of users, we find that users do avoid using both paper and online help systems. Few users have paper manuals for the most heavily used applications, but none complained about their lack. Online help is more likely to be consulted than paper manuals, but users are equally likely to report that they solve their …
Co-Generation Of Text And Graphics, David Novick, Brian Lowe
Co-Generation Of Text And Graphics, David Novick, Brian Lowe
Selected Works Temporary Series
content in documentation, it is possible to produce both text and graphics from a single common source. One approach to co-generation of text and graphics uses a single logical specification; a second approach starts with CAD-based representation and produces a corresponding textual account. This paper explores these two different approaches, reports the results of using prototypes embodying the approaches to represent simple figures, and discusses issues that were identified through use of the prototypes. While it appears feasible to co-generate text and graphics automatically, the process raises deep issues of design of communications, including the intent of the producer of …
Usability Over Time, Valerie Mendoza, David Novick
Usability Over Time, Valerie Mendoza, David Novick
Selected Works Temporary Series
Testing of usability could perhaps be more accurately described as testing of learnability. We know more about the problems of novice users than we know of the problems of experienced users. To understand how these problems differ, and to understand how usability problems change as users change from novice to experienced, we conducted a longitudinal study of usability among middle-school teachers creating Web sites. The study looked at the use both the use of documentation and the underlying software, tracking the causes and extent of user frustration over eight weeks. We validated a categorization scheme for frustration episodes. We found …
Root Causes Of Lost Time And User Stress In A Simple Dialog System, Nigel Ward, Anais Rivera, Karen Ward, David Novick
Root Causes Of Lost Time And User Stress In A Simple Dialog System, Nigel Ward, Anais Rivera, Karen Ward, David Novick
Selected Works Temporary Series
As a priority-setting exercise, we compared interactions between users and a simple spoken dialog system to interactions between users and a human operator. We observed usability events, places in which system behavior differed from human behavior, and for each we noted the impact, root causes, and prospects for improvement. We suggest some priority issues for research, involving not only such core areas as speech recognition and synthesis and language understanding and generation, but also less-studied topics such as adaptive or flexible timeouts, turn-taking and speaking rate.