Polymer Chemistry Commons^™

Valorization Of Biopolymers And Biomass To Produce Materials For A More Circular Economy, Moira Lauer

All Dissertations

With a globally increasing population and largely unchecked consumption of raw materials, human society is on track for devastating consequences. Two industries responsible for utilizing massive amounts of raw materials and generating equally gargantuan quantities of waste are the packaging and infrastructure sectors. In 2017 in Europe, for example, packaging reached a record 173 kg of packaging waste per capita. One of the largest packaging consumers is the food industry, in which 40% of packaging is made of petroleum-derived single-use plastic, leading to a massive carbon imbalance. “The Built Environment,” on the other hand, is responsible for about 50% of …

Synthesis And Molecular Processes Governing Self-Healing Polymeric Materials, Siyang Wang

All Dissertations

Self-healing polymers capable of recovering from physical damages are promising materials for advanced technologies. In these studies, we developed routes to achieve self-healable properties in acrylic-based copolymers that rely on non-covalent dipolar interactions present in essentially all polymeric materials. Using a combination of spectroscopic tools, thermo-mechanical analysis, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, these studies have shown that dipolar interactions lead to conformational changes of macromolecular segments which, in turn, result in self-healing without external intervention. This dissertation also describes the development of novel self-healable acrylic-based covalent adaptable networks (CANs) that combine reprocessing and self-healing properties. The utilization of dipolar interactions …

Synthesis And Study Of Unsymmetrical Bidentate Bis(Phosphino)Pyrrole Ligands And Their Transition Metal Complexes, Julia F. Vidlak

Honors Theses

Our laboratory has reported the synthesis and characterization of a broad library of unsymmetrical bidentate bis(phosphino)pyrrole (BPP) ancillary ligands for use in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The electronic and steric properties of nickel complexes bearing these ligands are examined, and our data support the hypothesis that these ligands produce nickel complexes with electron-deficient metal centers. The syntheses of (BPP)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl precatalysts for utilization in nickel-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig Amination are described, and preliminary reactivity studies reveal that (BPP)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl precatalysts are effective in promoting C–N cross-coupling reactions. Finally, we report steric measurements and electronic properties obtained from computed (BPP)NiCl2 and (BPP)Ni(CO)2 complexes, respectively. Additional reactivity …

Hydrolytically Degradable Thermosets With Tunable Degradation Profiles Via Ketal-Based Crosslinks, Benjamin Alameda

Dissertations

Thermoset polymer networks are ubiquitous in the construction of high-performance materials due to their excellent mechanical properties, solvent resistance, and thermomechanical performance. However, the crosslinked structure that instills these materials with favorable performance also makes them incredibly resistant to degradation and are nearly impossible to recycle – adding to the ever-growing problem of plastic pollution. Hydrolytically degradable thermosets have emerged as a potentially sustainable alternative to traditional thermosets by affording networks that are inherently degradable in aqueous environments. This dissertation focuses on the development of hydrolytically degradable thermoset networks with tunable degradation behavior through the implementation of ketal-based crosslinks. Given …

Simplified Synthesis Of Conjugated Polymers Enabled Via 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-B]Pyrrole, Kenneth-John Jack Bell

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

Conjugated polymers have attracted significant attention as the active layer material in organic electronics, such as organic photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes, partly due to the ability to influence a broad range of properties through structural design motifs. However, high performance conjugated polymers suffer from numerous synthetic steps, generation of toxic waste, and harsh reaction conditions all of which impart additional costs that inhibit their widespread utilization. Therefore, an emphasis on reducing synthetic complexity and utilizing abundant, commercially available starting materials is needed for organic electronics to reach their full potential. Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (H₂DPP) chromophores offer a simple one-pot synthesis …

Binary Transition Metal Oxides@Reduced Graphene Oxide@Polyaniline As Bifunctional Electrode Materials For Energy Conversion And Storage, Jonghyun Choi

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

The world’s increasing consumption of energy has led researchers to focus on research and development for high performance-energy devices. Development of materials used in energy devices is currently focused on improving the performance and stability of devices. Composite materials are well known as an effective way to improve the performance of an energy device. A composite is a combination of two or more materials with different properties, and such combinations can be of great help in advancing the performance of a composite material by adding the advantages or compensating for the disadvantages of each material.

In this study, ternary composite …

The Analysis Of Microplastics Found In The Flowers Of Rhode Island, Hailey Hendricks, Matthew Kiesewetter

Senior Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Towards Semiconductor Nanorods With Nickel/Iron Cocatalyst., Kehinde Ayorinde

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The adverse effects associated with the utilization of fossil fuels has led to the need to provide an alternative cleaner energy. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction via water splitting provides a renewable pathway to generating energy. Our photocatalyst system includes a semiconductor component (CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods) to capture light and an attached metal (cocatalyst) for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Platinum is an effective metal catalyst for this reaction due to strong proton binding energy that easily facilitates the reduction of water to produce hydrogen gas. However, due to the high cost of platinum, there is a need to find a less …

1st Place Contest Entry: Designing Hollow Nanogels For Drug Delivery Applications, Mo Hijazi

Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize

This is Mo Hijazi's submission for the 2022 Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize, which won first place. It contains their essay on using library resources, their bibliography, and a summary of their research project on hollow-core nanogels.

Mo is a second-year student at Chapman University, majoring in Biological Sciences. Their faculty mentor is Dr. Molla Islam.

Block Copolymer Directed Self-Assembly: Exploring The Efficacy Of Applications In Semiconductor Fabrication, Jakin Bryce Delony

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the course of the past 80 years, semiconductor devices have become increasingly ubiquitous in everyday life.From constructing mainframes that encompassed entire rooms during the 1940s, to inventing personal computers in the 1980s, to developing progressively faster smartphones and wearable technology in the 2010s, the primary driving force behind the Digital Revolution has been increasing transistor counts, and thus computing power, via incremental improvements in optical lithography. In 1965, Intel co-founder Gordon Moore boldly predicted that the transistor density of semiconductor devices would double approximately every 18-24 months. While this prediction -- now colloquially referred to as Moore's Law -- …

Synthesis Of Thiol-Acrylate Hydrogels For 3d Cell Culture And Microfluidic Applications, Anowar Hossain Khan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Globally cell culture is an $18.98 billion industry as of 2020, with an 11.6 percent annual growth rate. Drug discovery has an estimated worth of $69.8 billion in 2020 and is predicted to grow to $110.4 billion by 2025. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture of cancer cells is one of the rapidly growing felids since it better recapitulates in vivo conditions compared to two-dimensional (2D) models. However, it is challenging to grow 3D tumor spheroids outside the body, and some of the existing technology can generate these spheroids outside the human body but poorly mimic in vivo tumor models. Therefore, there …

Application Of Gellan Gum Biopolymer In Biomedical Applications: A Review, Norsyakirah Izzati Hishamuddin, Mohd Hasmizam Razali, Khairul Anuar Mat Amin

Makara Journal of Science

Gellan gum (GG) has gained considerable attention in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its functional characteristics. It has versatile properties, such as water solubility, easy bio-fabrication, good film/hydrogel-formation, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. These properties render GG a promising material in biomedical applications, specifically in the development of wound dressing materials. In this review, the use of GG biopolymer as a wound dressing material was discussed. Various fillers, such as titanium dioxides, clay, drug, and honey, have been incorporated in GG to produce film, hydrogel, or scaffold materials. The effects of filler on the mechanical performance, physical properties, antibacterial …

Kinetics, Characterization, And Applications In The Development Of Next-Generation Cure-On-Demand Polymeric Materials Through Frontal Polymerization, Daniel Paul Gary

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a process in which a front propagates in a localized reaction zone converting monomer into polymer. This work explored the kinetics and applications of FP for the development of cure-on-demand materials.

The kinetic effects of fillers on frontal polymerization have not been thoroughly explored. In Chapter 2, various fillers were used, and their effects on front velocity and front temperature were determined. Clay minerals are primarily used, but the thermal conductive effects of milled carbon fiber were also explored. It was found that some fillers inhibit frontal polymerization through radical scavenging, while others increased the front …

4,6-O-Phenylethylidene Acetal Protected D-Glucosamine Carbamate-Based Gelators And Their Applications For Multi-Component Gels, Pooja Sharma, Guijun Wang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The self-assembly of carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators has led to useful advanced soft materials. The interactions of the gelators with various cations and anions are important in creating novel molecular architectures and expanding the scope of the small molecular gelators. In this study, a series of thirteen new C-2 carbamates of the 4,6-O-phenylethylidene acetalprotected D-glucosamine derivatives has been synthesized and characterized. These compounds are rationally designed from a common sugar template. All carbamates synthesized were found to be efficient gelators and three compounds are also hydrogelators. The resulting gels were characterized using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, …

Directly Polymerizable Co Releasing Molecules, Jackson Snow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the commonly held consensus that carbon monoxide (CO) is toxic, it has been shown to be an essential signaling molecule in the human neuronal system and has been noted to have anti-inflammatory properties, act as a vasodilator, have anti-proliferative impacts on tumors, and many other beneficial effects. The current limitation to using CO as a therapeutic molecule is delivering the proper dosages using CO releasing molecules (CORMs) without exhibiting toxicity. The first chapter of this thesis will review the biological significance of CO in biological systems, the limitations of existing CORMs, and the properties of diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) that make …

Characterization Of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes And Polystyrene/Cnt Composites Prepared With Microwave-Induced Polymerization, Allen Hulette

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The use of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites can increase the mechanical properties of the resulting product. Carbon nanotubes are known to have chemical interactions that make them attracted to one another and fall out of solution. To reduce this agglomeration and disperse the mechanical properties throughout the composite, functional groups are covalently added to the carbon nanotubes. Another known property of carbon nanotubes is their ability to absorb microwaves and convert it into other forms of energy. This research investigates the effects of carbon nanotube absorption of microwaves and initiation of styrene monomer polymerization. Grignard reactions are used to …

Synthesis Of Functional Chalcone Library For Use In Aza- Dipyrromethene Dye Systems, Kendal Crawley

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Over the past decade, Aza-Bodipy dyes (ADPs), a derivative of the extensively studied BF₂-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), have become a growing field of research due to their unique photophysical properties, high yielding synthesis, and relative stability. They possess a unique spectral window of 600 to 750 nm which is the red to near-IR region, evidenced by the blue color of many of these dyes. Increasing interest in these dyes is due to this near-IR window which is important for many applications.^1-4 ADP chromophores also have a common core motif to that of phthalocyanines which allow for coordination at their …

Catalytic Hydrotreating Of Palm Oil Over Ni/Mesoporous Zeolite For Bio-Jet Fuel Production, Nipitpon Panarmasar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The production of bio-jet fuel from palm oil using different types of Ni/mesoporous zeolite. The conventional zeolites were modified into mesoporous zeolites by desilication with NaOH and micro-mesoporous post-synthesis method with SBA-15. Supported Ni-catalysts on zeolites were prepared using a wet impregnation method with a 10 wt% Ni loading. The experiments were conducted in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The reaction temperature significantly influenced palm oil conversion and the selectivity of jet-fuel range products. The Ni/USY exhibited the highest liquid and jet range selectivity at a temperature of 425°C and a pressure of 25 bar. Furthermore, the modified-support catalyst, 10 wt% …

3d Printable Polymer Electrolyte Hydrogel For Zinc-Ion Battery, Nantachporn Jirawatanaporn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The increasing use of electronic wearable devices for diverse applications leads to demand for new energy storage, especially flexibility and wearable design. Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are significant potential energy storage for such applications. However, the lack of stable and durable electrolytes for flexible ZIBs significantly limits their applications. Gel polymer electrolytes can challenge these limitations; however, it offers low ionic conductivity compared to conventional liquid electrolytes. Increasing porosity is one of the proposing approaches to improve the ion mobility interconnects pathway. The 3D printing process is a versatile technology that can be applied to gel-like polymers. This research aims to …

Hydrogen Production By Steam Reforming Of Bioethanol And Fusel Oil Over Ni/Zsm-5 Nanosheet And Ni/Sic, Porapak Suriya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this research, hydrogen production is performed by steam reforming of bio-alcohol over Ni-based catalysts. First section of the study, Ni/SiC catalyst was synthesized and used in steam reforming of fusel oil (FSR). The SiC support was prepared by pyrolysis of rice husk at 1500 °C to obtain β-SiC phase, which benefit to reduce the carbon formation due to its good thermal conductivity and durability. The Ni/SiC1500 indicated 90% of fusel oil gas conversion and 29% of hydrogen yield during a 300 min of steam reforming of fusel oil at 700 °C, hence presenting a good performance, and remaining stable …

Photopolymers : Environmentally Benign Technology For A Variety Of Industries, Tatyana Tarasevich

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Photopolymerization is a well-known process with applications in a variety of industries. Photopolymers are formed by a reaction of monomers or oligomers, photoinitiators and in some cases crosslinkers. Upon irradiation with UV or visible light, monomers undergo conformational change to form polymers via a photochemical process. Several photopolymerization types will be discussed in this thesis. End products of photopolymerizations included epoxies, inks, coatings, photoresists, etc.

ผลของนาโนแคลเซียมคาร์บอเนตต่อสมบัติของคอมพอสิตยางธรรมชาติที่พลาสติไซส์ด้วยน้ำมันพืช, กนกภรณ์ เลิศกาญจนาพร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อปรับปรุงสมบัติของยางธรรมชาติเพื่อนำไปใช้ในผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ไม่ต้องการสีดำ โดยการเสริมแรงด้วยตัวเติมเสริมแรงทดแทนผงเขม่าดำ ได้แก่ แคลเซียมคาร์บอเนตแบบดั้งเดิม (PCC) และ นาโนแคลเซียมคาร์บอเนต (NCC) ที่มีการควบคุมขนาดและรูปร่างอนุภาค นอกจากนี้ยังต้องการทดแทนพลาสติไซเซอร์จากน้ำมันแร่ (MO) ด้วยน้ำมันรำข้าว (RBO) เริ่มจากผสมยางคอมพาวนด์ที่มีการแปรสัดส่วนของ PCC ที่ 0 10 20 30 40 และ 50 phr เปรียบเทียบพลาสติไซเซอร์น้ำมัน MO กับ น้ำมัน RBO ที่สัดส่วนคงที่ 5 phr ร่วมกับสารเคมีอื่นที่จำเป็นสำหรับการคงรูป ขึ้นรูปเป็นชิ้นงานด้วยการคงรูปที่อุณหภูมิ 160 องศาเซลเซียส จากผลการทดลองพบว่าPCC ที่พลาสติไซส์ด้วยน้ำมัน RBO ให้สมบัติทางกายภาพ สมบัติเชิงกล รวมถึงสัณฐานวิทยาที่ใกล้เคียงกับน้ำมัน MO ดังนั้นน้ำมัน RBO สามารถเป็นพลาสติไซเซอร์แทนน้ำมัน MO ได้ จากนั้นผสมยางคอมพาวนด์ที่มีการแปรสัดส่วนของ NCC ที่ 0 20 40 50 60 และ 80 phr และน้ำมัน RBO ที่สัดส่วนคงที่ 5 phr ร่วมกับสารเคมีอื่นที่จำเป็นสำหรับการคงรูป ขึ้นรูปเป็นชิ้นงานด้วยการคงรูปที่อุณหภูมิ 160 องศาเซลเซียส จากผลการทดลองพบว่าเมื่อเพิ่มปริมาณ NCC ส่งผลให้ปฏิกิริยาการวัลคาไนเซชันของคอมพอสิตยางธรรมชาติเกิดได้เร็วขึ้น เวลายางสกอร์ช (Ts2) และ เวลายางสุก (Tc90) มีแนวโน้มลดลง เนื่องจาก NCC มีอนุภาคขนาดเล็ก พื้นที่ผิวมาก นำความร้อนได้ดี และสามารถกระจายตัวในยางได้สม่ำเสมอ สำหรับสมบัติเชิงกลในด้านแรงดึงพบว่าสัดส่วน NCC ที่เหมาะสมคือ 50 phr มีค่าความทนแรงดึง 27.0 MPa อย่างไรก็ตามเมื่อสัดส่วนของตัวเติมเพิ่มเป็น 60 phr ขึ้นไป ตัวเติมเสริมแรงเริ่มเกาะกลุ่มกันเป็นก้อนส่งผลให้ความทนแรงดึงเริ่มลดลง จากภาพสัณฐานวิทยาพบว่า NCC มีการกระจายตัวในเนื้อยางสม่ำเสมอ ไม่เกิดช่องว่างระหว่างสารตัวเติมกับเนื้อยาง …

Molecular Engineering Of Self-Immolative Polymers As Chemically Responsive Temporary Adhesives For Protective Garments, Hana J. Yarbrough

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

The long-term goal of this thesis is to design novel chemical protective garments that both shield and sense for chemical warfare agents. The overarching hypothesis of this work is that joining textiles with a chemically responsive temporary adhesive will reduce the permeability of and detect hazardous analytes across fabric boundaries. Work towards achieving this goal and testing this hypothesis is separated into two chapters. The first chapter reports the development of a self-immolative polymer, poly(phthalaldehyde), into a stimuli-responsive temporary adhesive. Developing poly(phthalaldehyde) as a robust adhesive that rapidly releases substrates would be a significant and novel contribution to the fields …

Reinforcement Of Elastomers By Reactive Ionic Surfactant, Nicole Vickerman

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Elastomers without cross-linking agents or fillers do not have the necessary properties for practical applications in the rubber industry. Elastomers must be reinforced with fillers and/or cross-linking agents to achieve the needs of physical and mechanical properties for commercial products. Sodium octyl 6-mercaptohexyl phosphate (SOMP) and sodium ethyl (6-mercaptohexyl) phosphate (SEMP) were used to investigate the influence of a reactive ionic surfactant and its influence on the physical properties of peroxide crosslinked styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). SEMP and SOMP were both found to be able to be grafted successfully on to the SBR chains within the rubber using extraction testing …

Theoretical Investigation On Optical Properties Of 2d Materials And Mechanical Properties Of Polymer Composites At Molecular Level, Geeta Sachdeva

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The field of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provides a new platform for studying diverse physical phenomena that are scientifically interesting and relevant for technological applications. Theoretical predictions from atomically resolved computational simulations of 2D materials play a pivotal role in designing and advancing these developments. The focus of this thesis is 2D materials especially graphene and BN studied using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the first half of the thesis, the electronic structure and optical properties are discussed for graphene, antimonene, and borophene. It is found that the absorbance in (atomically flat) multilayer antimonene (group …

การผลิตวานิลลินจากเคอร์คูมินอยด์ในขมิ้นชันโดยโอโซโนไลซิส, ภัทรวดี รุ่งศรีทอง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในปัจจุบันการสังเคราะห์วานิลลินใช้วัตถุดิบตั้งต้นจากอุตสาหกรรมปิโตรเลียม ซึ่งวานิลลินสังเคราะห์นี้ ใช้สำหรับเป็นสารแต่งกลิ่นวานิลลากันอย่างแพร่หลายในอุตสาหกรรมอาหาร อย่างไรก็ตาม การใช้วัตถุดิบตั้งต้นที่สามารถเกิดขึ้นใหม่ได้ตามธรรมชาตินั้น เป็นแนวทางที่มีความยั่งยืนมากกว่า ตามหลักการไบโอรีไฟเนอรี ในงานวิจัยนี้ ผู้วิจัยสนใจศึกษาการผลิตวานิลลินด้วยปฏิกิริยาโอโซโนไลซิส โดยใช้เคอร์คูมินอยด์ที่อยู่ในขมิ้นชันเป็นวัตถุดิบตั้งต้น ขมิ้นชันเป็นพืชสมุนไพรที่ปลูกมากในประเทศไทยและประเทศในแถบเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ ซึ่งเคอร์คูมินอยด์นั้นจะประกอบไปด้วย เคอร์คูมิน (curcumin), ดีเมทอกซีเคอร์คูมิน (demethoxycurcumin), และบิสดีเมทอกซีเคอร์คูมิน (bisdemethoxycurcumin) ผู้วิจัยเริ่มจากการสกัดเคอร์คูมินอยด์จากขมิ้นชันผงน้ำหนักประมาณ 45 กรัม ด้วยเทคนิคซอกเลท (Soxhlet extraction) โดยใช้เฮกเซนในการกำจัดน้ำมันหอมระเหยในขมิ้นชัน จากนั้นใช้เมทานอลสำหรับสกัดเคอร์คูมินอยด์ และได้ของผสมเคอร์คูมินอยด์ปริมาณ 9.2% (โดยน้ำหนัก) จากการวิเคราะห์เคอร์คูมินอยด์ที่สกัดได้ด้วยเทคนิคโครมาโทกราฟีของเหลวสมรรถนะสูง (high-perfomance liquid chromatography) พบว่าประกอบไปด้วย เคอร์คูมิน ดีเมทอกซีเคอร์คูมิน และบิสดีเมทอกซีเคอร์คูมิน ในปริมาณ 46%, 22%, และ 32% ตามลำดับ นำของผสมเคอร์คูมินอยด์ดังกล่าวมาทำปฏิกิริยาโอโซโนไลซิสในตัวทำละลายเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 0 องศาเซลเซียสและรีดิวซ์ด้วยไดเมทิลซัลไฟด์ (dimethyl sulfide) ได้ผลิตภัณฑ์เป็นของผสมระหว่างวานิลลินและ 4-ไฮดรอกซีเบนซาลดีไฮด์ (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) ทำบริสุทธิ์ของผสมที่ได้ด้วยเทคนิคคอลัมน์โครมาโทกราฟี โดยใช้ซิลิกาเจลเป็นวัฏภาคนิ่งและใช้ตัวทำละลายผสมไดคลอโรเมเทน/เมทานอล/กรดแอซีติก (98.5:1.0:0.5 โดยปริมาตร) เป็นวัฏภาคเคลื่อนที่ สามารถแยกสารบริสุทธิ์วานิลลิน 63% และ 4-ไฮดรอกซีเบนซาลดีไฮด์ 97% ผู้วิจัยยังได้ศึกษาการตกผลึกเพื่อเป็นทางเลือกสำหรับการทำบริสุทธิ์ต้นทุนต่ำสำหรับของผสมหลังผ่านปฏิกิริยาโอโซโนไลซิส พบว่าสามารถตกผลึก 4-ไฮดรอกซีเบนซาลดีไฮด์ให้บริสุทธิ์ในปริมาณ 62% ด้วยตัวทำละลายผสมคลอโรฟอร์ม/เฮกเซน (1:1 โดยปริมาตร) อย่างไรก็ตาม ยังมีวานิลลินและ 4-ไฮดรอกซีเบนซาลดีไฮด์ เหลืออยู่ในสารละลายหลังตกผลึก (mother liquor) ในปริมาณ 58% และ 32% ตามลำดับ โดยสรุปผู้วิจัยประสบความสำเร็จในการผลิตวานิลลินและ 4-ไฮดรอกซีเบนซาลดีไฮด์จากขมิ้นชันซึ่งเป็นวัตถุดิบตั้งต้นที่สามารถเกิดขึ้นใหม่ได้ ผ่านปฏิกิริยาโอโซโนไลซิส นับเป็นแนวทางเพิ่มมูลค่าพืชสมุนไพรราคาถูกให้เป็นสารเคมีที่มีมูลค่าสูงขึ้นตามหลักการไบโอรีไฟเนอรี

Synthesis Of Rna Nucleotides Under Probable Prebiotic Conditions, Ryan Stimson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

RNA being composed of multiple covalently linked nucleotides is thought to have been a precursor to life circa 4.3-3.8 billion years ago. Non-enzymatically formed adenosine monophosphate (AMP), more specifically, is a vitally important subtopic of the self-assembly of the first RNA sequence. The goal of this study was to synthesize AMP non-enzymatically under benign conditions that are likely to have existed on early Earth. In this experiment, 3’,5’-cAMP was successfully formed using wet-dry cycles at 80°C paired with the minerals zeolite beta, hydroxyapatite, and aerosil 300 in the presence of adenosine, urea, and pyrophosphate. A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer was …

Valorization Of Furfural To Fuel Additives By Aluminophosphate And Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts, Janejira Ratthiwal

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this research, aluminophosphate (APAl) catalysts and metal oxide catalysts from calcined metal-organic frameworks (C-MOFs) were successfully synthesized. APAl-A catalysts were obtained from the FQM-383 laboratory group of Prof. Dr. Rafael Luque. The catalysts were named APAl-X/Y-A-Z which X/Y was the ratio of P/Al ratio and Z was the calcination temperature. Both factors were varied to study their effects on the catalyst properties of surface area and active acid sites on catalyst surface. The MOFs (MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-125(Ti)) were prepared by the solvothermal method. The calcination of MOFs (C-MIL-101(Fe) and C-MIL-125(Ti)) provided metal oxide catalysts. The APAl catalysts and C-MOFs …

Poly(Β-Gal-Thr): A New Scalable Synthetic Mucin, Manuel A. Lema

Dissertations and Theses

A method for the preparation of glycosylated polypeptides via the nucleophilic ring-opening polymerization of a glycosylated N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomer is reported. The synthesis of 2,3,4,6-tetraacetyl-β-galactose-threonine N-carboxyanhydride (β-AcO-Gal-Thr-NCA) monomer in 5 steps with an 8 % overall yield is described, and the single-crystal X-ray structure is provided. The effect of a series of Ni⁰-based organometallic initiators, nucleophilic amine initiators, co-catalysts, and solvents on the polymerization were explored. The kinetics of the three most promising conditions were studied in greater detail. The conditions that provided the highest yield, low polydispersity (Ð), and …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Chitosan Derivatives Intended For Gene Delivery Applications, Alex M. Mcmullen

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Chitosan has been studied as a non-viral vector capable of efficient gene delivery due to its favorable properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and is non-toxic to mammalian cells. Incorporating electrostatic interactions in non-viral vectors enhance the vector permeability. This work focuses on two parts. Firstly, cationic chitosan derivatives were synthesized using quarternary ammonium and phosphonium groups. This was achieved by coupling carboxylic acid ligands with these quarternary groups to chitosan through an amide bond. The carboxylic acid ligands were synthesized from 4-methylbenzoic acid and either triethyl phosphine or triethyl amine. The ligand was then attached to chitosan through an amide …