Environmental Chemistry Commons^™

California - Cottonwood Weigh Station, University Of Denver

On-road Heavy-duty Monitoring System Measurements

Relevant Publications

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2015)

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2017)

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2018)

Final Report

California - Port Of Los Angeles, Unversity Of Denver

On-road Heavy-duty Monitoring System Measurements

Relevant Publications

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2015)

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2017)

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2018)

Final Report

Correlation Between Ocean Acidification And Zooplankton In The South Pacific Gyre, Samuel Noonan, Rachel Scudder

DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive

The South Pacific Gyre is a naturally occurring carbon sink, meaning that it absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide by dissolving it into the moving surface water. The dissolution of CO2 level will dictate the water’s acidic levels a larger the concentration of dissolved CO2 is known to increase the salt water’s acidity. A great amount of the ocean’s biomass is composed of calcifying organisms, which produce tests or shells made from calcium carbonate CaCO3.The goal of our project is to determine if there is a correlation between the water acidity across various locations, as we sailed through the South Pacific gyre …

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Denver Area: Winter 2020, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Tulsa Area: Fall 2019, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Inspection And Maintenance Evaluation Using Historical U.S. Remote Sensing Measurements, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Are Electric Vehicles A Panacea For Reducing Ozone Precursor Emissions?, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Vehicle Exhaust Remote Sensing Device Method To Screen Vehicles For Evaporative Running Loss Emissions, Gary A. Bishop, Timothy H. Defries, James A. Sidebottom, James M. Kemper

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

Vehicle hydrocarbon (HC) emissions can be emitted from either tailpipe or non-tailpipe locations and understanding their fleet apportionment is important for successful air pollution policy. Vehicles initially misidentified as having elevated tailpipe HC emissions first indicated that roadside exhaust sensors could detect the presence of evaporative HC emissions as increased noise in the HC/carbon dioxide (CO₂) correlation measurement. The 90^th percentile of the largest residual of the HC/CO₂ correlation is defined as a running loss index (RLI) for each measurement. An RLI that is three standard deviations or greater above the instruments noise indicates possible evaporative …

Three Decades Of On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Reductions In South Los Angeles, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

In May of 2018, the University of Denver repeated on-road optical remote sensing measurements at two locations in Lynwood, CA. Lynwood area vehicle tailpipe emissions were first surveyed in 1989 and 1991 because the area suffered with a large number of carbon monoxide (CO) air quality violations. These new measurements allow for the estimation of fuel specific CO and total hydrocarbon (HC) emissions reductions, changes in the longevity of emission-control components, and the prevalence of high emitters in the current fleet.

Since 1989 CO emissions decreased approximately factors of 10 (120 ± 8 to 12.3 ± 0.2 gCO/kg of fuel) …

Measuring Emissions From The On-Road Vehicle Fleet In West Los Angeles, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Chicago Area: Fall 2018, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Photochemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons With Environmentally Relevant Metals, John P. Haynes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The details of the work presented in this dissertation focus on simulated reactions in the atmosphere and water systems between persistent aromatic compounds and varying species of metals with an emphasis on iron. Bulk water suspensions of a standard soil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were analyzed for soluble iron by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) following a 16 hour reaction period using simulated sunlight. Significant increases in soluble iron were only seen with 2-3 ring linear PAH and carboxylic acids.

A two-stage study was conducted to investigate the potential for and possible mechanisms involving the photo-oxidation of PAH into …

The Investigation Of Lactoferrin Nitration: Quantification, Function, And Inhibition, Amani Yahya Alhalwani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein of molecular mass ca. 80 kDa that is predominantly found in mammalian body fluids. Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has a wide range of properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic functions. Tyrosine residues in the protein play a part in many lactoferrin functions. Protein tyrosine nitration modification represents an oxidative and nitrosative stress process which can be caused by the exposure of proteins to oxidants from air pollution or disease. Understanding the way nitrated lactoferrin interacts with the biochemical environment of the body is thus important to the broader goal of …

Evaluation Of Heavy- And Medium-Duty On-Road Vehicle Emissions In California's South Coast Air Basin, Molly J. Haugen, Gary A. Bishop, Arvind Thiruvengadam, Daniel K. Carder

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

Emission measurements were collected from heavy-duty (HDVs) and medium-duty vehicles (MDVs) at the Peralta weigh station long-term measurement site near Anaheim, CA in 2017. Two Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test units sampled elevated and ground-level exhaust vehicles totaling 2,315 measurements. HDVs (1844 measurements) exhibited historical reductions in fuel specific oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) from the 2008 measurements (55%) with increased use of exhaust gas recirculation and selective catalytic reduction systems. However, as these technologies have aged, the in-use benefits have declined. Infrared %opacity measurements of tailpipe soot decreased 14% since 2012 with increased diesel particulate filter (DPF) use, DPF …

Revisit Lynwood, Ca: On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Lynwood, Ca: 2018, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Investigate The Durability Of Diesel Engine Emission Controls, Gary A. Bishop, Molly J. Haugen

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Tulsa Area: Fall 2017, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Heavy And Medium-Duty Trucks At The Peralta Weigh Station In The South Coast Air Basin: Spring 2017, Molly J. Haugen, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Emissions Benefits Of Federal Reformulated Gasoline Versus Conventional Gasoline, Gary A. Bishop, S. Kent Hoekman, Amber Broch

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Denver Area: Winter 2017, Gary A. Bishop, Molly J. Haugen

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

The Story Of Ever Diminishing Vehicle Tailpipe Emissions As Observed In The Chicago, Il Area, Gary A. Bishop, Molly J. Haugen

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

The University of Denver has collected on-road fuel specific vehicle emissions measurements in the Chicago area since 1989. This nearly 30 year record illustrates the large reductions in light-duty vehicle tailpipe emissions and the remarkable improvements in emissions control durability to maintain low emissions over increasing periods of time. Since 1989 fuel specific carbon monoxide (CO) emissions have been reduced by an order of magnitude and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by more than a factor of 20. Nitric oxide (NO) emissions have only been collected since 1997 but have seen reductions of 79%. This has increased the skewness of the emissions …

Long-Term Fuel-Specific Nox And Particle Emission Trends For In-Use Heavy-Duty Vehicles In California, Molly J. Haugen, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

Two California heavy-duty fleets have been measured in 2013, 2015 and 2017 using the On-road Heavy-duty Measurement System. The Port of Los Angeles drayage fleet has increased in age by 3.3 model years (4.2 to 7.5 years old) since 2013, with little fleet turnover. Large increases in fuel specific particle emissions (PM) observed in 2015 were reversed in 2017, returning to near 2013 levels, suggesting repairs and or removal of high emitting vehicles. Fuel specific oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions of this fleet have increased and NO_x after-treatment systems do not appear to perform ideally in this …

Repeat Fuel Specific Emission Measurements On Two California Heavy-Duty Truck Fleets, Molly J. Haugen, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

The University of Denver repeated its 2013 fuel specific gaseous and particle emission measurements on two California heavy-duty vehicle fleets. In 2015 1,457 measurements at the Port of Los Angeles and 694 measurements at the Cottonwood weigh station in northern California were collected. The Port fleet changed little since 2013, increasing the average age (+1.8 years), accompanied by an increase in particle mass (PM) by +266% (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.01 gPM/kg of fuel) and black carbon (BC) by +300% (0.02 ± 0.003 to 0.08 ± 0.01 gBC/kg of fuel). Particle number (PN) also increased (1.5 x 10 …

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Chicago Area: Fall 2016, Gary A. Bishop, Molly J. Haugen

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

United States Light And Heavy -Duty Fuel Specific On -Road No And No X Emission Factor Trends And Their Importance In Inventory Calculations (Presentation), Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

High-Mileage Light-Duty Fleet Vehicle Emissions: Their Potentially Overlooked Importance, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman, Daniel A. Burgard, Oscar Atkinson

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Tulsa Area: Fall 2015, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Donald H. Stedman 50 Years Of Air Quality Instrument Inventions And Measurements (Presentation), Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Measuring Real-World Emissions From The On-Road Passenger Fleet, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Monitoring System, Gary A. Bishop, Rachel Hottor-Raguindin, Donald H. Stedman, Peter Mcclintock, Ed Theobald, Jeremy D. Johnson, Doh-Won Lee, Josias Zietsman, Chandan Misra

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

The introduction of particulate and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) after-treatment controls on heavy-duty vehicles has spurred the need for fleet emissions data to monitor their reliability and effectiveness. The University of Denver has developed a new method for rapidly measuring heavy-duty vehicles for gaseous and particulate fuel specific emissions. The method was recently used to collect 3,088 measurements at a Port of Los Angeles location and a weigh station on I-5 in northern California. The weigh station NO_x emissions for 2014 models are 73% lower than 2010 models (3.8 vs. 13.9 gNO_x/kg of fuel) and …