Organic Chemistry Commons^™

Development Of Synthetic Methodologies Of Nucleophile-Electrophile Chemistry, Michael R. Stentzel

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The work outlined in this dissertation describes the development of synthetic methodologies utilizing a wide electrophilicity range of substrates towards the synthesis of new compounds. Substitution, addition, and superelectrophilic chemistry are powerful tools to afford potentially important compounds. These concepts are summarized in chapter 1.

Chapter 2 describes the capture of superacid catalyzed fluorenyl cations with nitriles (Ritter reaction) and alcohols. Optimization of reaction conditions and extensive scope studies were performed.

In chapter 3, the Michael addition of organometallic reagents with N-heterocyclic substituted olefins is explored. The nucleophilic carbanion intermediate species is shown to have reactivity towards strong electrophiles. With …

The Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Inhibitors Of The Ispf Enzyme In The Mep Pathway, Christopher G. Stewart

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Isoprenoids are a class of over 50,000 compounds that serve as key precursors for many compounds in plants and animals. These compounds play critical roles in many biological functions such as cellular growth, respiration, and go on to form critical compounds such as steroids and vitamins. Despite their overall necessity to life their biosynthesis only follows two synthetic pathways. These pathways are the Mevalonic Acid (MVA) Pathway and the 2-C-Methyl-D-Erythritol-4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway also known as the non-mevalonate pathway. The MVA pathway is found primarily in humans and some higher plants while the MEP pathway is found in bacteria and some …

The Benefit Of Precise Chemical Shift And Concentration Referencing In Nmr Applications, Ming Huang

Doctoral Dissertations

“In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the chemical shift and intensity of NMR signals provide critical information about a sample's molecular structure, reaction conditions, and material properties. For the precise determination of structures and properties, it is critical to know sample or reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, concentration, or absolute amount of material. Chemical-shift and signal-intensity calibrations play a key role for extracting the maximum amount of information from NMR experiments. In this dissertation, internal and external reference standards are used to calibrate NMR spectra with respect to chemical shift and signal intensity. Sealed capillary tubes filled with specific …

Towards The Discovery Of Oligonucleotide Cross-Linking Agents, Bhaskar Halami

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Oligonucleotide cross-linking agents are expected to become a new class of antisense drugs. They function by first hybridizing with a complementary mRNA and then form a covalent bond to permanently link the mRNA to the oligonucleotide agent. Because of covalent cross-linking, this new class of antisense drugs are expected to have much higher potency than existing ones.

Some oligonucleotide cross-linking agents have appeared in the literature, but they have various drawbacks, which include slow cross-linking rate and reversible cross-linking. To address these problems, we designed a series of new cross-linking oligonucleotides with a range of different reactivities. These oligonucleotides were …

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes For Sensitive Determination Of Lysosomal & Mitochondrial Ph In Live Cells, Wafa Mazi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Varied intracellular pH levels are critical for various physiological processes such as enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and apoptosis, ion transport, and muscle contraction. Cellular compartments, like lysosomes, must retain an acidic environment (pH ~ 4.5) to activate hydrolytic enzymes necessary for the breakdown of large biomolecules. Another cellular organelle, the mitochondria, provides the cell with energy and must retain an alkalis environment (pH ~ 8.0) for proper function. Substantial lysosomal and mitochondrial pH deviation is associated with cellular dysfunction and disease. Therefore, the precise detection of lysosomal and mitochondrial pH is essential to provide a better understanding of cellular physiological …