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Articles 181 - 210 of 249
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
Cathodic Deposition Of Triangular Tungsten Clusters From Ionic Liquids: An Explorative Study, Linda N. Ubadigbo
Cathodic Deposition Of Triangular Tungsten Clusters From Ionic Liquids: An Explorative Study, Linda N. Ubadigbo
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In the present work, the triangular tungsten clusters {[W3O2(O2CCH3)6](H2O)3}(CF3SO3)2 and {[W3O2(O2CCH2CH3)6](H2O)3}(BF4)2. 5.5H2O were dissolved in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs) and subjected to a cathodic potential of roughly 2V. It was proposed that successful deposition of these metal clusters on a platinum electrode would yield Pt-supported anodic catalysts which could be used in ethanol fuel cells (EFCs). Visual examination of the electrode surfaces indicated that a film had been deposited, however, the surface with W3(CF3SO3)2 quickly oxidized when removed from the IL. Therefore, SEM imaging and EDX analysis of the W3(BF4)2 surface were performed. The data indicated that …
Modifiable Hyperbranched Polyester Drug Delivery Systems, Dorothy Ogden
Modifiable Hyperbranched Polyester Drug Delivery Systems, Dorothy Ogden
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This work encompassed synthesis and characterization of biocompatible hyperbranched polyester drug delivery systems prepared with fumaric acid, glycerol and polyethylene glycol. The polymers were manufactured in the melt utilizing A2 + CB2 polymerization. The ratio of A2:CB2 was modified and excess B was added to end-cap the polymers to avoid cross-linking. Fumaric acid was selected as the A2 monomer because the double bond provided a site for polymer backbone modification or covalent attachment of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Acetaminophen and Ondansetron Hydrochloride were added to evaluate feasibility of using the polyesters as drug delivery systems. The weight average molecular weight of …
Cyclopentadienone Conversions To Terephthalates And Cycloadditions Of Alkynes And Azides, Sarah E. Bragg
Cyclopentadienone Conversions To Terephthalates And Cycloadditions Of Alkynes And Azides, Sarah E. Bragg
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Cyclopentadienone derivatives can be converted via a Diels-Alder reaction to multifunctional terephthalate derivatives, which can then be converted to poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives. It was demonstrated that terephthalate derivatives can be simply and reproducibly synthesized from 2,5-diethoxycarbonyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone with a variety of acetylenes, having yields ranging from 63% to quantitative yields. The terephthalate derivatives synthesized varied from oils to crystalline solids, but were readily isolated and generally had high rates of completion despite expected steric factors. Terephthalate derivatives with pendent acetylenes were formed in reactions with as low as a 3:1 ratio of diacetylene to cyclopentadienone. A terephthalate derivative with a pendent …
Novel Trisubstituted Arylidene Oxindoles With Potent Anti-Apoptotic Properties, Paul J. Repasky
Novel Trisubstituted Arylidene Oxindoles With Potent Anti-Apoptotic Properties, Paul J. Repasky
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Apoptosis is a highly complex, multi-step cellular pathway utilized to initiate cell suicide. The family of enzymes largely responsible for the process is the cystienyl aspartic acid proteases (caspases). This study details the design and synthesis of a new class of small molecule caspase inhibitors, namely arylidene oxindoles, which are comparable to the isatin family of inhibitors but which offer the advantage of incorporating three points of variability into the basic scaffold. Moreover, whereas the mode of action of isatins against caspases has been demonstrated to involve nucleophilic addition of the cysteine residue of the enzymes to the C-3 ketone …
Quantum Chemical Analysis Of The Pka's Of Alcohols And A Cellular Automata Model For The Distribution Of Gases In The Earth's Atmosphere, Edur Basha Boyinipalli
Quantum Chemical Analysis Of The Pka's Of Alcohols And A Cellular Automata Model For The Distribution Of Gases In The Earth's Atmosphere, Edur Basha Boyinipalli
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Alcohols play important roles in many chemical and biological processes, and their acid/base behaviors are often important for these roles. In this study we ask the question, "Can the electronic properties of these compounds offer clues to the compounds' acid/base behaviors?" The study considers whether selected quantum chemical properties can be used to find correlations with the experimental pKa's of the alcohols (aliphatic and aromatic). Calculations were carried out for these alcohols using the semi-empirical RM1 method and the more advanced density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31+G* method. Significant correlations were found for several quantum chemical descriptors. It was also found …
Synthesis Of Fluorinated Indenofluorenediones And Bis(2-Fluorophenyl) Substituted Ppv, Jeffrey D. Fogle
Synthesis Of Fluorinated Indenofluorenediones And Bis(2-Fluorophenyl) Substituted Ppv, Jeffrey D. Fogle
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The compound 2,5-di(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4-di(2-fluorophenyl)cyclopentadienone was successfully synthesized and led to the synthesis of terephthalates, di(hydroxymethyl)s, di(chloromethyl)s, diacids, diacid chlorides and indenofluorenediones having the pendent groups null, hexyl and 2-(4-benzothiazolyl)phenyl. All new compounds were characterized by melting point, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, GC/MS and combustion analysis. Most of the forementioned compounds showed an indication of restricted rotation with the appearance of trans and cis diastereomers. The asymmetric compounds showed the occurrence of four isomers. In some spectra, signals corresponding to all four isomers were visible. Through-space 1H-19F, 13C-19F and 19F-19F coupling was observed for most compounds in 1H NMR, …
Near Equilibrium Dissolution Of Calcite Using A Flow-Through Reactor (Ftr), Michael Mante
Near Equilibrium Dissolution Of Calcite Using A Flow-Through Reactor (Ftr), Michael Mante
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In mineral dissolution reactions, surface morphologies play important roles particularly in near equilibrium fluids where generation of new sites of reactivity (e.g., pit nuclei) is thermodynamically disfavored. Following CO2 injection in geologic formations, dissolution of primary carbonate minerals and crack-sealing cements will occur. The impact of these reactions on fluid chemistry requires better understanding of the reaction kinetics of major minerals at close-to-equilibrium conditions. Initial investigations have focused on quantifying calcite dissolution using short residence time (~ 10 min) flow through reactors to obtain dissolution rates at 60°C, pH = 8.33 and Pco2 = 3.8 x 10-4 …
Synthesis Of Isatin Derivatives Used For The Inhibition Of Pro-Apoptotic Jurkat T Cells, Charles Michael Clay
Synthesis Of Isatin Derivatives Used For The Inhibition Of Pro-Apoptotic Jurkat T Cells, Charles Michael Clay
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A range of substituted 1H-indole-2,3-diones (isatins) was synthesized to assess their capability to inhibit caspases and prevent apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The key steps in the synthesis of such molecules involved electrophilic substitution of the C-5 position of the isatin nucleus (if necessary), N-alkylation, Wolff-Kishner reduction of the C-3 carbonyl group and finally, Knoevenagel condensation. The design and synthesis of such potential inhibitors was guided by SAR studies of peptide based inhibitors such as "Q-VD-O-Ph", as well as small-molecule inhibitors based upon the isatins scaffold. Previously, 3-(2,6-difluorobenzylidene)-5-nitroindolin-2-one has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells at …
Cetyltrimethylammonium Halide-Coated Electrodes For The Detection Of Dopamine In The Presence Of Interferents, Amber J. Yeary
Cetyltrimethylammonium Halide-Coated Electrodes For The Detection Of Dopamine In The Presence Of Interferents, Amber J. Yeary
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Specially constructed carbon paste electrodes were coated with 10 mM cetyltrimethylammonium halide (CTAX) solutions, bromide and chloride being the counter anions. These surfactant modified electrodes were used to detect the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine using cyclic voltammetry. The coated electrodes gave reproducible quasi-reversible behavior for the analyte dopamine over a range of concentrations from 1 mM to 200 mM. When combined in solution with common interferents ascorbic acid (1 mM) and uric acid (300 μM), all cathodic and anodic current peaks maintained resolution at the biological pH of 7.4. When the coating solutions were below the critical micelle concentration (0.5 mM), …
Routes To Acylated Sydnone Esters, Amanda Marie Balaguer
Routes To Acylated Sydnone Esters, Amanda Marie Balaguer
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Various 4-acyl-3-[2'-(carboalkoxy)phenyl]sydnones were synthesized by reaction of the parent sydnone with the corresponding anhydrides and Montmorillonite K-10. In the Q-tube, the acylation using acetic anhydride, which normally took 1.5 days for complete conversion thermally, was complete in 8.5 hours. Use of bismuth triflate as catalyst reduced the reaction time to 5 hours and, in the microwave, reactions were complete in 30 minutes and provided comparable yields. New sydnones were synthesized with acetic, propionic, butyric, and isobutyric anhydrides. Extension to various homogeneous metal triflates (lanthanum, yttrium, scandium, hafnium, gadolinium, and indium) was explored. Reactions were performed with 3-phenylsydnone as reactant, initially …
The Synthesis, Reduction, And Chlorination Of 5-Alkoxy-2,3-Diphenylterephthalates, Rachel Marie Sayers
The Synthesis, Reduction, And Chlorination Of 5-Alkoxy-2,3-Diphenylterephthalates, Rachel Marie Sayers
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A series of alkoxy, phenylated terephthalates has been synthesized as monomer precursors to the corresponding poly(phenylene vinylene)s (PPV). The hydroxy, phenylated terephthalate was synthesized via: 1) a Diels-Alder cycloaddition between an ethynyl boronic ester and a cyclopentadienone (CPD) with subsequent hydrolysis/oxidation of the boronate ester or 2) a Diels-Alder cycloaddition between vinylene carbonate and CPD followed by thermolysis of the bridged adduct. The hydroxy, phenylated terephthalate was alkylated via a phase-transfer reaction with iodomethane, propargyl bromide, benzyl chloride, allyl bromide, and bromobutane to produce the alkoxy, phenylated terephthalates in yields from 38.6- 91.1%. The alkoxyterephthlates were reduced with lithium aluminum …
Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)S Carrying Pendant(3-Sulfonated) Phenyl Sulfonyl Groups For Use As Proton Exchange Membranes, Kimberly E. Kern
Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)S Carrying Pendant(3-Sulfonated) Phenyl Sulfonyl Groups For Use As Proton Exchange Membranes, Kimberly E. Kern
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A series of poly(arylene ether)s, containing a pendant mono sulfonic acid group, was synthesized using 3-sulfonated-3', 5'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone and a variety of bisphenols for use in proton exchange membranes (PEM). Nucleophilic aromatic substitution was utilized for homo and copolymerizations. In addition, the relationship between perfectly alternating and random copolymers and their effects on overall properties was studied. Polymerization reactions yielded linear sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s, sPAEs, with molecular weights ranging from 15,400 to 212,000 g/mol. All of the polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All polymers exhibited excellent …
Effects Of Crystal Orientation On The Dissolution Kinetics Of Calcite By Chemical And Microscopic Analyses, Michael Edward Smith
Effects Of Crystal Orientation On The Dissolution Kinetics Of Calcite By Chemical And Microscopic Analyses, Michael Edward Smith
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The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of polished crystal-surface orientation and degree of solution undersaturation (Ωcalcite) on the dissolution kinetics of calcite as a means of improving our understanding of fundamental reactions that may influence the efficacy of CO2 sequestration in geological formations. Crystallographic surface orientations utilized in this study included ~ 1 cm2 areas of natural calcite specimens polished approximately parallel to the (104) plane, giving rise to surfaces with flat terraces with few steps, as well as fully kinked surfaces created by sectioning approximately parallel to the (001) plane. Results …
Aerosol Jet Printing Of Lscf-Cgo Cathode For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Paul Gardner
Aerosol Jet Printing Of Lscf-Cgo Cathode For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Paul Gardner
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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology has attracted great attention due to advantages such as low emissions and high efficiency. In this work, solid oxide fuel cells were fabricated by incorporating functional layers deposited by a novel aerosol jet® printing method. The buffer and cathode layers were printed from gadolinium doped ceria (Ce0.9Gd0.1)O1.95 (CGO) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) inks, respectively. The CGO layer was deposited on the sintered electrolyte and then LSCF was subsequently deposited onto the CGO layer. The polarization curves showed a 19% improvement in current density using LSCF as the cathode instead of LSM. Cathode grain size was …
Towards The Total Synthesis Of Haplomyrtin, Nora Ellen Hunter
Towards The Total Synthesis Of Haplomyrtin, Nora Ellen Hunter
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Haplomyrtin, a 1-aryl-2,3-naphthalide lignan obtained from Turkish Haplophyllum myrtifolium and Haplophyllum telephioides offers a number of synthetic challenges with the incorporation of two aromatic hydroxyl groups at positions C4 and C7 on the naphthalene ring system and regiospecific condensation of the γ-lactone ring. Improvements towards the total synthesis of haplomyrtin were pursued with commercially available vanillin and piperonal in a total of 8 separate steps. All steps have excellent reproducibility. This strategy includes bromination of protected vanillin to yield 2-(4-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane and 2-(4-(benzyloxy)-2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1, 3-dioxolane in 48% and 88% yield respectively, and incorporation of the fully functionalized pendant aryl ring through a …
Routes To Acylated Sydnones Utilizing Microwave Chemistry, Amber C. Rumple
Routes To Acylated Sydnones Utilizing Microwave Chemistry, Amber C. Rumple
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In the present work, microwave chemistry was utilized to improve and optimize two methods for the acylation of sydnones. Whereas before, 4-acyl-3-arylsydnones could be synthesized by the use of Friedel-Crafts reactions utilizing either Montmorillonite K-10 or bismuth(III) triflate/lithium perchlorate as catalysts in moderate to good yields after long reaction times, with the introduction of microwave chemistry 4-acyl-3-arylsydnones can be synthesized in good to excellent yields in much shorter times. A previous method using Montmorillonite K-10 allowed for a variety of 4-acetyl-3-arylsydnones to be synthesized thermally in moderate to good yields after at least 24 hours. This method was extended in …
Functionalized, Semicrystalline Poly(Ether Ketone)S Via In Situ Modification Chemistry, Raghavendhar Reddy Kotha
Functionalized, Semicrystalline Poly(Ether Ketone)S Via In Situ Modification Chemistry, Raghavendhar Reddy Kotha
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AB3 monomer (3,4,5-Trifluoro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone) was used for polymerizations in order to mimic the combination of AB and AB2 monomers, and which has potential to facilitate concurrent polymerization and functionalization. 'Pre' and 'post' polymerization functionalization of the PEK system was done using phenol, 4-bromophenol, and 3/4-aminophenol. The solubility of the functionalized polymers was increased; and the crystallinity was decreased significantly compared to the corresponding unfunctionalized homopolymer. The polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). DSC results showed that the crystallinity of the polymer was tuned by the amount …
Thermal And Electrochemical Characterization Of Cathode Materials For High Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries In Ionic Liquids, Jodie R. Shoaf
Thermal And Electrochemical Characterization Of Cathode Materials For High Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries In Ionic Liquids, Jodie R. Shoaf
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Finding a cathode material to operate a high-temperature Li-ion battery in the presence of an ionic liquid has become an attractive area of research. Three cathode materials, LiCoO2, Li4Ti5O12, and LiFePO4, were received from Electrochemical Systems Inc. of Knoxville, TN. Three ionic liquids were synthesized using a 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (XMI+) cation, where the alkyl group was either ethyl, pentyl or hexyl, and contained a bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (Beti-) anion. The thermal and electrochemical properties of each ionic liquid, of each cathode material, and each combination of cathode material in the presence of ionic liquid were studied. All of the ionic liquids were found …
Exploration Using Reaction Temperature To Tailor The Degree Of Order In Micro-Block Copolymer Proton Exchange Membranes, John Quentin Buquoi Iii
Exploration Using Reaction Temperature To Tailor The Degree Of Order In Micro-Block Copolymer Proton Exchange Membranes, John Quentin Buquoi Iii
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The ability to control the self-assembly of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) sulfones (s-PAESs) was explored by tailoring rate coefficients, via temperature, in an A2 + B2 + B2' Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) approach. The reactivity of various electrophilic sites were studied and tuned, via temperature control, to elicit a range of more ordered and disordered polymers of equivalent monomeric composition. These polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and found to have highly disordered polymer configuration at higher temperatures while having a more regular configuration at lower temperatures.
1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Imide Based Ionic Liquids: A Study Of Their Physical And Electrochemical Properties, Charles William Dutton
1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Imide Based Ionic Liquids: A Study Of Their Physical And Electrochemical Properties, Charles William Dutton
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Ionic liquids are of interest because of their electrochemical and thermal properties and their possible use as electrolytes in batteries. In this work five ionic liquids were synthesized. They consisted of a 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (RMI+) cation, where the alkyl group was ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl, and a bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2-)anion. The decomposition temperatures, melting points, conductivities, viscosities, densities, absorption and desorption of water, diffusion coefficients, and electrochemical properties were studied. It was found that these ionic liquids were thermally stable up to ~310 °C, and that EMINTf2 had a melting point at -18.26 °C. Conductivities …
A Comparison Of Atmospheric Pahs In Pine Needles And High-Volume Sampler Filters In The Dayton Metro Area, Timothy A. Tomashuk
A Comparison Of Atmospheric Pahs In Pine Needles And High-Volume Sampler Filters In The Dayton Metro Area, Timothy A. Tomashuk
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Samples of filters from High-volume (HiVol) samplers of particulate matter (PM) with a size of 10 micrometers or less were deployed for five months in Moraine and Yellow Springs, OH, by the Regional Air Protection Control Agency and analyzed for the Environmental Pollution Agency (EPA) 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Pine needles on trees near the HiVol samplers were also collected and analyzed for a comparison with the active samplers to estimate atmospheric PAH concentrations. Pine needles were found to collect lower molecular weight (LMW) compounds far more than HiVol sampler and thus their profiles shown to compliment the HiVol …
Electrochemical Deposition Of Molybdenum And Tungsten From Trinuclear Metal Clusters (M3O2(Oac)6(H2O)3(Cf3So3)2) In 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic, Charles Woods
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Electrochemical properties of Mo2WO2(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3(CF3SO3)2 and W3O2(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3(CF3SO3)2 clusters in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) ionic liquid was investigated. Cyclic voltammograms using a platinum electrode indicated that deposition of metal had occurred. Constant potential electrolysis of Mo2WO2(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3(CF3SO3)2 at -1.9 V using a platinum foil electrode …
Routes To Sydno[3,4-A]Quinoxalines, Erik Dihrkop
Routes To Sydno[3,4-A]Quinoxalines, Erik Dihrkop
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In the present work, the reactivity of alkyl and aryl sydnoquinoxalines was studied. Using a previously developed method, triphenylphosphine-2-(3-sydnonyl)phenylimide was prepared in a two-step process via a diazotization / azidation process of 3-(2-aminophenyl)sydnone, followed by treatment with triphenylphosphine. Due to the inability to achieve previously reported yields, a new, one-step method using Mitsunobu conditions was employed to synthesize the iminophosphorane in a good yield. A similar, brominated iminophosphorane was synthesized using the same conditions in a good yield. Treatment of both the brominated and non-brominated iminophosphoranes with alkyl and aryl isocyanates or isothiocyanates in an aza-Wittig process, gave the corresponding …
Electrochemical Oxidation Of Ethanol In Ionic Liquids And Its Possible Use In Fuel Cells, Ashley M. Mason
Electrochemical Oxidation Of Ethanol In Ionic Liquids And Its Possible Use In Fuel Cells, Ashley M. Mason
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Electrochemical properties of EtOH in EMImBF4 ionic liquid were investigated and compared to the electrochemical properties of EtOH in 0.1M HClO4/H2O. As was shown earlier, oxidation of EtOH in HClO4/H2O involves formation of PtO on the electrode surface, which makes the electrode poisoned. We have found that the best procedure for removal of PtO from the Pt electrode is heating the electrode in concentrated H2SO4. Cyclic voltammograms obtained after cleaning several Pt electrodes conforms that this treatment gives clean Pt electrodes without any PtO. Electrochemical oxidation of EtOH in EMImBF4 ionic liquid show that is poisoning of Pt electrode by …
Skeletal Pathology Of Tibiotarsi In Chick Embryos Exposed To Platinum Group Metals By Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, Jennifer L. Monahan
Skeletal Pathology Of Tibiotarsi In Chick Embryos Exposed To Platinum Group Metals By Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, Jennifer L. Monahan
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Platinum group metals (PGMs) have been shown to accumulate in various tissues of organisms but their toxicity is not well-known. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that enables direct and non-destructive chemical characterization of bone tissues. PGMs were injected into chick embryos in the following concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 ppm solutions of Pt(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II) or PGMs mixtures (0.1 ppm or 1.0 ppm of each metal). The micro-Raman maps recorded on the paraffin embedded tibiotarsus cross-sections showed significant changes in the chemical composition and structure of the bone tissue as a result …
Temperature And Ph Responsive Polyethylenimine Systems As Potential Nonviral Gene Vectors, S. Chad Skidmore
Temperature And Ph Responsive Polyethylenimine Systems As Potential Nonviral Gene Vectors, S. Chad Skidmore
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Modified HPEI was used to determine if the LCST could be controlled by varying multiple variables, including: percent modification, pH, salt solution concentration, and weight percent. Two modifications were done with butylene oxide (Butox) and isobutyryl amide (IBAm). Specifically, 100% (HPEI-Butox1.00)butoxylated and 10% (HPEI-IBAm0.10), 54% (HPEI-IBAm0.54), and 70% (HPEI-IBAm0.70) amidated samples were synthesized. Additionally, HPEI-IBAm0.54 was further modified with hydroxyl ethyl groups (HPEI-IBAm0.54 Eox0.46) and ethyl groups (HPEI-IBAm0.54-Et0.44). The LCSTs of all amidated systems were below body temperature, 37 °C, at pH = 7.4. This indicates an ability of these systems to be used as a vector for gene delivery. …
Novel Synthesis Of Polyhydrogenated Fullerenes, Angela Campo
Novel Synthesis Of Polyhydrogenated Fullerenes, Angela Campo
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Hydrogenated fullerenes are of interest as a starting material in metal fulleride synthesis. By reacting C60H2 with various metals, alloyed metal fullerides could be produced. To achieve this goal, first a reliable synthesis of C60H2 must be determined. C60H2 is difficult to synthesis exclusively; C60H4 and C60H6 are also produced. Reduction of C60 with NaBH4 produced a mixture of products as well as excessive unreacted C60. Attempts to modify this reaction to achieve C60H2 exclusively were unsuccessful. A …
Small Molecule Caspase Inhibitors Using Isatin And Oxindole Scaffolds And A Combinatorial Approach, Hagar Mahmoud Abdallah
Small Molecule Caspase Inhibitors Using Isatin And Oxindole Scaffolds And A Combinatorial Approach, Hagar Mahmoud Abdallah
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Quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone (Q-VD-OPh) is a next generation broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, the effectiveness and reduced toxicity of which can be partially attributable to the carboxyterminal O-phenoxy group as well as the amino terminal quinolyl groups. We seek to incorporate some of these unique recognition elements onto small molecule derived protease inhibitors with drug like properties. Specifically, heterocyclic scaffolds such as isatins and oxindoles. Thus, isatins bearing electron withdrawing groups on C-5 and 2,6-difluorobenzyl moieties have been prepared by analogy to the well studied N-substituted 5-pyrrololidinylsulfonyl isatins. Moreover, 3-benzylidene oxindole derivatives bearing these structural motifs have also been prepared and their …
"One-Pot" Oligomeric A2 + B3 Approach To Branched Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)S: Reactivity Ratio Controlled Polycondensation, Andrea M. Elsen
"One-Pot" Oligomeric A2 + B3 Approach To Branched Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)S: Reactivity Ratio Controlled Polycondensation, Andrea M. Elsen
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The synthesis of fully soluble branched poly(arylene ether)s via an oligomeric A2 + B3 system, in which the A2 oligomers are generated in situ, is presented. This approach takes advantage of the significantly higher reactivity toward nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, NAS, of B2, 4-Fluorophenyl sulfone, relative to B3, tris(4-Fluorophenyl) phosphine oxide. The A2 oligomers were synthesized by reaction of Bisphenol-A and B2, in the presence of the B3 unit, at temperatures between 100 and 160 °C, followed by an increase in the reaction temperature to 180 °C at which point the branching unit was incorporated. The presence of branching was …
A Lab To Stemulate Undergraduate Students Into Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics Majors, Nicole Lynn Speelman
A Lab To Stemulate Undergraduate Students Into Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics Majors, Nicole Lynn Speelman
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The central focus is the development and implementation of a research/lab module for first year chemistry courses. Electrochemical techniques are utilized to study oxidation and reduction reactions of neurotransmitters with a poly(2,2'-Bithiophene) modified electrode. The goal is to excite students about chemistry and encourage them to continue studies in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) during their undergraduate education. The lab module was created for Project REEL (Research Experiences to Enhance Learning) and will be illustrated with results typically obtained by students. The experiment is inquiry-based, which includes challenging questions students have to do collaboration and research to answer, as …